RESUMEN
The dehydration process is a prerequisite to preserve saffron for a long time. According to this process, saffron shows differences in the main compounds responsible for its quality (colour, taste, aroma, and flavonol content). At present, the freeze-drying method obtains dried products with the highest quality. Viruses can modify the physiology and metabolism of plants, being able to affect the activities of several enzymes. For this reason, the main compounds of saffron have been analyzed under two different dehydrating processes, freeze-drying and dark-drying, considering their infection status with the Saffron latent virus (SaLV). Results showed that the picrocrocin and safranal content enables to differ dark-dried samples from freeze-dried ones. Besides, the kaempferol-3-O-sophoroside-7-O-glucoside content allows differentiating between SaLV-infected (SaLV+) and uninfected (SaLV-) saffron samples. Moreover, our data suggest that the freeze-drying would decrease crocins content, and dark-drying can nullify the adverse effect of SaLV on crocins content.
Asunto(s)
Crocus/virología , Desecación/métodos , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Virosis/epidemiología , Carotenoides/análisis , Carotenoides/metabolismo , Crocus/clasificación , Crocus/metabolismo , Ciclohexenos/análisis , Ciclohexenos/metabolismo , Glucósidos/análisis , Glucósidos/metabolismo , Irán , Quempferoles/análisis , Quempferoles/metabolismo , Fitoquímicos/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas , Prevalencia , Terpenos/análisis , Terpenos/metabolismoRESUMEN
The aim of this work was a comparison of the ISO 3632 (2011) method and an HPLC-DAD method for safranal quantity determination in saffron. Samples from different origins were analysed by UV-vis according to ISO 3632 (2011) and by HPLC-DAD. Both methods were compared, and there was no correlation between the safranal content obtained by UV-vis and HPLC-DAD. An over-estimation in the UV-vis experiment was observed, which was related to the cis-crocetin esters content, as well as other compounds. The results demonstrated that there was no relationship between ISO quality categories and safranal content using HPLC-DAD. Therefore, HPLC-DAD might be preferable to UV-vis for determining the safranal content and the classification of saffron for commercial purposes. In addition, HPLC-DAD was adequate for determining the three foremost parameters that define the quality of saffron (crocetin esters, picrocrocin and safranal); therefore, this approach could be included in the ISO 3632 method (2011).