Combining red photobiomodulation therapy with polydioxanone threads for wrinkle reduction in the glabella region: A randomized, controlled, double-blind clinical trial.

The combination of polydioxanone (PDO) threads with other technologies has garnered significant interest for rejuvenation purposes. Photobiomodulation (PBM) has the potential to improve patient comfort and recovery after minimally invasive rejuvenation protocols and also contribute to the overall efficacy of these procedures, fostering an integrative approach to cutaneous rejuvenation. The objective os this work was to investigate concurrent application of PDO threads and red LED PBM on glabellar static wrinkles, in a parallel randomized sham-controlled trial. Forty individuals with Glogau aging classification levels 3 and 4, static glabellar wrinkles, and no significant comorbidities received PDO threads applied along glabellar line. Effective PBM group received 1.35 J and 630 nm red LED light punctually along threads, twice weekly for nine sessions over 30 days. The outcome measures were swelling assessment, dermal thickness and PDO thread degradation via linear ultrasound. No swelling was detected 24 h post-PDO thread application, hindering PBM effect assessment. PDO threads induced dermal thickening; no added effect with PBM. No significant difference in thread hydrolysis between groups, though some ultrasound records inconclusive on thread presence. The absence of swelling may stem from various factors, including the timing of post-procedure swelling assessment, operator proficiency in thread application, and procedural characteristics. No evidence supports the notion that PBM augments dermal thickening, however other light parameters should be studied. Insufficient data to demonstrate PBM's effectiveness in controlling post-procedure swelling. Combination of PBM with PDO thread application doesn't enhance dermal thickening, nor accelerate thread degradation at the parameters used here.

Fish Bones as Calcium Source: Bioavailability of Micro and Nano Particles.

The amount of by-products/waste in the fish industry is roughly 50%. Fish bones could be used to produce nanoparticles, which may have potential use in the food industry as a novel calcium source and at the same time, contribute to reduce waste production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioavailability of nano-size salmon fish bone particles compared to micro-size salmon fish bone particles, and calcium carbonate. The study was carried out in 21-28-day-old C57BL/6 male mice fed for 21 days with the experimental diets. The groups were as follows: CaCO3 0.5% Ca (CN 0.5); CaCO3 1.0% Ca (CN 1.0); salmon fish bone (SFB) microparticles 0.5% Ca (MP 0.5); SFB microparticles 1.0% Ca (MP 1.0); SFB nanoparticles 0.5% Ca (NP 0.5); and SFB nanoparticles 1.0% Ca (NP 1.0). Calcium bioavailability, defined as the percent calcium in femur showed an increasing trend from CN 0.5 to NP 1.0 group. According to ANCOVA, the greatest Ca content was observed in the NP 1.0 group compared with all groups but NP 0.5. In conclusion, in a murine model, salmon fish bone nanoparticles present higher calcium bioavailability than salmon fish bone microparticles, and both, in turn, have better bioavailability than calcium carbonate.

A Multi-Country Survey on the Availability of Intraoperative Use of Echocardiography for Noncardiac Surgery.

BACKGROUND: This survey aimed to explore the availability and accessibility of echocardiography during noncardiac surgery worldwide. METHODS: An internet-based 45-item survey was sent, followed by reminders from August 30, 2021, to August 20, 2022. RESULTS: 1189 responses were received from 62 countries. Nearly seventy-one percent of respondents had intraoperatively used transesophageal or transthoracic echocardiography (TEE and TTE, respectively) for monitoring or examination. The unavailability of echocardiography machines (30.3%), lack of trained personnel (30.2%), and absence of clinical indications (22.6%) were the top 3 reasons for not using intraoperative echocardiography in noncardiac surgery. About 61.5% of participants had access to at least one echocardiography machine. About 41% had access to at least 1 TEE probe, and 62.2% had access to at least 1 TTE probe. Seventy-four percent of centers had a procedure to request intraoperative echocardiography if needed for noncardiac cases. Intraoperative echocardiography service was immediately available in 58% of centers. CONCLUSIONS: Echocardiography machines and skilled echocardiographers are still unavailable at many centers worldwide. National societies should aim to train a critical mass of certified TEE/TTE anesthesiologists and provide all anesthesiologists access to perioperative TEE/TTE machines in anesthesiology departments, considering the increasing number of older and sicker surgical patients scheduled for noncardiac surgery.

Valorization of the Salmon Frame as a High-Calcium Ingredient in the Formulation of Nuggets: Evaluation of the Nutritional and Sensory Properties.

In the Chilean population, calcium consumption is deficient. Therefore, several strategies have been implemented to increase calcium intake, such as consuming dairy products and supplements. In this study, an ingredient composed of bone flour (BF) and protein hydrolysate (PH) obtained from salmon frame was used as an innovative source of calcium. The objective was to evaluate the effect of the incorporation of BF and PH in a 1:1 ratio (providing two calcium concentrations to the nuggets, 75 and 125 mg/100 g) on calcium content and sensory attributes of salmon nuggets submitted to baking or shallow frying. Proximal chemical analyses, fatty acid composition, calcium content, and sensory evaluation (acceptability and check-all-that-apply test) were tested in the nuggets. The incorporation of BF/PH (1:1) in both concentrations increased the calcium content of salmon nuggets being higher for the 125 mg/100 g. On the other hand, no negative effects were observed on sensory properties where all samples showed good overall acceptability for baked and fried nuggets. Therefore, the incorporation of BF/PH (1:1) into salmon nuggets enhances the nutritional quality of these products by providing a higher calcium content without significantly affecting their sensory properties.

Farnesyl Diphosphate Synthase Gene Associated with Loss of Bone Mass Density and Alendronate Treatment Failure in Patients with Primary Osteoporosis.

Aminobisphosphonates (NBPs) are the first-choice medication for osteoporosis (OP); NBP treatment aims at increasing bone mineral density (BMD) by inhibiting the activity of farnesyl diphosphate synthase (FDPS) enzyme in osteoclasts. Despite its efficacy, inadequate response to the drug and side effects have been reported. The A allele of the rs2297480 (A > C) SNP, found in the regulatory region of the FDPS gene, is associated with reduced gene transcription. This study evaluates the FDPS variant rs2297480 (A > C) association with OP patients' response to alendronate sodium treatment. A total of 304 OP patients and 112 controls were enrolled; patients treated with alendronate sodium for two years were classified, according to BMD variations at specific regions (lumbar spine (L1-L4), femoral neck (FN) and total hip (TH), as responders (OP-R) (n = 20) and non-responders (OP-NR) (n = 40). We observed an association of CC genotype with treatment failure (p = 0.045), followed by a BMD decrease in the regions L1-L4 (CC = -2.21% ± 2.56; p = 0.026) and TH (CC = -2.06% ± 1.84; p = 0.015) after two years of alendronate sodium treatment. Relative expression of the FDPS gene was also evaluated in OP-R and OP-NR patients. Higher expression of the FDPS gene was also observed in OP-NR group (FC = 1.84 ± 0.77; p = 0.006) when compared to OP-R. In conclusion, the influence observed of FDPS expression and the rs2897480 variant on alendronate treatment highlights the importance of a genetic approach to improve the efficacy of treatment for primary osteoporosis.

Effectiveness of repeated injections of botulinum toxin A on gait and fatigue in adults with spastic paraparesis secondary to multiple sclerosis.

BACKGROUND: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is the most common neurologic disease in young adults. Spasticity is one of its most disabling symptoms, with botulinum toxin A type A (BoNT-A) being one of the treatments of choice for this symptom. OBJECTIVE: We assessed the response to abobotulinumtoxinA in improving walking ability and fatigue in patients with spastic paraparesis caused by MS. METHODS: We performed a real-world, multicenter, prospective, open-label low-intervention trial in 84 patients with MS and spastic paraparesis of the lower limbs infiltrated with abobotulinumtoxinA (LINITOX study). The response of spasticity, walking ability and fatigue is analyzed in 4 cycles of ultrasound-guided injection in the lower limbs. RESULTS: The patients improved their walking ability by an average of 11.34% meters measured with 6-Minute Walk Test (6MWT), and decreased the percentage of fatigue by 6.86% (4.66 percentage points less), in the 12-Item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12) 4 weeks after abobotulinumtoxinA injection, both values are statistically significant. This improvement seems to persist over time, throughout the cycles. CONCLUSION: We found improved walking ability and less fatigue in patients with MS-related spastic paresis of the lower limbs after injection of abobotulinumtoxinA.

Usefulness of biomarkers to predict prognosis after heart transplant.

Introduction and objectives Heart transplant (HT) represents a major physiological stress, resulting in elevated levels of analytical biomarkers. This study aimed to determine whether changes in biomarker levels after HT can identify patients with a poor prognosis. Methods A prospective longitudinal noninterventional study was conducted in 149 consecutive patients undergoing HT from July 2017 to July 2023. Biomarkers were assessed before HT and at 6, 24, 48, 72, and 96 hours after HT. The biomarkers analyzed were high-sensitivity troponin T, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), creatinine, and lactic acid. The primary outcome was a composite of death and severe primary graft failure (PGF). Results NT-proBNP and troponin levels highly elevated throughout the period and stabilized from the first 24 hours post-HT. Lactate levels stabilized after the first 24 hours, and creatinine from the second day onward. Exitus occurred in 23 (15%) of the patients, and severe PGF in 26 (17%). All biomarkers were significantly associated with the incidence of the combined event (P < .0001). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis at 24 hours showed significant areas under the curve (P = .0001). The greatest discriminatory power was observed for the NT-proBNP curve. A value of 10 000 pg/mL had a sensitivity of 90% and specificity of 80%. Conclusions A significant elevation of post-HT analytical biomarkers was associated with mortality and/or severe PGF. Among the biomarkers analyzed, NT-proBNP was the most accurate in classifying patients. Full English text available from: www.revespcardiol.org/en.

Direct Affinity Ligand Immobilization onto Bare Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Enables Efficient Magnetic Separation of Antibodies.

Magnetic separation is a promising alternative to chromatography for enhancing the downstream processing (DSP) of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). However, there is a lack of efficient magnetic particles for successful application. Aiming to fill this gap, we demonstrate the suitability of bare iron oxide nanoparticles (BION) with physical site-directed immobilization of an engineered Protein A affinity ligand (rSpA) as an innovative magnetic material. The rSpA ligand contains a short peptide tag that enables the direct and stable immobilization onto the uncoated BION surface without commonly required laborious particle activation. The resulting BION@rSpA have beneficial characteristics outperforming conventional Protein A-functionalized magnetic particles: a simple, fast, low-cost synthesis, a particle size in the nanometer range with a large effective specific surface area enabling large immunoglobulin G (IgG) binding capacity, and a high magnetophoretic velocity advantageous for fast processing. We further show rapid interactions of IgG with the easily accessible rSpA ligands. The binding of IgG to BION@rSpA is thereby highly selective and not impeded by impurity molecules in perfusion cell culture supernatant. Regarding the subsequent acidic IgG elution from BION@rSpA@IgG, we observed a hampering pH increase caused by the protonation of large iron oxide surfaces after concentrating the particles in 100 mM sodium acetate buffer. However, the pH can be stabilized by adding 50 mM glycine to the elution buffer, resulting in recoveries above 85% even at high particle concentrations. Our work shows that BION@rSpA enable efficient magnetic mAb separation and could help to overcome emerging bottlenecks in DSP.

From basic research to clinical practice: The impact of laminar airflow filters on surgical site infection in vascular surgery.

BACKGROUND: Laminar airflow filters have been suggested as a potential preventive factor for surgical site infections, given their ability to reduce the airborne microbiological load. However, their role is still unclear, and evidence regarding vascular surgery patients is scarce. Our aim was to assess the impact of laminar-airflow filters on surgical site infections. METHODS: This single-centre retrospective cohort study was conducted with vascular surgery patients who underwent arterial vascular intervention through a groin incision between July 2018 and July 2019 (turbulent airflow cohort) and July 2020 and July 2021 (laminar airflow cohort). Data were prospectively collected from electronic medical files. We estimated the cumulative incidence of surgical site infections and its 95% confident interval (95%CI). A propensity score matching analysis was performed. RESULTS: We included 200 patients, 78 in the turbulent airflow cohort and 122 in the laminar airflow cohort. The cumulative incidence was 15.4% (12/78; 95%CI: 9.0-25.0%) in the turbulent-airflow cohort and 14.8% (18/122; 95%CI: 9.5 -22.1%) in the laminar-airflow cohort (p-value: 1.00). The propensity score matching yielded a cumulative incidence of surgical site infection of 13.9% (10/72) with turbulent airflow and 12.5% (9/72) with laminar airflow (p-value: 1.00). Risk factors associated with infection were chronic kidney disease (OR 2.70; 95%CI: 1.14-6.21) and a greater body mass index (OR 1.47; 95%CI: 1.01-2.14). CONCLUSION: Laminar airflow filters were associated with a non-significant reduction of surgical site infections. Further research is needed to determine its usefulness and cost-effectiveness. Surgical site infection incidence was associated with chronic kidney disease and a greater body mass index. Hence, efforts should be made to optimize the body mass index before surgery and prevent chronic kidney disease in patients with known arterial disease.

Comparison and combination of three data sources from patient medical records to determine optimal quantification of postoperative morbidity according to the Clavien Dindo Classification and the Comprehensive Complication Index. A prospective study.

INTRODUCTION: It is currently unknown which data sources from the clinical history, or combination thereof, should be evaluated to achieve the most complete calculation of postoperative complications (PC). The objectives of this study were: to analyze the morbidity and mortality of 200 consecutive patients undergoing major surgery, to determine which data sources or combination collect the maximum morbidity, and to determine the accuracy of the morbidity reflected in the discharge report. METHODS: Observational and prospective cohort study. The sum of all PC found in the combined review of medical notes, nursing notes, and a specific form was considered the gold standard. PC were classified according to the Clavien Dindo Classification and the Comprehensive Complication Index (CCI). RESULTS: The percentage of patients who presented PC according to the gold standard, medical notes, nursing notes and form were: 43.5%, 37.5%, 35% and 18.7% respectively. The combination of sources improved CCI agreement by 8%-40% in the overall series and 39.1-89.7 % in patients with PC. The correct recording of PC was inversely proportional to the complexity of the surgery, and the combination of sources increased the degree of agreement with the gold standard by 35 %-67.5% in operations of greater complexity. The CDC and CCI of the discharge report coincided with the gold-standard values in patients with PC by 46.8% and 18.2%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The combination of data sources, particularly medical and nursing notes, considerably increases the quantification of PC in general, most notably in complex interventions.

Cost-Effectiveness of the Prenatal Detection of Congenital Heart Diseases: A Systematic Literature Review.

Background: Congenital heart disease is the most common congenital condition worldwide, with a prevalence of 80 cases per 10 000 live births. In addition to perinatal morbidity and mortality, it entails long-term consequences such as multiple surgeries, prolonged hospitalizations, lifelong cardiac follow-up, reduced quality of life, risk of heart failure, and premature mortality in adulthood. This significant health and economic burden on healthcare systems and families highlights the relevance of evaluating the cost-effectiveness of methods for early detection of this condition. Objective: To conduct a systematic literature review (SLR) to identify and analyze existing economic evaluations on prenatal detection of congenital heart diseases through ultrasound, focusing on the reported cost-effectiveness results and the methodological quality of the evaluated studies according to established criteria. Methods: An SLR of economic evaluations was conducted following PRISMA guidelines. A quantitative synthesis of key methodological components of each economic evaluation was performed. The incremental medical costs, effectiveness measures, and cost-effectiveness ratios reported in each study were compiled and compared. The methodological quality was assessed according to compliance with the 24 CHEERS criteria. Results: We found 785 articles, of which only 7 met all inclusion criteria. Most were cost-effectiveness analyses, with the most common outcome being number of cases detected. Screening with only 4-chamber views interpreted by general practitioners or cardiologists were dominant strategies compared with screening with 4-chamber plus outflow views interpreted by a general practitioner. Fetal echocardiography was most effective but most expensive. Screening with 4-chamber and outflow view, followed by referral to a specialist, were recommended as the least expensive strategy per defect detected. On average, articles met 17 of the 24 CHEERS criteria. Discussion: While recent cost-effectiveness analyses demonstrated improved methodological quality, there was a lack of homogeneity due to differences in comparators and population subgroups analyzed. Despite this heterogeneity, fetal ultrasonography screening was consistently identified as a cost-effective strategy, with its cost-effectiveness heavily influenced by the expertise of the interpreting physician. Conclusion: Most studies recommend implementing obstetric ultrasonography screening, without routine fetal echocardiography, for detecting congenital heart diseases.

Neddylation orchestrates the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program that drives Schwann cell myelination.

Myelination is essential for neuronal function and health. In peripheral nerves, >100 causative mutations have been identified that cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, a disorder that can affect myelin sheaths. Among these, a number of mutations are related to essential targets of the posttranslational modification neddylation, although how these lead to myelin defects is unclear. Here, we demonstrate that inhibiting neddylation leads to a notable absence of peripheral myelin and axonal loss both in developing and regenerating mouse nerves. Our data indicate that neddylation exerts a global influence on the complex transcriptional and posttranscriptional program by simultaneously regulating the expression and function of multiple essential myelination signals, including the master transcription factor EGR2 and the negative regulators c-Jun and Sox2, and inducing global secondary changes in downstream pathways, including the mTOR and YAP/TAZ signaling pathways. This places neddylation as a critical regulator of myelination and delineates the potential pathogenic mechanisms involved in CMT mutations related to neddylation.

Coordination of COVID-19 platform trials in Europe.

To ensure optimal coordination of the EU-funded COVID-19 platform trials, a double coordination mechanism was established. It included the Trial Coordination Board (TCB) to promote the dialogue between investigators and relevant public health stakeholders and the Joint Access Advisory Mechanism (JAAM) to streamline access of new intervention arms to the platform trials. Both the TCB and the JAAM emerged as efficient instruments to promote cooperation and optimise the use of resources within EU-funded adaptive platform trials. In addition, an adaptive platform trial toolbox was developed to collect information and literature on challenges and solutions identified to date. The recently funded 'Coordination MEchanism for Cohorts and Trials' (CoMeCT) project will endeavour to make this model sustainable, with a further expansion to other emerging infectious diseases, as part of the governance of the current and future platform trials for pandemic preparedness. This example could serve as a model for platform trial coordination in other disease areas.

An international review of the characteristics of viral nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) reveals a trend towards the use of smaller pool sizes and individual donation NAT.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nucleic acid-amplification testing (NAT) is used for screening blood donations/donors for blood-borne viruses. We reviewed global viral NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used by blood operators. MATERIALS AND METHODS: NAT characteristics and NAT-yield confirmatory testing used during 2019 was surveyed internationally by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party Transfusion-Transmitted Infectious Diseases. Reported characteristics are presented herein. RESULTS: NAT was mainly performed under government mandate. Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) NAT was performed on all donors and donation types, while selective testing was reported for West Nile virus, hepatitis E virus (HEV), and Zika virus. Individual donation NAT was used for HIV, HCV and HBV by ~50% of responders, while HEV was screened in mini-pools by 83% of responders performing HEV NAT. Confirmatory testing for NAT-yield samples was generally performed by NAT on a sample from the same donation or by NAT and serology on samples from the same donation and a follow-up sample. CONCLUSION: In the last decade, there has been a trend towards use of smaller pool sizes or individual donation NAT. We captured characteristics of NAT internationally in 2019 and provide insights into confirmatory testing approaches used for NAT-yields, potentially benefitting blood operators seeking to implement NAT.

Neuropeptide Y receptor 1 and galanin receptor 2 (NPY1R-GALR2) interactions in the dentate gyrus and their relevance for neurogenesis and cognition.

Introduction: This study may unveil novel insights into the interactions between neuropeptide Y receptor 1 (NPY1R) and galanin receptor 2 (GALR2), in the dentate gyrus of the dorsal hippocampus, shedding light on their role in neurogenesis and cognitive functions. Existing literature highlights the potential of these interactions in enhancing learning and memory, yet detailed mechanisms remain underexplored. Methods: Utilizing intracerebroventricular injections of GALR2 and NPY1R agonists in Sprague-Dawley male rats, we examined neurogenesis via markers PCNA and DCX, and memory consolidation through the object-in-place task over a three-week period. Results: Significant increases in NPY1R-GALR2 co-localization and neuroblast proliferation were observed, alongside enhanced memory consolidation. These findings suggest a synergistic effect of NPY1R and GALR2 activation on cognitive functions. Discussion: Our findings may foster the development of novel heterobivalent or multitargeting drugs, affecting NPY1R-GALR2 interaction, and suggest a future pharmacogical strategy for improving learning and memory found in many brain diseases. Further research is encouraged to explore these mechanisms in pathological models.

International review of blood donation nucleic acid amplification testing.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Nucleic acid amplification testing (NAT), in blood services context, is used for the detection of viral and parasite nucleic acids to reduce transfusion-transmitted infections. This project reviewed NAT for screening blood donations globally. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A survey on NAT usage, developed by the International Society of Blood Transfusion Working Party on Transfusion-transmitted Infectious Diseases (ISBT WP-TTID), was distributed through ISBT WP-TTID members. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics. RESULTS: Forty-three responses were received from 32 countries. Increased adoption of blood donation viral screening by NAT was observed over the past decade. NAT-positive donations were detected for all viruses tested in 2019 (proportion of donations positive by NAT were 0.0099% for human immunodeficiency virus [HIV], 0.0063% for hepatitis C virus [HCV], 0.0247% for hepatitis B virus [HBV], 0.0323% for hepatitis E virus [HEV], 0.0014% for West Nile virus [WNV] and 0.00005% for Zika virus [ZIKV]). Globally, over 3100 NAT-positive donations were identified as NAT yield or solely by NAT in 2019 and over 22,000 since the introduction of NAT, with HBV accounting for over half. NAT-positivity rate was higher in first-time donors for all viruses tested except WNV. During 2019, a small number of participants performed NAT for parasites (Trypanosoma cruzi, Babesia spp., Plasmodium spp.). CONCLUSION: This survey captures current use of blood donation NAT globally. There has been increased NAT usage over the last decade. It is clear that NAT contributes to improving blood transfusion safety globally; however, there is a need to overcome economic barriers for regions/countries not performing NAT.

Sequential administration of paricalcitol followed by IL-17 blockade for progressive refractory IgA nephropathy patients.

There is no established treatment for progressive IgA nephropathy refractory to steroids and immunosuppressant drugs (r-IgAN). Interleukin 17 (IL-17) blockade has garnered interest in immune-mediated diseases involving the gut-kidney axis. However, single IL-17A inhibition induced paradoxical effects in patients with Crohn's disease and some cases of de novo glomerulonephritis, possibly due to the complete Th1 cell response, along with the concomitant downregulation of regulatory T cells (Tregs). Seven r-IgAN patients were treated with at least six months of oral paricalcitol, followed by the addition of subcutaneous anti-IL-17A (secukinumab). After a mean follow-up of 28 months, proteinuria decreased by 71% (95% CI: 56-87), P < 0.001. One patient started dialysis, while the annual eGFR decline in the remaining patients [mean (95% CI)] was reduced by 4.9 mL/min/1.73 m2 (95% CI: 0.1-9.7), P = 0.046. Circulating Th1, Th17, and Treg cells remained stable, but Th2 cells decreased, modifying the Th1/Th2 ratio. Intriguingly, accumulation of circulating Th17.1 cells was observed. This novel sequential therapy appears to optimize renal advantages in patients with r-IgAN and elicit alterations in potentially pathogenic T helper cells.

A Systematic Review on Assessing Assessments: Unveiling Psychometric Properties of Instruments for Reactive Attachment Disorder and Disinhibited Social Engagement Disorder in Minors under Protective Measures.

BACKGROUND: Reactive attachment disorder (RAD) and disinhibited social engagement disorder (DSED) manifest in individuals facing attachment system challenges, particularly observed in minors under protective measures. The lack of standardized tools for assessing these difficulties and uncertainty about the most effective instruments from a psychometric perspective prompted this study. AIM: Using the COSMIN checklist, we systematically reviewed instruments assessing RAD, adhering to PRISMA. METHODOLOGY: Examined tools included the Disturbance Attachment Interview, Preschool Age Psychiatric Assessment, Relationship Patterns Questionnaire, Assessment of RAD and DSED, Development and Well-Being Assessment, and Reactive Attachment Disorder Questionnaire. RESULTS: Of the 10 articles analyzed, the results highlight a research emphasis on internal consistency and structural and construct validity, sidelining other properties. CONCLUSION: Most articles review structural validity and internal consistency. These measures are satisfactory but insufficiently evaluated. It is necessary to evaluate these tools using other indicators such as cross-cultural validity, measurement error, or responsiveness in adolescents under protective measures.