Position paper on retinal arterial occlusion. SEMI-SERV.

The retina is an organ frequently affected by ischemic changes. Retinal arterial occlusion can be considered the equivalent of stroke, in terms of presentation, management and treatment. In addition to a specific ophthalmological treatment systemic management is essential with an appropriate study and control of cardiovascular risk factors considering these patients of a very high cardiovascular risk. In this consensus document we aim to provide an update on this relatively frequent pathology in our practices, considering the importance of an early and systematic action.

The SOL formulas for converting SMOG readability scores between health education materials written in Spanish, English, and French.

The SMOG formula is widely used to determine how easy written health education materials are to read and comprehend. This study was conducted to assess whether the SMOG formula, originally developed and tested in English, was also valid for texts written in Spanish and French. Readability scores from a sample of passages written in Spanish, English, and French were analyzed. Study results showed that the SMOG formula seemed to be consistent in measuring readability in the three languages. However, SMOG scores varied from language to language. Two hypotheses are being laid out to explain these results. First, the SMOG equation is systematically biased for texts in Spanish or French. Second, English is more readable than French, and French is more readable than Spanish. Under the assumption of a systematic bias in the SMOG formula, the so-called SOL formulas are presented here to convert SMOG scores between Spanish, English, and French. In addition, a new scale for grading reading difficulty is proposed based on SMOG scores obtained from classical literature. This is important to the extent that it will provide Spanish speaking and French speaking health communicators with a readability formula for preparing written materials appropriate to the level of comprehension of specific target audiences.

[Depressive states in sports]. / Estados depresivos en el deporte.

BACKGROUND: This study was carried out in the Sportive Medical Evaluation Center at the Complutense University in Madrid. Its major objective was to assess the prevalence of the Depression Status among professional sport men and women. METHODS: The Tetradimensional structured Test for depression was used for psychometric evaluation to compare two groups of 52 high competition sport men and women, and 50 university as the reference group. RESULTS: Study results show a 25% prevalence of depression status for the high competition sport group compared to a 2% prevalence for the reference group (p = 0.00079). CONCLUSIONS: These results seem to conform the association between high competition sport practice and the occurrence of depressive status.