Factores predictores del deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 60 años / Predictive factors of cognitive impairment in people over 60

Objetivo: Determinar la asociación de síntomas depresivos, la calidad del sueño, el estado nutricional y la velocidad de la marcha con el deterioro cognitivo de las personas de más de 60 años. Método: Estudio de corte transversal con diseño correlacional con un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. La población estuvo conformada por personas mayores de 60 o más años de edad pertenecientes a centros de día para adultos mayores de un área urbana de Tamaulipas, México. Se utilizaron 3 test neuropsicológicos (Stroop, Trazos de colores e Intervalo de dígitos) la Escala de depresión geriátrica, el Índice de calidad del sueño de Pittsburgh, el Mini Nutritional Assessment y la Batería corta de desempeño. Resultados: La muestra final fue de 108 adultos mayores. En cuanto a la influencia de los factores de riesgo para predecir el deterioro cognitivo se observó un modelo significativo (F=12,914, gl=4, p≥0,001), mostrando una varianza explicada de 33,4%, donde los síntomas depresivos (β=0,205; p=0,048), el sueño (β=–0,322, p=0,001), el estado nutricional (β=–0,336, p=0,001) y la velocidad de la marcha (β=0,244, p=0,004) se asociaron con el deterioro cognitivo. Conclusiones: Niveles altos de síntomas depresivos, horas de sueño prolongadas, un estado de malnutrición y una velocidad de marcha lenta se asociaron con el deterioro cognitivo de las personas de más de 60 años, lo cual aporta conocimientos para la implementación de intervenciones dirigidas a prevenir los factores de riesgo que predicen el deterioro cognitivo para así retardar su aparición.

Objective: To determine the relationship of depressive symptoms, sleep hygiene, nutritional status and gait speed with cognitive impairment in people over 60 years. Method: Cross-sectional, correlational design with a non-probability convenience sampling. The population was made up of people over 60 years of age belonging to recreational stays in an urban area of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Criterion measures included three neuropsychological tests (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span Subtest) the Geriatric Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Short Physical Performance Battery. Results: The final sample was of 108 participants. Regarding the influence of risk factors to predict cognitive impairment a significant model was observed (F=12.914, gl=4, P≥.001), showing a variance explained of 33.4%, where depressive symptoms (β=.205, P=.048), sleep (β=–.322, P=.001), nutritional status (β=–.336, P=.001) and gait speed (β=.244, P=.004) were associated with cognitive impairment. Conclusions: High levels of depressive symptoms, prolonged sleep duration, a malnutrition status and a slow gait speed predict cognitive impairment of the people over 60 years, this provides knowledge for the implementation of interventions aimed at preventing the risk factors that predict cognitive decline in order to delay its appearance.(AU)

Predictive factors of cognitive impairment in people over 60. / Factores predictores del deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores de 60 años.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the relationship of depressive symptoms, sleep hygiene, nutritional status and gait speed with cognitive impairment in people over 60 years. METHOD: Cross-sectional, correlational design with a non-probability convenience sampling. The population was made up of people over 60 years of age belonging to recreational stays in an urban area of Tamaulipas, Mexico. Criterion measures included three neuropsychological tests (Stroop Test, Trail Making Test and Digit Span Subtest) the Geriatric Depression Scale, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, Mini Nutritional Assessment and the Short Physical Performance Battery. RESULTS: The final sample was of 108 participants. Regarding the influence of risk factors to predict cognitive impairment a significant model was observed (F=12.914, gl=4, P≥.001), showing a variance explained of 33.4%, where depressive symptoms (ß=.205, P=.048), sleep (ß=-.322, P=.001), nutritional status (ß=-.336, P=.001) and gait speed (ß=.244, P=.004) were associated with cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of depressive symptoms, prolonged sleep duration, a malnutrition status and a slow gait speed predict cognitive impairment of the people over 60 years, this provides knowledge for the implementation of interventions aimed at preventing the risk factors that predict cognitive decline in order to delay its appearance.

Nursing Course on Drug Addiction and its Effects on Beliefs and Intentions: A Quasi-experimental Study / Asignatura de Enfermería sobre drogodependencias y sus efectos sobre las creencias e intenciones: estudio cuasi experimental / Disciplina de toxicodependências no curso de Enfermagem e seus efeitos sobre crenças e intenções: estudo quase experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: To determine the impact of a course aimed at the care of persons with drug dependence on the beliefs and intentions of drug use among bachelor nursing students. Materials and methods: A quasi-experimental study conducted with a non-equivalent comparison group composed of 210 Mexican students of both sexes. Two Likert-type instruments were used to measure the beliefs and intentions of drug use, before and after a semester-long course. Results: At the end of the study, a significant interaction was found (F = 3.56, p = 0.050, η2p = 0.025), which suggests a greater decrease in beliefs in favor of drug use among students who took the course on drug addiction. Regarding drug use intentions, a general decrease was observed in the entire sample (F = 10.13, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.059). Conclusions: Courses on the care of drug addiction can have beneficial effects on nursing students by modifying beliefs and intentions to carry out unhealthy behaviors such as the use of substances. These results demand to verify if the effects remain beyond the completion of university education.

RESUMEN Objetivo: determinar el impacto de una asignatura orientada al cuidado de usuarios drogodependientes sobre las creencias e intenciones del uso de drogas en estudiantes de la Licenciatura en Enfermería. Materiales y métodos: estudio cuasi experimental con un grupo de comparación no equivalente realizado en 210 estudiantes mexicanos de ambos sexos. Se utilizaron dos instrumentos tipo Likert para medir las creencias e intenciones del uso de drogas, antes y después de una asignatura con duración de un semestre. Resultados: al final del estudio, se encontró una interacción significativa (F = 3,56, p = 0,050, η2p = 0,025), que sugiere una mayor disminución de las creencias a favor de las drogas entre los estudiantes que cursaron la asignatura sobre drogodependencias. Respecto a las intenciones del uso de drogas, se apreció una disminución generalizada en toda la muestra (F = 10,13, p = 0,002, η2p = 0,059). Conclusiones: las asignaturas sobre cuidados en las drogodependencias pueden tener efectos beneficiosos en los estudiantes de Enfermería al modificar las creencias y las intenciones de llevar a cabo conductas no saludables como el uso de sustancias. Los resultados demandan revisar si los efectos permanecen más allá de la finalización de los estudios universitarios.

RESUMO Objetivo: determinar o impacto de uma disciplina orientada ao cuidado de pessoas toxicodependentes sobre as crenças e intenções do uso de drogas em estudantes de Enfermagem. Materiais e métodos: estudo quase experimental com um grupo de comparação não equivalente, realizado com 210 estudantes mexicanos de ambos os sexos. Foram utilizados dois instrumentos tipo Likert para medir as crenças e intenções do uso de drogas, antes e depois de terem aula da referida disciplina durante um semestre. Resultados: no final do estudo, verificou-se uma interação significativa (F = 3,56; p = 0,050; h2p = 0,025) que sugere uma maior diminuição das crenças a favor das drogas nos estudantes da matéria sobre toxicodependência. Quanto às intenções do uso de drogas, constatou-se uma diminuição generalizada em toda a amostra (F = 10,13; p = 0,002; h2p = 0,059). Conclusões: as disciplinas sobre cuidados de pessoas toxicodependentes podem ter efeitos benéficos nos estudantes de Enfermagem ao transformar as crenças e as intenções de realizar comportamentos não saudáveis como o uso de substâncias psicoativas. Contudo, os resultados exigem revisar se os efeitos permanecem após a finalização dos estudos universitários.