An Electronic Health Record-Integrated Application for Standardizing Care and Monitoring Patients With Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Enrolled in a Tolvaptan Clinic: Design and Implementation Study.

Background: Tolvaptan is the only US Food and Drug Administration-approved drug to slow the progression of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), but it requires strict clinical monitoring due to potential serious adverse events. Objective: We aimed to share our experience in developing and implementing an electronic health record (EHR)-based application to monitor patients with ADPKD who were initiated on tolvaptan. Methods: The application was developed in collaboration with clinical informatics professionals based on our clinical protocol with frequent laboratory test monitoring to detect early drug-related toxicity. The application streamlined the clinical workflow and enabled our nursing team to take appropriate actions in real time to prevent drug-related serious adverse events. We retrospectively analyzed the characteristics of the enrolled patients. Results: As of September 2022, a total of 214 patients were enrolled in the tolvaptan program across all Mayo Clinic sites. Of these, 126 were enrolled in the Tolvaptan Monitoring Registry application and 88 in the Past Tolvaptan Patients application. The mean age at enrollment was 43.1 (SD 9.9) years. A total of 20 (9.3%) patients developed liver toxicity, but only 5 (2.3%) had to discontinue the drug. The 2 EHR-based applications allowed consolidation of all necessary patient information and real-time data management at the individual or population level. This approach facilitated efficient staff workflow, monitoring of drug-related adverse events, and timely prescription renewal. Conclusions: Our study highlights the feasibility of integrating digital applications into the EHR workflow to facilitate efficient and safe care delivery for patients enrolled in a tolvaptan program. This workflow needs further validation but could be extended to other health care systems managing chronic diseases requiring drug monitoring.

Hypernatremia subgroups among hospitalized patients by machine learning consensus clustering with different patient survival.

BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to characterize hypernatremia patients at hospital admission into clusters using an unsupervised machine learning approach and to evaluate the mortality risk among these distinct clusters. METHODS: We performed consensus cluster analysis based on demographic information, principal diagnoses, comorbidities, and laboratory data among 922 hospitalized adult patients with admission serum sodium of > 145 mEq/L. We calculated the standardized difference of each variable to identify each cluster's key features. We assessed the association of each hypernatremia cluster with hospital and 1-year mortality. RESULTS: There were three distinct clusters of patients with hypernatremia on admission: 318 (34%) patients in cluster 1, 339 (37%) patients in cluster 2, and 265 (29%) patients in cluster 3. Cluster 1 consisted of more critically ill patients with more severe hypernatremia and hypokalemic hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis. Cluster 2 consisted of older patients with more comorbidity burden, body mass index, and metabolic alkalosis. Cluster 3 consisted of younger patients with less comorbidity burden, higher baseline eGFR, hemoglobin, and serum albumin. Compared to cluster 3, odds ratios for hospital mortality were 15.74 (95% CI 3.75-66.18) for cluster 1, and 6.51 (95% CI 1.48-28.59) for cluster 2, whereas hazard ratios for 1-year mortality were 6.25 (95% CI 3.69-11.46) for cluster 1 and 4.66 (95% CI 2.73-8.59) for cluster 2. CONCLUSION: Our cluster analysis identified three clinically distinct phenotypes with differing mortality risk in patients hospitalized with hypernatremia.

Role of family physicians in providing primary healthcare during COVID-19 pandemic.

According to the World Health Organization, over 41 million cases of COVID-19 and 1 million deaths have been reported globally. More than 7 million cases of coronavirus have been reported in India alone. The growing number of cases of coronavirus worldwide poses numerous challenges to the country's current healthcare delivery system, especially in developing nations such as India. In such a situation, the task of maintaining continuity in the provision of comprehensive primary healthcare services in the community becomes a big challenge. This article discusses how family physicians can help to augment the healthcare system at the time of pandemic by providing easily accessible, holistic healthcare and by use of telemedicine. It also talks about the need to mainstream family medicine into the undergraduate and postgraduate medical curriculum and establish a robust network of family physicians trained in outbreak response and disease preparedness. For this study we looked for all papers with the terms 'Family physician', 'COVID-19', 'pandemic', and 'Primary health care'. Databases searched include PubMed, Google Scholar and DOAJ, using key words - family physician, family medicine, primary healthcare, COVID-19, and pandemic in different combinations.

COVID-19 Vaccination and Glomerulonephritis.

INTRODUCTION: mRNA COVID-19 vaccine is more effective than traditional vaccines owing to superior immune activation. Nevertheless, the impact of mRNA COVID-19 vaccine on triggering de novo/relapsing glomerulonephritis (GN) is limited. We report a case series of patients who developed new or relapsing GN postvaccination. METHODS: We evaluated baseline characteristics, vaccine type, and clinical outcomes of 13 patients from our institution who had a new diagnosis or relapse of their GN post-mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. RESULTS: Of 13 patients, 8 patients were newly diagnosed with having GN and 5 patients had relapse. Median age was 62 years (range 19-83 years). Autoimmune disease (38%) was the most prevalent underlying disease followed by cancer (23%). Most patients were White males. IgA nephropathy (IgAN) was the most common GN in our series (5 patients, 38%) followed by membranous nephropathy (MN) (3 patients, 23%). There was 1 patient with IgAN who had evidence of IgA deposits before vaccination suggesting the immune activation after vaccination triggered a flare of the disease. Our case series also included the first case report of tip-variant focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS), NELL-1-associated MN, and atypical anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis. A total of 77% developed acute kidney injury (AKI) with most being Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes stage 1 (67%). Outcomes are favorable with 80% responding to therapy. CONCLUSION: New cases and relapse of GN can present shortly after mRNA COVID-19 vaccination. New cases of IgAN may result from unmasking of undiagnosed IgAN owing to robust immune activation rather than development of new deposits.

Implementation and challenges unique to teleretinal diabetic retinal screening (TDRS) in a private practice setting in the United States.

PURPOSE: Adherence rates to published guidelines for diabetic retinopathy (DR) screening is between 35 and 60%. We evaluate a teleretinal DR screening (TDRS) program in a private practice vertically integrated system to increase compliance with retinal screening. METHODS: A retrospective pre-post intervention longitudinal study was conducted in a private endocrinology practice using TDRS as the primary intervention. Compliance rates for diabetic retinal screening were compared between December 31, 2016 and December 31, 2018. RESULTS: A total population of 3479 patients were evaluated. Retinal screening compliance improved from 56.5% of patients (1964) pre-intervention to 59.3% of patients (2064) post intervention. The McNemar test was used for statistical analysis and found the change significant (p = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS: TDRS as an adjunct tool in a private practice endocrinology office significantly improved screening rates and can increase access to recommended diabetic eye care. However, the improvement in screening rates was smaller than other types of practice settings. We explore some of the unique challenges to implementation of TDRS in private practice settings.

Management of a Previously Treated, Calcified, and Dilacerated Maxillary Lateral Incisor: A Combined Nonsurgical/Surgical Approach Assisted by Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Teeth with calcified canals, dilacerated roots, and associated large periradicular lesions involving both cortical plates pose a challenge to dentists. In addition to the nonsurgical endodontic treatment, such teeth may require surgical intervention with concomitant use of bone grafting materials and barrier techniques. These techniques, when combined with the use of a host modulating agent such as platelet-rich fibrin (PRF), may improve the chances of success. A 26-year-old woman was referred for dental treatment with a recurrence of an intraoral sinus tract 2 months after periradicular surgery in the upper anterior region. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed a calcified and perforated maxillary left lateral incisor with a severely dilacerated root as well as an associated large radiolucent lesion surrounding the roots of the maxillary left central and lateral incisors. A cone-beam computed tomographic scan of the anterior maxilla showed erosion of the labial and palatal cortical plates in the same region. A calcified canal in the lateral incisor was negotiated up to the straight line portion of the canal. Periradicular surgery with root-end resection was performed, and root-end filling was performed with mineral trioxide aggregate. The perforation present on the middle third of the labial surface of the root was repaired with mineral trioxide aggregate, and the canal was cleaned, shaped, and obturated. A PRF scaffold was prepared and used with a collagen membrane and a freeze-dried bone allograft. Follow-up visits after 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year revealed satisfactory clinical and radiographic healing. The combined use of nonsurgical and surgical modes of treatment cannot be overemphasized in this case. The use of PRF along with a bone graft and a barrier membrane may have enhanced the speed of healing and the resolution of periradicular radiolucency by enhancing bone regeneration.