Obliteration of gastric varices guided by eco-endoscopy with coils insertion coated with expandable hydrogel polymers.

INTRODUCTION: gastric varices hemorrhage is a severe complication of portal hypertension, with high mortality rates and few management alternatives, especially when there is a contraindication to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts (TIPS). The usual therapeutic options are the injection of cyanoacrylate, the insertion of coils or both. Hydrocoils are special coils coated with different types of expandable hydrogel polymers conventionally used in neurovascular interventionism. They allow rapid occlusion of vessel, forming a mesh that favors the local formation of thrombus and the development of a neointima on the gel cover. We consider the use of endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) guided hydrocoil insertion in gastric varices, without using cyanoacrylate. OBJECTIVE: this study aimed to evaluate the safety and effectivity of the application of EUS-guided hydrocoils in patients with gastric varices hemorrhage with TIPS contraindication. MATERIAL AND METHODS: this was a retrospective case series of four patients with TIPS contraindication after interventional radiologist evaluation. Linear echoendoscopes, fluoroscopy, 19G needles and hydrocoils (Azur®, Terumo) and Progreat® 3 Fr microcatheters were used. An interventional radiologist expert advised the procedures and endoscopic ultrasound confirmed the varix obliteration. RESULTS: technical and clinical success occurred in all patients involved in this study. There were no adverse effects related to the procedure or endoscopic equipment damage. CONCLUSIONS: the application of EUS-guided hydrocoils can be a safe and effective method in the short term for gastric varices bleeding in patients who are not candidates for TIPS. Besides, a complete obliteration of the vascular lumen could occur and thus, dispense with the use of cyanoacrylate. Further studies are needed to corroborate these preliminary results.

Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration for splenomegaly and focal splenic lesion: is it safe, effective and necessary?

INTRODUCTION: splenomegaly and/or focal splenic lesions (FSL) have limited histopathologic studies due to the risk posed by splenic punctures. Percutaneous biopsies with a fine needle are difficult, especially due to interposition of gases, ascites, obesity or a history of abdominal surgery. On the other hand, endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) takes advantage of the proximity of the gastric wall to the spleen in order to puncture and visualize the needle and its movements in real time. OBJECTIVE: to describe the initial experience and results obtained with EUS-FNA in patients with splenomegaly or FSL. MATERIALS AND METHODS: this was a descriptive observational study. EUS-FNA of the spleen was performed with a slow-pull technique, which avoided fanning with an average of 3 needle passes. Biopsies were sent in Cytorich RedTM solution for analysis by cytology and cell block. RESULTS: punctures were performed in 15 patients (9 females) and the median age was 67 years (range 44-86). Patients studied due to an enlarged spleen or splenic FSL, in the context of fever of an unknown origin, adenopathies and abnormal weight loss were included. A conclusive diagnosis was achieved by EUS-FNA in 10 patients (66.7 %), 4 were large cell type B non-Hodgkin's lymphoma and one Hodgkin's lymphoma. There were no immediate or delayed complications related to the procedure. CONCLUSIONS: EUS-guided splenic punctures appear to be safe, effective and may be necessary in some clinical settings in order to complete the etiologic filiation of splenomegaly of an uncertain origin or FSL and to rule out malignancy.

[Prospective study of digestive stomas complications]. / Estudio prospectivo sobre las complicaciones de los estomas digestivos.

The surgical treatment of colorectal pathology can often lead to the need for a stoma, either colostomy or ileostomy. This surgery is associated with a high rate of complications. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of stomas complications, identify associated risk factors as well as new prevention strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Prospective observational cohort study on patients who underwent an ileostomy or colostomy at the Hospital U. Infanta Leonor between April 2016 and October 2017. RESULTS: A total of 87 stomas were performed in 83 patients, of which 77.01% had at least one complication. The most presented complication was dermatitis (54.02%), followed by detachment (40.23%) and flat stoma (21.84%). The greatest number of complications occurred in the second week of the postoperative period. The average height of the stomas made was 10.6 mm. BMI was associated as a risk factor for the development of stoma complications. Of all the patients, 55 had follow-up until 6 months. CONCLUSION: Although our complication rate is high, this outcome is similar to others studies previously published. BMI was the unique risk factor associated with the development of stoma complications. New strategies related to the surgical technique can be developed to decrease our complication rate.

Estudio prospectivo sobre las complicaciones de los estomas digestivos

El tratamiento quirúrgico de la patología colorrectal puede conllevar en muchas ocasiones la necesidad de realizar un estoma, ya sea colostomía o ileostomía. Este tipo de cirugía se asocia a una alta tasa de complicaciones. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es describir la frecuencia de las complicaciones, identificar factores de riesgo así como estrategias de prevención. Materiales y métodos: Estudio de cohorte observacional prospectiva, de pacientes a los que se les realizó ileostomía o colostomía en el Hospital Universitario Infanta Leonor entre abril de 2016 y octubre de 2017. Resultados: Se realizaron un total de 87 estomas en 83 pacientes, de los cuales un 77,01% presentó al menos una complicación. La complicación más presentada fue la dermatitis (54,02%), seguida del desprendimiento (40,23%) y del estoma plano (21,84%). El mayor número de complicaciones se dieron en la segunda semana del postoperatorio. La altura media de los estomas realizados fue 10,6 mm. Se ha encontrado el índice de masa corporal como factor de riesgo asociado al desarrollo de complicaciones de las ostomías, no existiendo significación estadística en nuestros pacientes con respecto al resto de factores estudiados. Conclusiones: Nuestra tasa de complicaciones es similar a lo publicado previamente en la literatura. El índice de masa corporal ha sido el único factor de riesgo de nuestra serie. Se han encontrado puntos susceptibles de mejora con respecto a la técnica quirúrgica para reducir el número de complicaciones.

The surgical treatment of colorectal pathology can often lead to the need for a stoma, either colostomy or ileostomy. This surgery is associated with a high rate of complications. Objective: The objective of this study is to describe the frequency of stomas complications, identify associated risk factors as well as new prevention strategies. Materials and methods: Prospective observational cohort study on patients who underwent an ileostomy or colostomy at the Hospital U. Infanta Leonor between April 2016 and October 2017. Results: A total of 87 stomas were performed in 83 patients, of which 77.01% had at least one complication. The most presented complication was dermatitis (54.02%), followed by detachment (40.23%) and flat stoma (21.84%). The greatest number of complications occurred in the second week of the postoperative period. The average height of the stomas made was 10.6 mm. BMI was associated as a risk factor for the development of stoma complications. Of all the patients, 55 had follow-up until 6 months. Conclusion: Although our complication rate is high, this outcome is similar to others studies previously published. BMI was the unique risk factor associated with the development of stoma complications. New strategies related to the surgical technique can be developed to decrease our complication rate.

Estimación de la capacidad antioxidante de los alimentos ingeridos por la poblaclión española / Estimation of the antioxidant capacity of foods consumed by the spanish population

In the body, the reactions by which energy is created produce reactive oxygen molecules (ROS). ROS can damage biomolecules such as lipids, proteins, carbohydrates, proteins and DNA, which has been linked to chronic diseases such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory processes, diabetes and aging. Antioxidants present in foods can counteract the harmful effect of ROS. The aim of this study was to quantify the average intake of antioxidant capacity in the Spanish diet. For this purpose, average daily food intake published in the National Survey of Spanish Dietetics in 2011 and the database that has been published by the USDA (based on the ORAC) was used. The Spanish population surpassed the estimated daily recommendation of antioxidants and was superior to other countries that have similar diets.

En el organismo, las reacciones mediante las cuales se obtienen la energía producen moléculas reactivas de oxígeno (ROS). Los ROS pueden dañar biomoléculas como los lípidos, proteínas, hidratos de carbono, proteínas y el ADN; y esto han sido relacionados con enfermedades crónicas como el cáncer, enfermedades cardiovasculares, procesos inflamatorios, diabetes y el envejecimiento Los antioxidantes presentes en los alimentos pueden contrarrestar el efecto nocivo de los ROS. El objetivo de este estudio fue cuantificar mediante la ingesta media de los españoles de índice de capacidad antioxidante. Para ello se empleó la ingesta media de alimentos por día de los españoles publicada en la Encuesta Nacional de Dietética Española del año 2011 y la base de datos que ha publicado la USDA (basada en el ORAC). La población española superó la recomendación diaria estimada de antioxidantes, siendo incluso superior a otros países que siguen dietas muy similares.