Erratum: Transverse Wobbling in

This corrects the article DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.082501.

Longitudinal Wobbling Motion in

The rare phenomenon of nuclear wobbling motion has been investigated in the nucleus ^{187}Au. A longitudinal wobbling-bands pair has been identified and clearly distinguished from the associated signature-partner band on the basis of angular distribution measurements. Theoretical calculations in the framework of the particle rotor model are found to agree well with the experimental observations. This is the first experimental evidence for longitudinal wobbling bands where the expected signature partner band has also been identified, and establishes this exotic collective mode as a general phenomenon over the nuclear chart.

Fragmentation of Single-Particle Strength around the Doubly Magic Nucleus

Spectroscopic factors of neutron-hole and proton-hole states in ^{131}Sn and ^{131}In, respectively, were measured using one-nucleon removal reactions from doubly magic ^{132}Sn at relativistic energies. For ^{131}In, a 2910(50)-keV γ ray was observed for the first time and tentatively assigned to a decay from a 5/2^{-} state at 3275(50) keV to the known 1/2^{-} level at 365 keV. The spectroscopic factors determined for this new excited state and three other single-hole states provide first evidence for a strong fragmentation of single-hole strength in ^{131}Sn and ^{131}In. The experimental results are compared to theoretical calculations based on the relativistic particle-vibration coupling model and to experimental information for single-hole states in the stable doubly magic nucleus ^{208}Pb.

Incidence of amphistome infection in sheep from Mhow, Madhya Pradesh.

A total of 445 faecal samples and 128 rumens of sheep collected from Slaughter house, Mhow (Madhya Pradesh) were examined for a period of 1 year from February 2011 to January 2012. Faecal sample examination based, incidence of amphistomes was found to be 23.37% from the study area. The incidence of amphistomes was significantly higher (p < 0.01) during summer (36.75%) than winter (27.74%) and monsoon (3.52%). Age-wise, non-significantly higher infection was observed in ≥1 year-old animals (23.61%) than <1 year-old animals (23.11%). Non-significantly higher rate of infection was recorded in case of females (25.63%) than that of males (19.64%). Out of 128, 49 (38.28%) rumens were found positive for amphistomes. The prevalence of Paramphistomum cervi (27.34%) was found to be significantly (p < 0.01) higher than Gastrothylax crumenifer (10.94%).

Observation of the Isovector Giant Monopole Resonance via the

The (^{10}Be,^{10}B^{*}[1.74 MeV]) charge-exchange reaction at 100 AMeV is presented as a new probe for isolating the isovector (ΔT=1) nonspin-transfer (ΔS=0) response of nuclei, with ^{28}Si being the first nucleus studied. By using a secondary ^{10}Be beam produced by fast fragmentation of ^{18}O nuclei at the NSCL Coupled Cyclotron Facility, applying the dispersion-matching technique with the S800 magnetic spectrometer to determine the excitation energy in ^{28}Al, and performing high-resolution γ-ray tracking with the Gamma-Ray Energy Tracking In-beam Nuclear Array (GRETINA) to identify the 1022-keV γ ray associated with the decay from the 1.74-MeV T=1 isobaric analog state in ^{10}B, a ΔS=0 excitation-energy spectrum in ^{28}Al was extracted. Monopole and dipole contributions were determined through a multipole-decomposition analysis, and the isovector giant dipole resonance and isovector giant monopole resonance (IVGMR) were identified. The results show that this probe is a powerful tool for studying the elusive IVGMR, which is of interest for performing stringent tests of modern density functional theories at high excitation energies and for constraining the bulk properties of nuclei and nuclear matter. The extracted distributions were compared with theoretical calculations based on the normal-modes formalism and the proton-neutron relativistic time-blocking approximation. Calculated cross sections based on these strengths underestimate the data by about a factor of 2, which likely indicates deficiencies in the reaction calculations based on the distorted wave Born approximation.

Transverse wobbling in

A pair of transverse wobbling bands is observed in the nucleus ^{135}Pr. The wobbling is characterized by ΔI=1, E2 transitions between the bands, and a decrease in the wobbling energy confirms its transverse nature. Additionally, a transition from transverse wobbling to a three-quasiparticle band comprised of strong magnetic dipole transitions is observed. These observations conform well to results from calculations with the tilted axis cranking model and the quasiparticle rotor model.

Measurement of the isoscalar monopole response in the neutron-rich nucleus 68Ni.

The isoscalar monopole response has been measured in the unstable nucleus (68)Ni using inelastic alpha scattering at 50A MeV in inverse kinematics with the active target MAYA at GANIL. The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (ISGMR) centroid was determined to be 21.1 ± 1.9 MeV and indications for a soft monopole mode are provided for the first time at 12.9 ± 1.0 MeV. Analysis of the corresponding angular distributions using distorted-wave-born approximation with random-phase approximation transition densities indicates that the L = 0 multipolarity dominates the cross section for the ISGMR and significantly contributes to the low-energy mode. The L=0 part of this low-energy mode, the soft monopole mode, is dominated by neutron excitations. This demonstrates the relevance of inelastic alpha scattering in inverse kinematics in order to probe both the ISGMR and isoscalar soft modes in neutron-rich nuclei.

Speaking to a Wider Audience about the Positive Contributions of Psychiatry.

We live in a world that is increasingly complex, intense, and stressful. Most people, at some time or other in their lives, can make good use of psychiatry as they map their course and steer their way through it. While this holds true, there also exists a very disturbing trend. No other branch of medicine suffers a similar, constant criticism, scrutiny and quite often downright vehement protest. Even the service users, who have been greatly benefitted, choose to stay mum for fear of stigmatization that may follow if they admit to have undergone therapy. The onus lies on both, the service users and providers alike, to take the positive contributions of psychiatry to the masses at large. All of us, especially medical professionals, need to consider our own attitudes and awareness. The recognition that anyone will break down if mental stress is high enough should help free us from a 'them and us' attitude. Reading about people's own experience of mental illness can promote understanding: Examples include a successful actress and a prize-winning author. For mental health practitioners, enabling service users to influence service development is another strong anti-stigma move. A cognitive behavior therapy approach can help individuals overcome the stigma felt and also cope better with discrimination. Also, we need to stand up against mental health discrimination wherever it is encountered.

Nuclear structure towards N = 40 60Ca: in-beam γ-ray spectroscopy of 58,60Ti.

Excited states in the neutron-rich N = 38, 36 nuclei (60)Ti and (58)Ti were populated in nucleon-removal reactions from (61)V projectiles at 90 MeV/nucleon. The γ-ray transitions from such states in these Ti isotopes were detected with the advanced γ-ray tracking array GRETINA and were corrected event by event for large Doppler shifts (v/c ∼ 0.4) using the γ-ray interaction points deduced from online signal decomposition. The new data indicate that a steep decrease in quadrupole collectivity occurs when moving from neutron-rich N = 36, 38 Fe and Cr toward the Ti and Ca isotones. In fact, (58,60)Ti provide some of the most neutron-rich benchmarks accessible today for calculations attempting to determine the structure of the potentially doubly magic nucleus (60)Ca.

Evidence for multiple chiral doublet bands in 133Ce.

Two distinct sets of chiral-partner bands have been identified in the nucleus 133Ce. They constitute a multiple chiral doublet, a phenomenon predicted by relativistic mean field (RMF) calculations and observed experimentally here for the first time. The properties of these chiral bands are in good agreement with results of calculations based on a combination of the constrained triaxial RMF theory and the particle-rotor model.

Tidal waves in 102Pd: a rotating condensate of multiple d bosons.

Low-lying collective excitations in even-even vibrational and transitional nuclei may be described semiclassically as quadrupole running waves on the surface of the nucleus ("tidal waves"), and the observed vibrational-rotational behavior can be thought of as resulting from a rotating condensate of interacting d bosons. These concepts have been investigated by measuring lifetimes of the levels in the yrast band of the (102)Pd nucleus with the Doppler shift attenuation method. The extracted B(E2) reduced transition probabilities for the yrast band display a monotonic increase with spin, in agreement with the interpretation based on rotation-induced condensation of aligned d bosons.

Gamma-ray fast-timing coincidence measurements from the 18O+18O fusion-evaporation reaction using a mixed LaBr3-HPGe array.

We report on a gamma-ray coincidence analysis using a mixed array of hyperpure germanium and cerium-doped lanthanum tri-bromide (LaBr3:Ce) scintillation detectors to study nuclear electromagnetic transition rates in the pico-to-nanosecond time regime in 33,34P and 33S following fusion-evaporation reactions between an 18O beam and an isotopically enriched 18O implanted tantalum target. Energies from decay gamma-rays associated with the reaction residues were measured in event-by-event coincidence mode, with the measured time difference information between the pairs of gamma-rays in each event also recorded using the ultra-fast coincidence timing technique. The experiment used the good full-energy peak resolution of the LaBr3:Ce detectors coupled with their excellent timing responses in order to determine the excited state lifetime associated with the lowest lying, cross-shell, Iπ=4- "intruder" state previously reported in the N=19 isotone 34P. The extracted lifetime is consistent with a mainly single-particle M2 multipolarity associated with a f7/2→d5/2 single particle transition.

Effects of valproic acid on organic acid metabolism in children: a metabolic profiling study.

Young children are at increased risk for valproic acid (VPA) hepatotoxicity. Urinary organic acid profiles, as a surrogate of mitochondrial function, were obtained in children 1.9 to 17.3 years of age (n = 52) who were undergoing treatment with VPA for seizure disorders. Age-matched patients receiving treatment with carbamazepine (CBZ; n = 50) and healthy children not undergoing treatment (n = 22) served as controls. Age-related changes in organic acid profiles were observed in all three groups. Although the untreated and CBZ control groups were indistinguishable from each other with respect to the principal-component analysis (PCA) score plots of the subjects, a distinct boundary was apparent between the VPA and each of the control groups. Interindividual variability was observed in the VPA-induced alterations in endogenous pathways corresponding to branched-chain amino acid metabolism and oxidative stress. The data suggest that more detailed metabolomic analysis may provide novel insights into biological mechanisms and predictive biomarkers for children at highest risk for serious toxicity.

Structure of 240Pu: evidence for octupole phonon condensation?

The expanded level structure of 240Pu available from the present study highlights the role of strong octupole correlations in this nucleus. In addition to a delayed alignment in the yrast band, the observations include the presence of both I(+)-->(I-1)(-) and I(-)-->(I-1)(+)E1 transitions linking states of the yrast and negative-parity bands at high spin and the presence of an additional even-spin, positive-parity band deexciting exclusively to the negative-parity sequence. The observations appear to be consistent with expectations based on the recently proposed concept of octupole phonon condensation.

Carotid intimomedial thickness in type 2 diabetic patients and its correlation with coronary risk factors.

AIMS: To compare the carotid intimal-medial thickness in type 2 diabetics with and without coronary artery disease (CAD), and to correlate the intimal-medial thickness (IMT) with known coronary risk factors. METHODS: One hundred and eleven patients of type 2 diabetes were recruited for the study. History and physical examination were recorded. Laboratory investigations included fasting and 2-hour post-prandial blood sugar, blood urea, serum creatinine, lipid profile, glycated haemoglobin, and microalbuminuria. Ultrasonographic scanning of the carotid arteries was performed to measure the carotid IMT. For identification of cases of silent ischaemia, treadmill test (TMT) was performed. RESULTS: The study group was divided into a non-CAD group (n=40), and a CAD group (n=71). The mean carotid IMT of the group as a whole, was 0.840 +/- 0.2 mm. The mean carotid IMT was significantly higher (p<0.0001) in type 2 diabetics with CAD (both overt and silent) than in those without CAD. In diabetics with CAD, the systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and triglycerides were found to be predictors of high mean carotid IMT. On subgroup analysis of the cases with silent ischaemia, the variables affecting carotid IMT were serum creatinine, total cholesterol, microalbuminuria/proteinuria, serum triglyceride levels, and diastolic blood pressure. CONCLUSION: A high carotid IMT is a surrogate and reliable marker of higher risk of CAD amongst type 2 diabetic patients, even in those without overt CAD. The study underlines the utility of carotid IMT as a simple, non-invasive, safe, and cheap screening test for the assessment of risk/prognosis of CAD in type 2 diabetics. We have also demonstrated the usefulness of measuring IMT, as a means to detect silent CAD among type 2 diabetics.

First measurement of the giant monopole and quadrupole resonances in a short-lived nucleus: 56Ni.

The isoscalar giant monopole resonance (GMR) and giant quadrupole resonance (GQR) have been measured in the 56Ni unstable nucleus by inducing the 56Ni(d,d') reaction at 50A MeV in the Maya active target at the GANIL facility. The GMR and GQR centroids are measured at 19.3+/-0.5 MeV and 16.2+/-0.5 MeV, respectively. The corresponding angular distributions are extracted from 3 degrees to 7 degrees . A multipole decomposition analysis using distorted wave Born approximation with random phase approximation transition densities shows that both the GMR and the GQR exhaust a large fraction of the energy-weighted sum rule. The demonstration of this new method opens a broad range of giant resonance studies at intermediate-energy radioactive beam facilities.

Isotopic dependence of the giant monopole resonance in the even-A 112-124Sn isotopes and the asymmetry term in nuclear incompressibility.

The strength distributions of the giant monopole resonance (GMR) have been measured in the even-A Sn isotopes (A=112-124) with inelastic scattering of 400-MeV alpha particles in the angular range 0 degrees -8.5 degrees . We find that the experimentally observed GMR energies of the Sn isotopes are lower than the values predicted by theoretical calculations that reproduce the GMR energies in 208Pb and 90Zr very well. From the GMR data, a value of Ktau = -550 +/- 100 MeV is obtained for the asymmetry term in the nuclear incompressibility.

From chiral vibration to static chirality in (135)Nd.

Electromagnetic transition probabilities have been measured for the intraband and interband transitions in the two sequences in the nucleus (135)Nd that were previously identified as a composite chiral pair of rotational bands. The chiral character of the bands is affirmed and it is shown that their behavior is associated with a transition from a vibrational into a static chiral regime.

Ultrasonographic evaluation of gallbladder volume in diabetics.

AIMS AND OBJECTIVE: Ultrasonographic determination of gallbladder volume in diabetics [both type I and type 2], it's comparison with a control group, and correlation of gallbladder volume in diabetics with parameters such as age, sex, body mass index, parity, hyperlipidaemia, and autonomic neuropathy. MATERIALS AND METHOD: Ninety one cases of diabetes mellitus and 40 healthy controls were recruited for the study. A detailed history and physical examination were recorded. Laboratory investigations done were--fasting and postprandial blood sugar, glycosylated haemoglobin, microalbuminuria, and serum lipid profile. Autonomic neuropathy was determined by using simple non-invasive bedside tests. Fasting gallbladder volume was measured by ultrasonography (calculated by ellipsoid formula). RESULTS: The mean fasting gallbladder volume was 18.20 +/- 2.54 ml in type I diabetics and 25.87 +/- 13.90 ml in type 2 diabetics, with a minimum value of 9.30 ml and maximum value of 88 ml. When type 2 diabetics were subgrouped according to the presence of autonomic neuropathy, higher gallbladder volumes were seen in patients with autonomic neuropathy. CONCLUSIONS: Cholecystomegaly, to a significant degree, was found in type 2 diabetics in the present study. It was significantly correlated with age, body mass index, and the severity of autonomic neuropathy. In male type 2 diabetics, gallbladder volume was significantly correlated with LDL cholesterol levels. In female type 2 diabetics, gallbladder volume was significantly correlated with waist-hip ratio. Gallbladder volume also had significant correlation with proliferative diabetic retinopathy, but not with glycaemic control, microalbuminuria, hypertension, or the duration of diabetes.