Migration Intentions and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents in West-Central Mexico.

This study explores the association between migration intentions and alcohol use among west-central Mexico adolescents living in high migration communities. This study used the baseline data from the Family Migration and Early Life Outcomes (FAMELO) project (N = 1286), collected in 2018. We used multiple imputations to address missingness and propensity score matching to reduce the selection bias. We also conducted subgroup analyses to compare gender difference (i.e., boys vs. girls) on the relationship between migration intention and alcohol use. The findings show that for the whole sample, youth with migration intentions had significant higher odds (OR = 1.78; p = .010) of having a lifetime drinking experience when compared to youth who reported no interest in living abroad, but this association remained significant only for boys (OR = 2.14; p = .010). This study makes an important contribution to our understanding of the etiology of migration intentions and alcohol use for adolescents living in sending migration communities. The findings have specific alcohol prevention, policy, and future research implications in Mexico and the U.S.

Urban Violence, Migration and Alcohol, Tobacco, and Marijuana Use among Transnational Students in Northern Mexico.

This article reports on the findings of a study of the relationship between transnational experiences in the United States (US) and the use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among 7th grade students (n = 1418). The study was guided by a cross-national framework for research on immigrant health and assessed the accumulation of risk factors for transnational adolescents. Data came from a survey conducted in 2017 in Nogales, Mexico. In this study, the last 30-day prevalence of use of alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana among students was 21.7%, 8.3%, and 2.4%, respectively. Most students were born in Nogales (69.6%), while 10.5% were born in the US, 7.5% attended school in the US, and 3.6% engaged in health-related risk behaviors while living in or visiting the US. Students with transnational experiences, such as attending school in the US, reported the highest 30-day prevalence of tobacco (13.3%) and marijuana (9.5%) use. After adjusting for family, school, access to substances and neighborhood violence variables, students who engaged in health-related risk behavior in the US had significantly increased odds of alcohol and marijuana use while later attending school in Mexico. The article discusses the findings from a prevention science perspective and provides implications for policy, practice, and future research on the Mexico-US border region.

Testing a Culturally Adapted Youth Substance Use Prevention Program in a Mexican Border City: Mantente REAL.

Background: This article reports on a test of a youth substance use prevention program conducted in Nogales-Sonora, a Mexican city on the US border. Objective: The study tested the efficacy of a version of the keepin' it REAL curriculum for middle school students that was culturally adapted for Mexico and renamed Mantente REAL. Methods: Students in 7th grade classrooms in four public schools participated in the study (N = 1,418, 49% female, mean age = 11.9). Using a clustered randomized design, two schools received the intervention and two served as a treatment-as-usual control group. Regular classroom teachers were trained to deliver the twelve-lesson Mantente REAL manualized curriculum. Parents provided active consent and students gave written assent to collect pretest and posttest questionnaire data, 7 months apart, at the beginning and end of the 2017-2018 academic year. We assessed the Mantente REAL intervention with general linear models adjusted for baseline, attrition, non-linear distributions, and school-level clustering. Results: Students who participated in Mantente REAL reported relatively less frequent use of alcohol and illicit drugs other than marijuana, compared to students in control schools. Males alone reported desirable intervention effects for marijuana use. These desirable effects were especially strong among students who reported higher initial levels of involvement in risky behaviors. Among students more at risk, both females and males receiving the program reported relative reductions in the frequency of use of alcohol and illicit drugs. Conclusions: These promising results within the Mexico-US border context support a further dissemination of the intervention and additional youth prevention research in the region.

The effect of pelvic pain and urinary incontinence on women's self-rated health in northern Mexico.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to assess the effect of gynecological morbidities on Mexican women's self-rated health status and emotional health. METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted among Mexican women aged 25-54. We analyzed information on 1,303 participants living in Hermosillo, Mexico. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess the effect of having any one of three kinds of pelvic pain, urinary incontinence or both of these conditions on women's self-rated health. Additionally, we conducted analysis of variance and multiple linear regression to test the effect of these gynecological morbidities on women's self-reported emotional health. RESULTS: Nearly one-third (31.2%) of participants rated their health as fair to very poor. Women reporting of at least one gynecological morbidity were more likely to rate their health as fair to very poor. In adjusted analyses, in addition to older age, low educational attainment, marital status other than single, lack of access to medical care, recurrent kidney infection, asthma, diabetes, and, reporting one or concurrent gynecological morbidities were associated with increased odds (adjusted odds ratios = 1.53-3.91) of reporting fair to very poor self-rated health. Women who did not report any gynecological morbidity had significantly lower mean scores for anxiety/fear 0.30 (±0.30) than women with two to four conditions (anxiety/fear 0.45 ± 0.31). CONCLUSION: Pelvic pain, urinary incontinence, and the co-occurrence of these conditions have a negative impact on women's perception of their health status and their emotional health.

Measuring urinary incontinence in a population of women in northern Mexico: prevalence and severity.

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: This study was designed to estimate the prevalence of urinary incontinence and its associated risk factors among women in northern Mexico. The type and severity of incontinence were also assessed. METHODS: This cross-sectional population-based study assessed self-reported urinary incontinence in a random sample of 1,307 women aged 25-54 years. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association of urinary incontinence with sociodemographic and reproductive characteristics and other medical conditions. RESULTS: Overall, 18.4% of participants reported having involuntary loss of urine at some time within the last 12 months (95% CI, 16.4-20.7%). Among women reporting urinary incontinence, stress incontinence was the most common form (56.8%), followed by mixed (31.1%) and urge incontinence (10.0%). Approximately half of the women with urinary incontinence symptoms reported a severity index of moderate (25.8%) to severe (26.2%), with 30% stating that their leakage was extremely bothersome. Forty percent of incontinent women reported use of some sort of protection, although only 28% had ever talked to a physician about their symptoms. In adjusted analyses, high body mass index (BMI) ≥ 25 kg/m(2), chronic urinary tract infections, and a history of a hysterectomy or uterine leiomyomata were associated with increased odds of reporting incontinence symptoms. Increased odds of reporting severe urinary incontinence was associated with chronic urinary tract infections, current smoking and high BMI. CONCLUSION: Our results suggest that there might be a need to develop a culturally sensitive screening questionnaire in order to identify and counsel women with mild incontinence symptoms in the primary care setting.

Neighborhood socio-environmental vulnerability and infant mortality in Hermosillo, Sonora / Vulnerabilidad socioambiental y mortalidad infantil en barrios de Hermosillo, Sonora

OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the impact of contextual variables at the neighborhood level on a health marker in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico and discusses the importance of collaboration between planners and health professional to minimize the negative effect of contextual factors on urban health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Few studies in Mexico have assessed health outcomes at the intra-urban scale and their interaction with neighborhood-level contextual variables. Using spatial analysis and geographical information systems, the paper explores the association between infant mortality and an index of socio-environmental vulnerability used to measure urban contextual factors. RESULTS: Two high infant mortality clusters were detected within neighborhoods characterized by relatively good environmental conditions and one in a neighborhood with a poor environment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the clustering of high infant mortality areas and some association with built environment factors in Hermosillo. The results support the need to reconnect public health and urban planning as a way to create healthier environments in Mexican cities.

OBJETIVO: Este artículo explora el papel de factores contextuales a nivel de colonia sobre un marcador de salud en la ciudad de Hermosillo, México y discute la importancia de la colaboración entre planificadores urbanos y profesionales de la salud para minimizar el impacto negativo de factores contextuales sobre la salud de la población urbana. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Pocos estudios en México han evaluado las condiciones de salud a escala intra-urbana y su interacción con variables contextuales a nivel de colonia. Utilizando análisis espacial y sistemas de información geográfica, el artículo explora la relación entre mortalidad infantil y un índice de vulnerabilidad socio-ambiental construido para medir factores contextuales urbanos. RESULTADOS: Dos conglomerados de alta mortalidad infantil fueron detectados dentro de colonias caracterizadas por condiciones ambientales relativamente buenas y uno en una colonia con un ambiente pobre. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican la formación de conglomerados de alta mortalidad infantil y una conexión moderada con factores del medio ambiente construido en Hermosillo. Estos resultados apoyan la necesidad de reconectar la salud pública y la planeación urbana como un método para crear ambientes más sanos en las ciudades de México.

Neighborhood socio-environmental vulnerability and infant mortality in Hermosillo, Sonora.

OBJECTIVE: This paper explores the impact of contextual variables at the neighborhood level on a health marker in the city of Hermosillo, Mexico and discusses the importance of collaboration between planners and health professional to minimize the negative effect of contextual factors on urban health. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Few studies in Mexico have assessed health outcomes at the intra-urban scale and their interaction with neighborhood-level contextual variables. Using spatial analysis and geographical information systems, the paper explores the association between infant mortality and an index of socio-environmental vulnerability used to measure urban contextual factors. RESULTS: Two high infant mortality clusters were detected within neighborhoods characterized by relatively good environmental conditions and one in a neighborhood with a poor environment. CONCLUSIONS: Our results show the clustering of high infant mortality areas and some association with built environment factors in Hermosillo. The results support the need to reconnect public health and urban planning as a way to create healthier environments in Mexican cities.

Hopelessness, family stress, and depression among Mexican-heritage mothers in the southwest.

This article reports on the findings of a study conducted with a sample of 136 Mexican-heritage mothers residing in a large southwestern metropolitan area. From a risk-and-resiliency perspective, hopelessness was approached as a culturally specific response to family stress and other challenges encountered by Mexican immigrants. Although Mexican-heritage women and other Latinas have higher prevalence rates of psychiatric disorders than their male counterparts, they experience disparity in accessing mental health services. Multiple regression analysis was used to explore the relationships among hopelessness, depression, social support, and other variables. Culturally rooted resiliency and a sense of optimism connected to immigration appear to shelter Mexican-heritage mothers from hopelessness and depression. A very large households and nonworking status were found to elevate the risk of hopelessness. Because poverty and acculturation levels were not related to hopelessness or depression, further culturally specific research distinguishing hopelessness from depression is recommended. Given that hopelessness sometimes presents itself independently from depression, implications for practice include the need to refine mental health assessment tools to capitalize on the resiliency among immigrant mothers and avoid misdiagnosis.

Pelvic pain and associated characteristics among women in northern Mexico.

CONTEXT: Until recently, the reproductive health agenda has focused on a restricted number of morbidity indicators, particularly those associated with life-threatening diseases. However, gynecologic morbidities that are a source of pelvic pain, although not life-threatening, do impose a substantial burden because of their potential to reduce women's overall well-being. METHODS: In 2005, a cross-sectional population-based study was conducted in Hermosillo, Mexico, to assess self- reported pelvic pain conditions in a random sample of 1,307 women aged 25-54. The 12-month prevalence of each condition was calculated, and logistic regression was used to assess the association between pelvic pain and social, demographic, anthropometric and reproductive characteristics, and other medical conditions. RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of pelvic pain during menstruation among 1,007 menstruating women was 40%. Pelvic pain during or after sexual intercourse was reported by 12% of the 1,183 sexually active respondents. Among 1,201 nonpregnant women, 6% reported chronic pelvic pain. In adjusted analyses, younger age (25-34 years) and having a history of STIs or pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) were associated with an increased risk of pain during menstruation and chronic pelvic pain (odds ratios, 1.6-3.1). An interaction term for younger age and history of STIs or PID was associated with an elevated risk of intercourse-related pelvic pain (6.4). Chronic pelvic pain and pain during menstruation were more frequently reported as interfering with daily activities than was intercourse-related pelvic pain. The proportion of women who had talked with a physician about their condition was highest among those with chronic pelvic pain (40%). CONCLUSION: Pelvic pain associated with menstruation, pelvic pain during or after sexual intercourse, and chronic pelvic pain are common complaints among Mexican women of reproductive age. Health care providers should pay greater attention to these conditions.

[When coitus produce pain: an exploration of female sexuality in northwest Mexico]. / Cuando el coito produce dolor: una exploración de la sexualidad femenina en el noroeste de México.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia among women aged 25-54 and its associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora and data from 1,183 sexually active women were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression was computed to analyze the association between dyspareunia and sociodemographic characteristics, medical conditions and sexual violence. RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of dyspareunia was estimated to be 12.3% (95% CI 10.5, 14.4). After adjustment for working conditions, dyspareunia was associated with younger ages (25-34 years), history of sexually transmitted diseases/pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic urinary tract infections, colitis and history of sexual violence. CONCLUSION: Increased attention to this condition by reproductive health programs and primary care services is urgently needed in Mexico.

Cuando el coito produce dolor: una exploración de la sexualidad femenina en el noroeste de México / When coitus produce pain: an exploration of female sexuality in northwest Mexico

OBJETIVO: Determinar la prevalencia de dispareunia y los factores de riesgo asociados en población femenina en edades de 25 a 54 años. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Se analizó información de 1183 mujeres sexualmente activas que participaron en un estudio poblacional de tipo transversal en la ciudad de Hermosillo, Sonora. La asociación entre dispareunia y variables sociodemográficas, antecedentes médicos y violencia sexual se analizó usando regresión logística múltiple. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de dispareunia durante el año previo a la encuesta fue de 12.3 por ciento (IC 95 por ciento 10.5-14.4 por ciento). Después de controlar por la ocupación, se encontró que la dispareunia estuvo asociada con mujeres jóvenes (25-34 años), antecedentes de enfermedades de transmisión sexual y/o enfermedad inflamatoria de la pelvis, infección urinaria crónica, colitis y violencia sexual. CONCLUSIÓN: Es urgente incrementar el escrutinio y la atención de la dispareunia en el contexto de los programas nacionales de salud sexual y reproductiva y en los servicios de atención primaria a la salud.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence of dyspareunia among women aged 25-54 and its associated risk factors. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A cross-sectional population-based study was carried out in the city of Hermosillo, Sonora and data from 1183 sexually active women were analyzed. A multiple logistic regression was computed to analyze the association between dyspareunia and sociodemographic characteristics, medical conditions and sexual violence. RESULTS: The 12-month prevalence of dyspareunia was estimated to be 12.3 percent (95 percent CI 10.5, 14.4). After adjustment for working conditions, dyspareunia was associated with younger ages (25-34 years), history of sexually transmitted diseases/pelvic inflammatory disease, chronic urinary tract infections, colitis and history of sexual violence. CONCLUSION: Increased attention to this condition by reproductive health programs and primary care services is urgently needed in Mexico.

Estudio comparativo de la anatomia con la tomografia axial computarizada cerebral / Comparative study of the anatomy with the cerebral computerized axial tomography

En un estudio tomográfico de cráneo se observan cortes del mismo a diferentes distancias, son pocas las estructuras que son plenamente reconocidas por una gran parte de los profesionales en Medicina. En este trabajo hemos comparado las imágenes de estudio tomográfico en los cortes 5,6,8,9 y 12 con cortes realizados a encéfalos humanos del anfiteatro de la facultad de Medicina de la U.M.RP.S.F.X.CH evidenciando las estructuras que son visibles en la tomografia en cada corte y contrastando esta imagen con la correspondiente del encéfalo humano.

Astracitoma Cerebral: Presentacion de cinco casos / Brein astrocytomas: presentation of five cases

Los astrocitomas son un tipo de gliomas que cresen a partir de los tejidos que sostienen y rodean a las celulas nerviosas. El astrocitoma comprende un grupo de tumores con formas y conductas biologicas muy diferente, Rusel y Rubistein subdividieron en cinco grupos 1.- protoplasmico, 2.- fibrilar, 3.- piloquistico, 4.- gemiquistico, 5.- anaplastico. Tiene una mayor frecuencia en elsexo masculino y la raza blanca entre los 30 a 50 años de eda, la localizacion mas frecuente es la de los lobulos, frontal parietal y temporal. La terapia quirurgica pretende mejorar la calidad y aumentar el tiempo devida delos pacientes que ira en relacion al grado de malignidad. El astrocitoma anaplasico es la variante mas frecuente y maligna delos tumores astrociticos con tiempo de sobrevida corto. Se estudio retrospectivamente a todoslos pacientes con neoplasias astrogliales malignas atendidos en el Hospital Jaime Mendoza de 1993 al 2002, siendo un total de 5.1 de sexo masculino y 4 de sexo femenino comprendidoentre 28 y 66 años de edad. Presentamos tres casos en los que realizo un analisis clinico, histopatologico e imagenologico: el tratamiento y la evolucion. La clinica mas llamativa que presentaron fueron cefaleas, convulsiones, deficit motor y alteraciones del estado de la consiencia. Las tomografias mostraron imagenas hipodensas con edema pri tumoral. En la creanotomia se realizo exeresis del tumor y muestra de biopsia cuyos resultados muestran distintos grados histopatologicos. Se utilizo radioterapia y quimioterapia con diversos resultados,desafortunadamente estos pacientes se pierden por ser transferidos a la ciudad de La Paz.

Electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida: fundamentos, actualidad e importancia / Electrophoresis in polyacrylamide gels: foundations, present time and importance

Mediante la electroforesis es posible separar moléculas biológicas en dependencia fundamentalmente de su carga bajo la influencia de un campo eléctrico. Se dio una visión general de la electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida para proteínas en condiciones nativas o desnaturalizadas, se incorporaron nuevos conocimientos tomados de la literatura reciente a los conceptos tradicionales de este método, como son la adición de compuestos de restricción de la difusión y que aumentan la estabilidad de los geles. Se ejemplificó el comportamiento anómalo de algunas proteínas en la determinación del peso molecular por electroforesis en geles de poliacrilamida en condiciones desnaturalizadas(AU)