Naringin reduces body weight, plasma lipids and increases adiponectin levels in patients with dyslipidemia.

Naringin is a citrus-flavonoid which has been shown to have positive metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects. For this reason, we believe it would be interesting to study the effects of Naringin administration on body weight, BMI, lipid profile and adiponectin levels in patients with dyslipidemia, especially considering that dyslipidemias along with obesity and subsequent cardiometabolic complications are some of the most important public health issues plaguing our society today. A double-blind, randomized clinical trial was conducted in a group of 28 adult patients previously diagnosed with dyslipidemia who attended the Institute of Experimental and Clinical Therapeutics. Patients were divided into two groups; the first group (n = 14) received 450 mg of naringin every 24 hours, in the mornings, while the second group (n = 14) was given a homologated placebo over the course of a 90-day period. Significant differences were observed in naringin group compared to the placebo group in terms of decreased BMI (30.6 ± 3.19 vs 33.3 ± 3.23 kg/m2; p = 0.03), total cholesterol (182 ± 20.2 vs 245 ± 24.1 mg/dl; p < 0.01), LDL cholesterol (100 ± 17.5 vs 125 ± 38.3 mg/dl; p = 0.03) and an increase in adiponectin levels (0.82 ± 0.25 vs 0.59 ± 0.19 µg/ml; p = 0.01). Our results support the use of Naringin as a potential therapeutic agent which could play an important role in the management of metabolic disorders.

The rs822396 Polymorphism of the ADIPOQ Gene Is Associated with Anthropometric, Clinical, and Biochemical Alterations Related to the Metabolic Syndrome in the Mexican Population.

Background: Adiponectin, encoded by the ADIPOQ gene, is produced mainly by adipose tissue, and meaning as a metabolic and immunological regulator. The polymorphism rs822396 in ADIPOQ gene was previously associated with diabetes mellitus type 2, hypertension, and metabolic syndrome components in Caucasian and Asiatic populations. The aim was to evaluate the association of the rs822396 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene with anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical alterations related to the metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population. Materials and Methods: Measurements, as well as peripheral blood for DNA extraction, were obtained from 434 participants from Mexico. The rs822396 polymorphism genotyping was performed by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Statistical analysis was made with IBM-SPSSv20. Results: The rs822396G allele frequency was 22.1% in the Mexican population analyzed. In this study were detected differences according to G allele or GG genotype with the highest means, including body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), body fat percentage, visceral fat, systolic arterial tension, glucose levels, triglyceride levels, total cholesterol (TC) levels, very low-density lipoprotein, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase and with triglycerides/glucose index. Significant differences were found with increased risk in the dominant model (AG/GG) of anthropometric, clinical, and biochemical alterations with regard to metabolic syndrome as the BMI [odds ratio (OR) = 2.19], WC (OR = 2.00), waist/hip index (OR = 1.65), body fat percentage (OR = 2.76), visceral fat (OR = 1.84), glucose levels (OR = 1.95), triglyceride levels (OR = 2.75), TC levels (OR = 1.63), high-density lipoprotein (OR = 1.86), and insulin resistance surrogated by the Triglyceride/glucose index (OR = 2.64). Conclusion: The rs822396 polymorphism of the ADIPOQ gene seems to be a risk factor for obesity and metabolic alterations with regard to the metabolic syndrome in the Mexican population.

Effect of Telmisartan in the Oxidative Stress Components Induced by Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats.

The therapeutic effects of telmisartan, an angiotensin II receptor antagonist and a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) agonist, have been demonstrated in several disorders. It has antioxidant and immune response modulator properties and has shown promising results in the treatment of an ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesion. In this study, a skeletal muscle (right gastrocnemius muscle) I/R lesion was induced in rats and different reperfusion times (1 h, 24 h, 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups) were assessed. Furthermore, levels of oxidative markers such as enzymatic scavengers (catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD)) and metabolites (nitrates and 8-oxo-deoxyguanosine) were determined. The degree of tissue injury (total lesioned fibers and inflammatory cell count) was also evaluated. We observed an increase in CAT and SOD expression levels under telmisartan treatment, with a decrease in injury and oxidative biomarker levels in the 72 h, 7-day, and 14-day subgroups. Telmisartan reduced oxidative stress and decreased the damage of the I/R lesion.

Obesity and adipocytokines in breast cancer and benign breast disease / Obesidad y adipocitocinas en cáncer de mama y enfermedad mamaria benigna

Background: There is a relationship between obesity and the development of breast cancer; adipocytokines are among the mechanisms related. Objective: To describe the impact of obesity in leptin, adiponectin, resistin and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) serum levels in women with breast cancer (BC) and benign breast disease (BBD). Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out with a sample of 54 individuals divided into two groups: BC (n = 27) and BBD (n = 27). Serum levels of leptin, adiponectin, resistin and TNF-alpha were determined. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated. Statistical analysis included mean, standard deviation, median and interquartile range; the differences between groups were determined by Student´s t test, Mann-Whitney U and Kruskall Wallis test to identify differences between the groups. Results: We didn't find any significant differences related to anthropometric characteristics between BC and BBD groups, or to leptin, adiponectin, resistin and TNF-alpha serum levels (p = NS). We found higher leptin serum levels in obese women with BBD compared with non-obese women with BC (med 22.26 versus 4.34 ng/mL; p = 0.028). Adiponectin serum levels in non-obese women from the BC group were higher than serum levels found in non-obese women with BBD (med 7.10 versus 2.22 ng/mL; p = 0.038) Conclusion: We found higher leptin serum levels and lower adiponectin serum levels in BBD women than BC women in this population with high frequency of obesity.

Introducción: existe relación entre la obesidad y el desarrollo de cáncer de mama (CaM); entre los mecanismos implicados están las adipocitocinas. Objetivo: establecer el efecto de la obesidad sobre los valores séricos de leptina, adiponectina, resistina y el factor de necrosis tumoral-alfa (TNF-alfa) en mujeres con CaM y enfermedad mamaria benigna (EMB). Métodos: estudio transversal analítico. Se determinaron los niveles séricos de leptina, adiponectina, resistina y TNF-alfa, así como el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de 27 mujeres con CaM incidente y 27 con EMB. Se utilizaron promedios, desviaciones estándar, medianas (Me) y rangos intercuartílicos, así como las pruebas t de Student, U de Mann-Whitney y Kruskall-Wallis para identificar diferencias entre los grupos. Resultados: no se encontraron diferencias antropométricas, ni en niveles séricos de TNF-alfa, leptina y resistina entre los grupos (p = NS). Los niveles de leptina de las mujeres con EMB y obesidad fueron significativamente superiores que en las mujeres con CaM no obesas (Me 22.26 frente a 4.34 ng/mL; p = 0.028). Los niveles de adiponectina en mujeres con CaM con IMC sin obesidad fueron mayores que los encontrados en pacientes con EMB con IMC y sin obesidad (Me 7.10 frente a 2.22 ng/mL; p = 0.038). Conclusión: en esta población con elevada frecuencia de obesidad, se encontraron niveles mayores de leptina en mujeres con EMB con respecto a las mujeres con CaM; asimismo, se encontró un patrón inverso en adiponectina.

Association of RETN and CAP1 SNPs, Expression and Serum Resistin Levels with Breast Cancer in Mexican Women.

BACKGROUND: Breast cancer is the most common cancer in women worldwide. Approximately 70% of female breast cancer patients have a body mass index (BMI) >25. In obesity, adipose tissue secretes additional resistin, which prompts a proinflammatory effect through its action on adenylate cyclase-associated protein 1 (CAP1). Several studies have associated the RETN gene single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1862513 (-420C

Efficacy and safety of the combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers: A double-blind, randomized, clinical trial.

AIM: To evaluate whether a combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel (10%) topically applied can have additive benefits for management of diabetic foot ulcers. METHODS: In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded clinical trial, 68 patients were divided into four groups: Group 1: treated with chitosan gel; Group 2: isosorbide dinitrate spray; Group 3: combination of isosorbide dinitrate spray and chitosan gel; Group 4: placebo. RESULTS: Histological analyses showed a significant regeneration in all groups ( p < 0.001). On the final assessment of the ulcer, using the combination was found a wound closure percentage of 71 ± 30, 70 ± 27 using isosorbide dinitrate, 58 ± 30 with chitosan and 50 ± 16 with placebo. The number of patients who achieved complete ulcer closure was six using the combination, four with isosorbide dinitrate, three with chitosan and one with placebo. The progression in the healing process of the ulcer showed marked inmunohistochemical differences of Von Willebrand Factor, desmin, vascular endothelial growth factor-A and α-smooth muscle actin in all groups ( p < 0.001), but without notable differences between them. CONCLUSION: The combination was better than placebo to reduce the dimensions of the ulcer, accelerate healing and increase the number of patients who achieved complete closure of the ulcer, but the combination was not better than chitosan or isosorbide dinitrate used separately.

Serum levels of P-glycoprotein and persistence of disease activity despite treatment in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Around 25% of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) could be refractory to conventional therapies. P-glycoprotein expression on cell surface has been implied on drug resistance, however, to date, it is unknown if P-gp serum levels are associated with SLE disease activity. Evaluate the association of serum P-gp levels and SLE with disease activity despite treatment. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 93 female SLE patients, all receiving glucocorticoids at stable doses for the previous 6 months before to baseline. SLE patients were classified into two groups: (a) patients with active disease [SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) ≥ 3] despite treatment, and (b) patients with inactive disease (SLEDAI < 3) after treatment. Forty-three healthy females comprised the control group. Serum P-gp, anti-DNA, and both anti-nucleosome antibody levels were measured using ELISA. Active-SLE patients despite treatment had higher P-gp levels compared with inactive-SLE after treatment (78.02 ng/mL ± 114.11 vs. 33.75 ng/mL ± 41.11; p = 0.018) or versus reference group subjects (30.56 ng/mL ± 28.92; p = 0.011). P-gp levels correlated with the scores of SLEDAI (r = 0.26; p = 0.01), Mexican-SLEDAI (MEX-SLEDAI) (r = 0.32; p = 0.002), SLICC/ACR damage index (r = 0.47; p < 0.001), and with prednisone doses (r = 0.33; p = 0.001). In the multivariate model, the high P-gp levels were associated with SLICC/ACR score (p = 0.001), and SLEDAI score (p = 0.014). Our findings support a relationship between serum P-gp levels and SLE with disease activity despite treatment, but it requires further validation in longitudinal studies.

Efecto de la ingesta de tortilla con inulina sobre perfil metabólico en pacientes con dislipidemia e IMC > 25 / Effect of consumption of tortilla with inulin on metabolic profile in patients with dyslipidemia and BMI > 25

Introducción: La inulina es un prebiótico usado como tratamiento alternativo o preventivo de enfermedades como la obesidad, la hiperglucemia o diabetes mellitus y la dislipidemia, una estrategia para su consumo es ofrecerla en un alimento de consumo diario como lo es la tortilla. Objetivo: Evaluar la ingesta de tortillas de maíz enriquecidas con inulina sobre perfil metabólico en pacientes con dislipidemia e IMC >25. Métodos: Ensayo clínico de 1 brazo, se incluyeron 22 pacientes con sobrepeso u obesidad (IMC ≥25) y dislipidemia; que reportaron ingesta de al menos 5 tortillas diarias, las cuales se cambiaron por tortillas enriquecidas con 1 gr de inulina por 90 días. Resultados: Se mostraron cambios en la glucosa sérica, al disminuir 10% en comparación con cifras basales (p>0.016). Se mostró tendencia clínica a disminución de insulina y colesterol total, resto sin cambios significativos. Discusión: Se encontraron diferencias clínicas con reducción de cifras de colesterol total de 40 mg en promedio, aunque no resultó estadísticamente significativo, lo que contrasta con estudios anteriores con ingesta de inulina en los cuales se reporta disminución estadísticamente significativa de los lípidos séricos como LDL y/o colesterol total, cabe señalar que la inulina utilizada fue de Agave Tequilana Weber, que presenta cambios en su estructura molecular con otras inulinas, además que en el presente estudio el consumo promedio fue de 4.32 g/día contra 7.4 g y hasta 30 g/día en otros estudios. El efecto hipoglucemiante resultante fue estadísticamente significativo para pacientes sin hiperglucemia ni diabetes, el probable mecanismo de acción es por aumento del péptido similar al glucagón tipo 1, por otra parte no hubo cambios en el peso corporal aunque la inulina suele hacer cambios en la microbiota intestinal que suele generar disminución del sobrepeso o la obesidad. Conclusiónes: El consumo diario de tortillas de maíz adicionadas de 1 g de inulina disminuye la glucemia y muestra una tendencia no estadística a disminuir los niveles de insulina sérica y colesterol total (AU)

Introduction: Inulin is a prebiotic that could help as an alternative or preventive treatment of diseases such as obesity, hyperglycemia or diabetes mellitus and dyslipidemia, a strategy for its consumption is to offer it in a food of daily consumption as is the tortilla. Objective: To evaluate the intake of corn tortillas enriched with inulin on a metabolic profile in patients with dyslipidemia and BMI> 25. Methods: One arm clinical trial included 22 patients with overweight or obesity (BMI ≥25) and dyslipidemia; That they present an ingestion of at least 5 tortillas daily, which were changed by tortillas enriched with 1 gr of inulin for 90 days. Results: Changes in serum glucose were shown, decreasing 10% compared to baseline (p> 0.016). Clinical tendency to decrease insulin and total cholesterol, rest without significant changes. Discussion: Clinical differences were found with a reduction in total cholesterol levels of 40 mg on average, but not statistically significant, which contrasts with previous inulin intake studies in which a statistically significant decrease in serum lipids such as LDL and / or Total cholesterol, it should be noted that the inulin used was Agave Tequilana Weber, which presents changes in its molecular structure versus other inulins, and in the present study the average consumption was 4.32 g / day against 7.4 g and up to 30 g / day in other studies. The resulting hypoglycaemic effect was statistically significant for patients without hyperglycemia or diabetes, the mechanism of action is by increased glucagon-like peptide type 1, on the other hand there were no changes in body weight although inulin usually makes changes in the intestinal microbiota, which usually leads to a decrease in overweight or obesity. Conclusion: The daily consumption of corn tortillas added with 1 g of inulin lowers glycemia and shows a non-statistical tendency to decrease serum insulin and total cholesterol levels (AU)

Alternative Interventions to Prevent Oxidative Damage following Ischemia/Reperfusion.

Ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) lesions are a phenomenon that occurs in multiple pathological states and results in a series of events that end in irreparable damage that severely affects the recovery and health of patients. The principal therapeutic approaches include preconditioning, postconditioning, and remote ischemic preconditioning, which when used separately do not have a great impact on patient mortality or prognosis. Oxidative stress is known to contribute to the damage caused by I/R; however, there are no pharmacological approaches to limit or prevent this. Here, we explain the relationship between I/R and the oxidative stress process and describe some pharmacological options that may target oxidative stress-states.

Frecuencia de abortos en familias con un caso de síndrome de Down / Frequency of abortuses in families with an affected of Down syndrome

La ocurrencia de trisomía 21 sólo se ha asociado en forma consistente con la edad materna avanzada. La evidencia de factores genéticos proviene de estudios familiares, consanguinidad y moleculares. Dada la alta ocurrencia de trisomías en abortos de primer trimestre y que la mayoría de las trisomías 21 terminan en abortos, el estudio de la falla reproductiva en familias con un caso de síndrome Down (SD), podría ser un indicador de predisposición a no disminución. Se estudió la ocurrencia de abortos en 48 familias con un caso de trisomía 21 regular y en un grupo control pareado por edad de los padres y orden de gesta, estimando el riesgo de ocurrencia de trisomía 21 ocurrido un primer evento. Se encontró una frecuencia de abortos espontáneos de 9.17 por ciento en el grupo SD y de 2.62 por ciento en el grupo control. La diferencia se mantuvo aún considerando el riesgo de recurrencia de trisomía 21 y fue más marcada en madres de 20-24 años y mayores a 35 años. Nuestros resultados sugieren la existencia de factores intrínsecos, probablemente genético que influyen en la ocurrencia de no disyunción