[Food contribution to total daily energy intake in the Mexican population older than five years]. / Contribución de los alimentos a la ingesta total de energía en la dieta de los mexicanos mayores de cinco años.

OBJECTIVE: To identifiy the energy contribution (EC) of the food consumed in those older than five years and by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed data from 24-hour recalls from 7 983 subjects ≥5 years included in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). The EC to total daily energy intake of 50 foods allocated to eight food groups at national level and stratified by age, area of residence, region and socioeconomic level was estimated. RESULTS: Seven foods contributed 50% of total energy intake: tortilla and corn products (20.6%), sweet bread (6.6%), vegetable oils (4.9%), white bread and wheat products (4.9%), carbonated sugary drinks (4.6%), red meat (4.0%) and whole milk (4.0%). Other foods, which its consumption is recommended to increase due to its positive effects on health, showed minor contributions (less than 1.0%), with the exception of beans (3.3%). Great heterogeneity in intakes was observed between subgroups of the population. CONCLUSIONS: The identification of individual foods and their EC for both, food groups whose consumption should be increased as well as those that should be reduced can be useful for the design of regulatory actions and educational strategies aimed at reducing the diet related burden of disease.

OBJETIVO: Identificar la contribución a la ingesta de energía (CIE) de alimentos consumidos en mayores de cinco años y por características sociodemográficas, en la población mexicana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó información del recordatorio de 24 horas de 7 983 sujetos ≥5 años incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). Se estimó la CIE de 50 alimentos clasificados en ocho grupos de alimentos en el ámbito nacional, estratificando por edad, área de residencia, región y nivel socioeconómico. RESULTADOS: Siete alimentos contribuyeron con 50% de la ingesta energética total: tortilla y productos de maíz (20.6%), pan dulce (6.6%), aceites vegetales (4.9%), pan blanco y derivados de trigo (4.9%), bebidas azucaradas carbonatadas (4.6%), carnes rojas (4.0%) y leche entera (4.0%). Otros alimentos, cuyo consumo es recomendable aumentar por sus efectos positivos en salud, mostraron contribuciones menores a 1.0%, con excepción del frijol (3.3%). Se observó gran heterogeneidad en el consumo entre subgrupos de población. CONCLUSIONES: La identificación de los alimentos individuales y su CIE, tanto en grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo se recomienda aumentar, como en aquéllos que se recomienda reducir, puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de acciones regulatorias y estrategias educativas dirigidas a disminuir la carga de enfermedad relacionada con la dieta.

Contribución de los alimentos a la ingesta total de energía en la dieta de los mexicanos mayores de cinco años / Food contribution to total daily energy intake in the Mexican population older than five years

Resumen: Objetivo: Identificar la contribución a la ingesta de energía (CIE) de alimentos consumidos en mayores de cinco años y por características sociodemográficas, en la población mexicana. Material y métodos: Se analizó información del recordatorio de 24 horas de 7 983 sujetos ≥5 años incluidos en la Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012 (Ensanut 2012). Se estimó la CIE de 50 alimentos clasificados en ocho grupos de alimentos en el ámbito nacional, estratificando por edad, área de residencia, región y nivel socioeconómico. Resultados: Siete alimentos contribuyeron con 50% de la ingesta energética total: tortilla y productos de maíz (20.6%), pan dulce (6.6%), aceites vegetales (4.9%), pan blanco y derivados de trigo (4.9%), bebidas azucaradas carbonatadas (4.6%), carnes rojas (4.0%) y leche entera (4.0%). Otros alimentos, cuyo consumo es recomendable aumentar por sus efectos positivos en salud, mostraron contribuciones menores a 1.0%, con excepción del frijol (3.3%). Se observó gran heterogeneidad en el consumo entre subgrupos de población. Conclusión: La identificación de los alimentos individuales y su CIE, tanto en grupos de alimentos cuyo consumo se recomienda aumentar, como en aquéllos que se recomienda reducir, puede ser de utilidad para el diseño de acciones regulatorias y estrategias educativas dirigidas a disminuir la carga de enfermedad relacionada con la dieta.

Abstract: Objetive: To identifiy the energy contribution (EC) of the food consumed in those older than five years and by sociodemographic characteristics in Mexican population. Materials and methods: We analyzed data from 24-hour recalls from 7 983 subjects ≥5 years included in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición2012 (Ensanut 2012). The EC to total daily energy intake of 50 foods allocated to eight food groups at national level and stratified by age, area of residence, region and socioeconomic level was estimated. Results: Seven foods contributed 50% of total energy intake: tortilla and corn products (20.6%), sweet bread (6.6%), vegetable oils (4.9%), white bread and wheat products (4.9%), carbonated sugary drinks (4.6%), red meat (4.0%) and whole milk (4.0%). Other foods, which its consumption is recommended to increase due to its positive effects on health, showed minor contributions (less than 1.0%), with the exception of beans (3.3%). Great heterogeneity in intakes was observed between subgroups of the population. Conclusions: The identification of individual foods and their EC for both, food groups whose consumption should be increased as well as those that should be reduced can be useful for the design of regulatory actions and educational strategies aimed at reducing the diet related burden of disease.

Dietary patterns are associated with obesity in Mexican schoolchildren.

BACKGROUND: The prevalence of overweight and obesity in Mexican schoolchildren has increased in the past three decades. Dietary pattern approaches to assess diet have been used to study the relation between nutrition and chronic conditions. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to analyze the association between dietary patterns (DP) and overweight and obesity in Mexican schoolchildren. METHODS: We analyzed information from schoolchildren who participated in the National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT-2012). Dietary information was obtained through a 24-h recall of 2751 children (5-11 year). Foods were classified into 33 groups, and the DPs were identified by cluster analysis (k-means method). Weight and height were measured to estimate the body mass index (BMI), by classifying overweight if the Z score was >1 and ≤2 standard deviations (SD), and obesity when the Z score was >2SD. To analyze the association, a Poisson regression model was used, adjusting by age, region, area of residence, socioeconomic status (SES), and the survey design. RESULTS: Four DPs were identified: "Traditional", "Industrialized", "Varied", and "Modern". The "Modern" DP was associated with obesity (PR = 1.7) (p < 0.05) compared with the "Traditional" DP. CONCLUSIONS: The "Modern" DP could be influencing the development of obesity in Mexican schoolchildren. The promotion of healthy food and public health strategies to those food groups that should be discouraged are necessary to reverse the obesity epidemic in Mexican children.

[Position of the Latin American Society of Nutrition (SLAN) on the management of conflict of interest.] / Postura de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (SLAN) sobre el manejo de conflicto de intereses.

There is solid evidence documenting relationships between the food and beverage industry and academia that shows that industry sponsored research is likely to bias results in favor of industry. In Latin America, examples of these situations have been documented in Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador, among others. Due to the urgent need for studying and managing relationships between the food and beverage industry and the field of health and nutrition research, in 2017, the President of the Latin American Society of Nutrition (SLAN) appointed a Conflict of Interest Committee (CCI). The CCI was charged with the development of a proposal of a position for the management of conflict of interest (COI) for consideration by SLAN. This document details the work of CCI, and the position adopted by SLAN.

Existe evidencia sólida de la existencia de relaciones entre la industria de alimentos y bebidas y la academia. Ésta sugiere que la investigación patrocinada por la industria es susceptible de conferir sesgos a su favor en los resultados. En América Latina, se han documentado ejemplos de estas situaciones en México, Brasil, Chile, Perú, Colombia y Ecuador, por citar a algunos países. Ante la necesidad urgente de estudiar y gestionar las relaciones entre la industria de alimentos y bebidas y el campo de investigación en salud y nutrición, en 2017 el Presidente de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (SLAN) designó a un Comité de Conflicto de Intereses (CCI). El CCI tuvo la encomienda de hacer una propuesta de postura sobre manejo de conflicto de intereses (CDI) de la SLAN. El presente artículo refleja los trabajos del CCI y la postura que adoptó la SLAN.

Postura de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (SLAN) sobre el manejo de conflicto de intereses / Position of the Latin American Society of Nutrition (SLAN) on the management of conflict of interest

Resumen: Existe evidencia sólida de la existencia de relaciones entre la industria de alimentos y bebidas y la academia. Ésta sugiere que la investigación patrocinada por la industria es susceptible de conferir sesgos a su favor en los resultados. En América Latina, se han documentado ejemplos de estas situaciones en México, Brasil, Chile, Perú, Colombia y Ecuador, por citar a algunos países. Ante la necesidad urgente de estudiar y gestionar las relaciones entre la industria de alimentos y bebidas y el campo de investigación en salud y nutrición, en 2017 el Presidente de la Sociedad Latinoamericana de Nutrición (SLAN) designó a un Comité de Conflicto de Intereses (CCI). El CCI tuvo la encomienda de hacer una propuesta de postura sobre manejo de conflicto de intereses (CDI) de la SLAN. El presente artículo refleja los trabajos del CCI y la postura que adoptó la SLAN.

Abstract: There is solid evidence documenting relationships between the food and beverage industry and academia that shows that industry sponsored research is likely to bias results in favor of industry. In Latin America, examples of these situations have been documented in Mexico, Brazil, Chile, Peru, Colombia, and Ecuador, among others. Due to the urgent need for studying and managing relationships between the food and beverage industry and the field of health and nutrition research, in 2017, the President of the Latin American Society of Nutrition (SLAN) appointed a Conflict of Interest Committee (CCI). The CCI was charged with the development of a proposal of a position for the management of conflict of interest (COI) for consideration by SLAN. This document details the work of CCI, and the position adopted by SLAN.

Desarrollo de la capacidad para la regulación en salud en México.

La Academia Nacional de Medicina es un espacio esencial para discutir la ciencia de la regulación en salud y posicionar su impacto en la salud y la economía. Enmarcada dentro de la función rectora de la autoridad sanitaria, la regulación en salud es la acción de proteger a la población de los peligros sanitarios involuntarios contra los cuales el individuo no puede protegerse; es una función esencial de la salud pública, componente institucional del sistema de salud y, por ende, vinculada a sus reformas y a la cobertura universal. La regulación tiene sustento en un cuerpo teórico epidemiológico, organizacional, legal, sociológico y económico. Tiene un cuerpo metodológico que sustenta su proceso en el análisis de riesgos y se traduce en normas, implementaciones, cumplimiento, monitoreo y evaluación de la regulación. Tiene una arquitectura profesional, financiera, organizacional, legal y de gobernanza. Dada su acción universal tiene un impacto generalizado en la población y un sustancial efecto económico, influyendo en al menos 17 % del comercio internacional regional. La salud a través de sus autoridades regulatorias debe ser parte del dialogo comercial internacional.The National Academy of Medicine is an essential space to discuss regulatory science in health, and to position its impact on health and economy. Framed within the stewardship role of the health authority, health regulation is the action of protecting the population against involuntary health hazards against which the individual cannot protect him/herself. It is an essential function of public health, an institutional component of the health system and, therefore, linked to its reforms and to universal coverage. Regulation has its support on an epidemiological, organizational, legal, sociological and economic theoretical body. It has a methodological body that supports its regulatory process based on risk analysis and that is translated into regulations, implementations, compliance, monitoring and evaluation of the regulation. It has a professional, financial, organizational, legal and governance architecture. Given its universal action, it has a widespread impact on the population and a substantial economic effect, influencing on at least 17% of regional international trade. Health through its regulatory authorities should be an early part of international trade discussions.

Sociodemographic factors are associated with dietary patterns in Mexican schoolchildren.

OBJECTIVE: Childhood obesity has increased rapidly in Mexico, along with changes in the food environment. However, little is known about the dietary patterns (DP) of Mexican children. We aimed to characterize the DP of schoolchildren and to analyse their associations with sociodemographic factors. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis. Dietary and sociodemographic information was obtained, including a single 24 h recall, socio-economic status (SES), geographic region, area of residence and ethnicity. DP were defined with cluster analysis (using k-means). Multinomial logistic regression models, adjusted for the survey design, were used to assess associations between DP and sociodemographic variables. SETTING: 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey (ENSANUT-2012). SUBJECTS: Schoolchildren (n 2751) aged 5-11 years who participated in ENSANUT-2012. RESULTS: Four DP were identified: 'Traditional', 'Industrialized', 'Varied' and 'Modern'. Reported energy intake (mean (sd)) was lowest in the 'Traditional' and highest in the 'Industrialized' DP (7037 (3707) kJ/d (1682 (886) kcal/d) v. 8427 (3753) kJ/d (2014 (897) kcal/d), respectively, P<0·05). Significant differences in fat and fibre intakes were seen across DP. Non-indigenous v. indigenous children were 22·0 times (95 % CI 5·1, 93·6) more likely to have a 'Modern' rather than 'Traditional' DP. Relative likelihood of having an 'Industrialized' rather than 'Traditional' DP was 6·2 (95 % CI 3·9, 9·9) among schoolchildren from high SES v. low SES. CONCLUSIONS: Among Mexican schoolchildren, DP were associated with sociodemographic variables. Non-indigenous children were significantly more likely to consume a 'Modern' than a 'Traditional' DP. Children with higher SES were more likely to have an 'Industrialized' pattern. It is necessary to consider dietary characteristics in the different sociodemographic strata when dietary interventions are designed.

Association between Plain Water and Sugar-Sweetened Beverages and Total Energy Intake among Mexican School-Age Children.

Water consumption promotes a decrease in total diet energy intake, and one explanation for this fact is the replacement of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) by plain water (PW). The objective of this study was to analyze the association between SSB and PW consumption as a part of the total energy intake. Dietary information was obtained by one 24 h recall of 2536 school-age children who participated in the National Nutrition Survey in Mexico. PW and SSB consumption was measured in mL and servings (240 mL), and consumption was stratified into two levels (<2 and ≥2 servings/day). Linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between PW and SSB consumption in relation to total energy intake. Models were adjusted for age, sex, the proportion of energy obtained from non-beverage food, area of residence, and socioeconomic status (based on information regarding housing conditions and ownership of home appliances). PW consumption at the national level was two servings/day, and was not associated with total energy intake. However, the combination of the high consumption of PW and the low consumption of SSB was associated with less total energy intake (p < 0.05). Promoting higher PW and lower SSB consumption provides a useful public health strategy for reducing total energy intake and preventing overconsumption among Mexican school-age children.