A descriptive bibliometric study on bioavailability of pesticides in vegetables, food or wine research (1976-2018).

A bibliometric analysis based on the Web of Science© (WOS) database was performed on bioavailability of pesticides in vegetables, food or wine related studies published from inception to 2018. A total of 1202 articles were subjected to examination. The results reveal that yearly production of scientific articles increased steadily. Journal and institution production, and author's keywords frequencies followed the Lotka's Law. Khan SU and White JC were the most productive authors. The most productive journals were Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry (55), and Journal of Ethnopharmacology (48), and the most common WOS subject category was Pharmacology & Pharmacy (419). USA (h-index of 40) produced 21.7 % of all articles, closely followed by China (20.6 %). Chinese Academy of Sciences (34) was the most productive research institutions. Finally, current and future trends in this area should focus on keywords such as pharmacokinetics, curcumin, in-vitro, nanoparticles, oral (bioavailability) and cell.

An approach to gut microbiota profile in children with autism spectrum disorder.

In recent years, there has been an increase in studies on the implications of gut microbiota (GM) on the behaviour of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) due to a dysbiosis in GM that can trigger onset, development or progression of ASD through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. The aim of this study is to carry out a systematic review of articles from the last 6 years that analyse GM in children with ASD compared to GM in control groups. Children with ASD showed a higher abundance of Roseburia and Candida genera, and lower abundance of Dialister, Bilophila, Veillonella, Streptococcus, Coprococcus and Prevotella genera. Those differences can be attributed to factors such as different nationalities, nature of control groups, place where the sample was taken, gastrointestinal (GI) problems or bacterial detection methods. It is still too early to define a specific GM profile of children with ASD, and future studies should focus on homogenizing the characteristics of samples and control groups. Furthermore, new multicentre studies should also focus on the impact of GM on GI physiology, neurophysiology and behaviour of children with ASD, and on performing psychometric analyses of the correlation between the severity of ASD behavioural symptoms and GM profiles.

Candida spp. en la microbiota intestinal de las personas con autismo: revisión sistemática / Candida spp. in the gut microbiota of people with autism: a systematic review

Introducción. Existe gran interés en los estudios sobre las implicaciones que la microbiota intestinal ejerce en el comportamiento de personas con trastornos del espectro autista (TEA) a través del eje microbiota-intestino-cerebro. La mayoría de los estudios sobre microbiota están enfocados en la posible implicación de las bacterias sobre personas con TEA, pero pocos versan sobre el efecto de los microorganismos del reino Fungi. Sujetos y métodos. Se realiza una revisión sistemática mediante el protocolo PRISMA de la presencia de Candida spp. en las personas con TEA. Resultados. Se encontró un total de tres artículos tras aplicar los criterios de exclusión e inclusión de la revisión sistemática. Dos estudios coincidieron en mostrar diferencias significativas en el aumento de la frecuencia del género Candida spp. en personas con TEA, mientras que en otro no se hallaron diferencias. Conclusiones. Pese a que existe una clara falta de investigación tanto del género Candida ssp. como de todo el reino Fungi en las personas con TEA, los estudios apuntan a una importante presencia de dicho género en este colectivo. Concretamente, en los resultados encontrados se destaca la mayor prevalencia del género C. albicans en los niños con TEA. Sin embargo, aún se sabe poco sobre la implicación de Candida spp. y otros tipos de hongos sobre los síntomas gastrointestinales y la sintomatología del autismo en niños con TEA

Introduction. There is great interest in studies on the implications that gut microbiota exerts on the behavior of people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD), through the microbiota-gut-brain axis. Most studies on microbiota are focused on the possible involvement of bacteria on people with ASD, but few of them are focussed on the effect of microorganisms in the Fungi kingdom. Subjects and methods. The present study performs a systematic review of the presence of Candida spp. in people with ASD using the PRISMA method. Results. A total of three articles were found after applying the exclusion and inclusion criteria of the systematic review. Two studies coincided in reporting significant differences in the increase in the frequency of the Candida spp. genus in people with ASD. while the third study did not report significant differences of Candida spp. genus between people with ASD. Conclusions. Although there is a clear lack of investigation of both the Candida ssp. genus and the whole Fungi kingdom in people with ASD, the studies point to an important presence of this genre in this group. Specifically, in the results found in this review, the highest prevalence of the C. albicans in children with ASD stands out. However, little is still known about the involvement of Candida spp., and other types of fungi, on gastrointestinal symptoms and ASD symptoms, in children with ASD

Domestic wastewaters reuse reclaimed by an improved horizontal subsurface-flow constructed wetland: A case study in the southeast of Spain.

The aim of this case study was to assess the performance of a horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland (HF-CW) located in southeastern Spain, filled with blast furnace slags (BFS), planted with Phragmites australis and designed to treat artificially aerated domestic wastewater to produce effluents suitable for agriculture reuse. The water quality parameters, included in the Spanish regulations for reclaimed wastewater reuse as agricultural quality 2.1, were monitored for one year. Data for all studied parameters, except electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), met the Spanish standards for reclaimed wastewater reuse due to the high evapotranspiration (ET) during the summer. The introduced improvements were effective for turbidity, total suspended solids (TSS), total nitrogen (TN), Escherichia coli (E. coli) and, specially, for total phosphorus (TP) with an average abatement of 96.9±1.7%. The improved HF-CW achieved similar or better percentage abatements than those reported using some hybrid systems.

Microbiological and Sensory Quality of Fresh Ready-to-Eat Artichoke Hearts Packaged under Modified Atmosphere.

In recent years the sales of minimally processed vegetables have grown exponentially as a result of changes in consumer habits. The availability of artichoke buds as a ready-to-eat product would be, therefore, highly advantageous. However, minimally processed artichoke hearts are difficult to preserve because of their rapid browning and the proliferation of naturally occurring microorganisms. We developed artichoke hearts prepared as ready-to-eat products that maintain the characteristics of the fresh product. The microbiological stability, sensory qualities, and shelf life of the processed artichoke hearts were determined. During the shelf life, Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, and Escherichia coli counts were below the limits legally established by European regulations for minimally processed vegetables. The pH played an important role in microbial growth. Artichoke hearts had lower microbial counts in experiments conducted at pH 4.1 than in experiments conducted at pH 4.4, although the recommended threshold value for total plate count (7 log CFU/g) was not exceeded in either case. Sensory parameters were affected by the microorganisms, and artichoke products at lower pH had better sensory qualities. Vacuum impregnation techniques, modified atmosphere packaging, and low storage temperature were very effective for increasing the shelf life of minimally processed artichokes. The average shelf life was approximately 12 to 15 days.

Interacciones farmacológicas en una unidad de cuidados paliativos / Drug interactions in a palliative care unit

Objetivo: Evaluar y describir las potenciales interacciones farmacológicas (PIF) en pacientes atendidos por un equipo de soporte de cuidados paliativos (ESCP).Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal que analiza los tratamientos de 205 pacientes atendidos por el ESCP de Zamora en el periodo 2005-2008. De las historias clínicas se obtuvo sexo, fecha de nacimiento y tratamiento. Las PIF se valoraron con la base de datos «Stockley Interacciones farmacológicas». Se realizó análisis estadístico descriptivo, correlación de Spearman y test de Chi cuadrado. Resultados: La media de edad fue de 73,22 años (desviación estándar [DE]: 12,06; intervalo de confianza del 95% [IC 95%]: 71,56-74,88); el 57,6% fueron hombres. El promedio de medicamentos por paciente fue 10,87 (DE: 4,18; IC 95%: 10,30-11,45). El 95,12% de los pacientes tuvieron PIF, con un promedio de 6,44 por paciente (DE: 6,81; IC 95%: 5,50-7,38). El 42,80%fueron graves, el 51,29% moderadas y el 5,91% leves. El 18% de los pacientes tuvieron bomba de infusión continua. El promedio de medicamentos por paciente fue 2,40 (DE: 0,99; IC 95%: 2,11-2,70).Los fármacos más implicados fueron opioides, benzodiacepinas, antidepresivos, analgésicos, diuréticos, corticoides, antipsicóticos y AINE. La existencia de PIF se correlacionó con el número máximo de fármacos por paciente (p < 0,01). El 63,9% de los pacientes con interacciones graves tomaban más de 10 fármacos (p < 0,05).Conclusiones: Es importante identificar los medicamentos más implicados en las interacciones farmacológicas en los pacientes atendidos por los ESCP, para minimizar los riesgos derivados de la polimedicación, asegurar un uso adecuado de los medicamentos, evitar reacciones adversas y mejorar la calidad de la atención a estos pacientes (AU)

Objective: To describe and evaluate the potential drug interactions (PDI) in patients cared for by a Support Team for Palliative Care Support Team (PCST).Material and methods: Cross-sectional descriptive study that analyses the treatments prescribed to 205 patients treated by the Zamora PCST during the period 2005-2008. Data regarding patient gender, date of birth and treatment were collected from medical records. The PDI were assessed using the database ‘‘Stockley drug interactions’’. Descriptive statistical analysis, correlation of Spearman and Chi-square test were also carried out. Results: The average age of the patients was 73.22 years (standard deviation [SD]: 12.06; 95%confidence interval [95% CI]: 71.56-74.88); 57.6% were men. The average number of medications per patient was 10.87 (SD: 4.18; 95% CI: 10.30-11.45). 95.12% of the patients had PDI with an average of 6.44 per patient (SD: 6.81; 95% CI: 5.50-7.38). 42.80% were major; 51.29% moderate; and 5.91% minor severity. Eighteen per cent of patients had a continuous infusion pump (CIP). The average number of medications per patient was 2.40 (SD: 0.99; 95% CI: 2.11-2.70).The drugs most involved were opioids, benzodiazepines, antidepressants, analgesics, diuretics, corticosteroids, antipsychotics and NSAIDs. The existence of a PDI correlated with the maximum number of drugs prescribed to each patient (P < .01). 63.9% of patients with serious interactions taking more than 10 drugs (P < .05).Conclusions: It is important to identify the drugs most commonly involved in drug interactions in patients treated by a PCST to minimise the risks of polypharmacy, ensure the proper use of medications, avoid significant adverse reactions and improve the quality of care these patients receive (AU)