Efectividad de un programa de educación sexual en adolescentes acerca de la adquisición de conocimientos y cambios de actitud ante el empleo de métodos anticonceptivos / Effectiveness of a sexual education program in teenagers in knowledge acquisition and changes in attitude to the use of contraceptive methods

Objetivo. Evaluar la efectividad de un programa de educación sexual en la adquisición de conocimientos acerca de métodos anticonceptivos y anticoncepción de urgencia, así como el cambio de actitud ante el uso del preservativo. Material y métodos. Estudio cuasi experimental, controlado, realizado con 481 alumnos de primero de bachillerato que pertenecían a centros educativos donde no había ningún programa de educación sexual. La intervención consistió en 5 sesiones teoricopracticas de 50 min acerca del empleo de métodos anticonceptivos y anticoncepción de emergencia. La evaluación se realizó por medio de un cuestionario autoadministrable de preguntas cerradas que se pasó 3 veces (antes de la intervención, al mes y a los 6 meses tras ésta). El análisis estadístico se realizó por intención de tratar. Resultados. La edad media de los participantes fue de 16,85 años (intervalo de confianza del 95%, 16,77-16,93), el 29,1% (140) ya había mantenido relaciones sexuales. Se observó una distribución homogénea de las variables de control y asociación estadísticamente significativa entre la intervención y aumento de los conocimientos acerca de métodos anticonceptivos, especialmente de la píldora poscoital. También se halló una asociación estadística en el cambio de actitud y el empleo del preservativo y píldora poscoital a favor del grupo intervención. Conclusiones. La intervención educativa es efectiva para el aumento de conocimientos acerca de métodos anticonceptivos y empleo de la píldora poscoital; asimismo, mejora en general la actitud para el fomento del preservativo y el uso racional de la píldora poscoital, tanto al mes como a los 6 meses postintervención(AU)

Objective. To evaluate the effectiveness of a sex education program in the acquisition of knowledge about contraceptive methods and emergency contraception, as well as in changing attitudes to condom use. Material and methods. A quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted in 481 students in the first year of higher secondary education in centers with no sex education programs. The intervention was based on five theoretical and practical 50-minute lectures on the use of contraceptive methods and emergency contraception. The assessment was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire with closed questions, administered on three separate occasions (before the intervention, at 1 month and 6 months later). The statistical analysis was performed by intention-to-treat. Results. The mean age of the participants was 16.85 years (95% CI: 16.77-16.93), and 29.1% (140) had maintained sexual relations. A homogeneous distribution was observed in the control variables and a statistically significant association was found between the intervention and increased knowledge about contraceptive methods, especially in knowledge about the post-coital pill (PCP). A statistically significant improvement was also found in changes in attitudes to the use of condoms and PCP in favor of the intervention group. Conclusions. The educational intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about contraceptive methods and the use of the PCP. Attitudes to condom use and rational use of the PCP also improved, both the first month and at 6 months after the intervention(AU)

[Effectiveness of a sexual education program in teenagers in knowledge acquisition and changes in attitude to the use of contraceptive methods]. / Efectividad de un programa de educación sexual en adolescentes acerca de la adquisición de conocimientos y cambios de actitud ante el empleo de métodos anticonceptivos.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of a sex education program in the acquisition of knowledge about contraceptive methods and emergency contraception, as well as in changing attitudes to condom use. MATERIAL AND METHODS: A quasi-experimental controlled study was conducted in 481 students in the first year of higher secondary education in centers with no sex education programs. The intervention was based on five theoretical and practical 50-minute lectures on the use of contraceptive methods and emergency contraception. The assessment was conducted through a self-administered questionnaire with closed questions, administered on three separate occasions (before the intervention, at 1 month and 6 months later). The statistical analysis was performed by intention-to-treat. RESULTS: The mean age of the participants was 16.85 years (95% CI: 16.77-16.93), and 29.1% (140) had maintained sexual relations. A homogeneous distribution was observed in the control variables and a statistically significant association was found between the intervention and increased knowledge about contraceptive methods, especially in knowledge about the post-coital pill (PCP). A statistically significant improvement was also found in changes in attitudes to the use of condoms and PCP in favor of the intervention group. CONCLUSIONS: The educational intervention was effective in increasing knowledge about contraceptive methods and the use of the PCP. Attitudes to condom use and rational use of the PCP also improved, both the first month and at 6 months after the intervention.

Actitud activa frente a manejo expectante durante el expulsivo de gestantes usuarias de analgesia epidural / An active approach versus expectant management of second stage in pregnant women receiving epidural analgesia

Objetivo. Determina el grado de evidencia actual sobre los beneficios del empleo del pujo tardío frente al pujo precoz en las gestantes usuarias de analgesia epidural.Método. Revisión bibliográfica en las bases de datos Pubmed y la base de registro de ensayos clínicos de la Cochrane Library, de todos aquellos artículos científicos indexados como ensayos clínicos controlados y aleatorizados, y publicados en los últimos 20 años.Resultados. El análisis se realizó sobre 6 trabajos en los que se observó la ausencia de influencia de este procedimiento sobre la mortalidad materna y fetal (salvo ciertas discrepancias de algún estudio), así como una mejoría de parto vaginal espontáneo (RR; 1,09, IC 95%: 1-1,18).Conclusiones. El descenso pasivo fetal se presenta como un procedimiento inocuo para las primíparas y sus recién nacidos, que mejora el porcentaje de parto vaginal espontáneo y disminuye la frecuencia de alteraciones de la frecuencia cardiaca fetal durante el parto y la fatiga materna

Objective. To determine the status of the current evidence on the benefits of delayed pushing in pregnant women receiving epidural analgesia.Method. The authors carried out a literature search of the Pubmed database and the Cochrane Library, a registry of clinical trials, to compile all those scientific articles indexed as randomised, controlled clinical trials published over the last 20 years.Results. The analysis involved six reports documenting the absence of the influence of this procedure on maternal and fetal morbidity, except for certain discrepancies in one study or another, as well as a increase in the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery (relative risk = 1.09; 95% confidence interval: 1.00 to 1.18). Conclusions. Passive fetal descent has been found to be a safe procedure for primiparas and their newborns, improving the rate of spontaneous vaginal delivery and lowering the incidence of alterations in fetal heart rate during delivery and of maternal fatigue