Seminal plasma removal for medium-term preservation of ram sperm at 5 °C.

This study aimed to investigate if washing ram sperm from seminal plasma (SP) could be an effective tool to extend sperm lifespan in medium-term preservation in liquid form to optimize ovine artificial insemination protocols. To this end, in Experiment 1 SP was added to a sperm model without previous contact with this substance (ram epididymal sperm) at the beginning or the end of a 48-hour preservation protocol at 5 °C (n = 13). Sperm motility and kinetic parameters and sperm functionality in terms of sperm viability, apoptosis, mitochondrial activity and reacted acrosomes were assessed after 6 h of storage at 15 °C (standard liquid preservation method) and 24 and 48 h at 5 °C. Extended sperm showed better results after 48 h when stored in the absence than in the presence of SP in most sperm quality parameters. Moreover, the final SP supplementation of this experimental group resulted in the highest sperm motility and kinetic parameters, viability and mitochondrial activity. These results suggested that initial SP deprivation could be beneficial in a medium-term ram sperm preservation protocol in liquid form, as well as a final supplementation. Therefore, we conducted Experiment 2 to evaluate the effect of SP removal from freshly ejaculated ram semen under the same storage conditions as in Experiment 1 (n = 12). Surprisingly, SP withdrawal impaired sperm functionality, leading to increased apoptosis and decreased mitochondrial activity after 24 and 48 h at 5 °C. Conversely, SP supplementation at the end of the preservation protocol of the ejaculate processed as usual had a positive effect on sperm quality and fertility. To summarize, SP absence was beneficial for a medium-term preservation protocol (up to 48 h at 5 °C) of ram epididymal sperm, but the same preservation protocol for ram ejaculated sperm revealed a possible failure of the SP removal method in avoiding the sperm-SP interaction effect. Meanwhile, SP supplementation of ram semen at the end of the preservation protocol increased in vitro sperm quality and fertility after artificial insemination.

Effects of Mental Visualization on Plyometric Performance and Self-Confidence of Football Players.

Plyometric training in football is essential for enhancing athletic performance, as it allows for increasing strength and speed in gameplay. Meanwhile, mental visualization improves players' technical play and motor performance during both training and competitions, thereby contributing to an overall sports performance enhancement. Collectively, physical and technical training is thought to boost athletes' confidence in facing competitive demands. Our aim in the present study was to analyze the effectiveness of mental visualization during a plyometric training program for improving strength speed, and competitive self-confidence in young adult football (soccer) players. Our sample consisted of 40 male players aged between 19 and 25 years (M = 20.82; SD = 1.26). We used a quasi-experimental design with a control group and pretest/posttest measurements. The experimental group participated in an 8-week plyometric training program that incorporated visualization tasks, while the control group underwent the same program but without visualization exercises. We found significant improvements for the experimental group on vertical jump (p = .047) and speed (50-m sprints) (p < .034) tests, as well as in their perceived competitive self-confidence (p < .017). These findings suggest that combining plyometric exercises with visualization tasks may contribute to better motor learning, increased lower limb muscle speed and strength, and self-confidence to face competition.

Effects of a Psychological Intervention Program on Competitive Anxiety and Psychological Profile in Young Soccer Players.

Our aim in the present study was to test the efficacy of a 13-week, 19-session psychological intervention program on young soccer players' competitive anxiety and their sport psychological profiles. Participants were 37 players in the under-15 age category, of which 18 players formed the experimental group (M age = 14.67 years, SD = .48) and 19 players formed the control group (Mage = 14.23 years, SD = .42); this was a quasi-experimental design without random assignment to groups. We had all participants complete the Psychological Inventory of Sport Performance (IPED), the Questionnaire of Psychological Characteristics of Sport Performance (CPRD), and the Competition State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) before and after the intervention. Results indicated positive effects for the intervention group (but not the control group) on stress control and motivation dimensions of the CPRD, cognitive anxiety and self-confidence on the CSAI-2, and self-confidence and attentional control on the IPED. These results suggest that psychological training for athletes contributes to their improved psychological skills, providing them tools to better adapt to the competitive environment.

Splenic Embolism in Infective Endocarditis: A Systematic Review of the Literature with an Emphasis on Radiological and Histopathological Diagnoses.

Infective endocarditis (IE) is characterised by fever, heart murmurs, and emboli. Splenic emboli are frequent in left-sided IE. A systematic review of the literature published on splenic embolism (SE) between 2000 and 2023 was conducted. Search strategies in electronic databases identified 2751 studies published between 1 January 2000 and 4 October 2023, of which 29 were finally included. The results showed that the imaging tests predominantly used to detect embolisms were computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging, positron emission tomography (PET)/CT, single-photon emission computed tomography/CT, ultrasound, and contrast-enhanced ultrasound. More recent studies typically used 18F-FDG PET-CT. The proportion of SE ranged from 1.4% to 71.7%. Only seven studies performed systematic conventional CT screening for intra-abdominal emboli, and the weighted mean frequency of SE was 22% (range: 8-34.8%). 18F-FDG PET-CT was performed systematically in seven studies, and splenic uptake was found in a weighted mean of 4.5%. There was a lack of uniformity in the published literature regarding the frequency and management of splenic embolisation. CT scans were the most frequently used method, until recently, when 18F-FDG PET-CT scans began to predominate. More data are necessary regarding the frequency of SE, especially focusing on their impact on IE management and prognosis.

The Adaptation Time to the Extender as a Crucial Step for an Accurate Evaluation of Ram Sperm Quality during the Liquid Storage.

Accurate assessment of ram sperm quality is crucial to optimizing assisted reproductive technologies in sheep. However, semen preservation can induce sperm due to osmotic, biochemical, and thermal stress. Stabilizing sperm with a suitable cooling rate and adaptation period to the extender could mitigate these effects for a more reliable evaluation. This study aimed to determine: (1) the best time to assess ram sperm quality, and (2) the factor responsible for the altered state of ram sperm during the first hours of liquid storage. In Experiment 1, ejaculated sperm were diluted and assessed for sperm motility and functionality at four preservation times: 0, 3, 6, and 24 h as sperm damage control. Both sperm motility and functionality improved after 6 h. Experiment 2 investigated the factor responsible for sperm quality change by testing the interactions of seminal plasma and extender with sperm from epididymides independently and in combination. The evaluation of sperm was performed as in Experiment 1. Sperm in groups containing the extender showed altered motility at 0 and 24 h, and lower functionality at 0 h. Thus, we could assume that extender addition initially alters ram sperm, causing sublethal damage that is reversible after 3 to 6 h of semen preservation. In conclusion, ram sperm require an adaptation time of 3 to 6 h to the extender before an accurate quality assessment can be conducted. This has practical implications for reproduction centers, enabling better workflow organization and optimal expression of ram sperm attributes when cervical artificial insemination is routinely performed.

The characterization of CellROX™ probes could be a crucial factor in ram sperm quality assessment.

Several authors have demonstrated that low levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are necessary for the physiological functions of sperm, such as capacitation, hyperactivation, acrosomal reaction and fertilization. However, high levels of ROS are associated with oxidative stress and detrimental effects on fertility. Consequently, deep characterization of ROS presence using different fluorescent probes could be crucial. In this sense, the study of intracellular ROS localization and the relationships between ROS and other conventional parameters could improve the characterization of sperm quality for semen preservation protocols in rams. In this work, a multiparametric study was carried out by analyzing four experimental groups of ram sperm with different initial qualities: fresh semen (from both breeding and nonbreeding seasons), frozen-thawed semen and, a positive control group treated with hydrogen peroxide (300 µM) as a marker of extreme damage. Sperm analyses, including viability, apoptosis, lipid peroxidation, motility and kinetic parameters, were applied to compare several experimental groups with different sperm qualities. After that, the signals from two different ROS probes: CellROX™ Deep Red (CRDR) and Green (CRG), were examined by flow cytometry (percentage of cells that express ROS) and fluorescence microscopy (intracellular ROS location). Comparing conventional parameters, fresh samples from the breeding season showed the highest sperm quality, while the positive control samples showed the worst sperm quality. Concerning the ROS probes, the CRDR levels were higher in fresh samples from the breeding season than in the positive control and cryopreserved samples. Surprisingly, CRG presented its highest level (P < 0.05) in the positive control group treated with peroxide by flow cytometry. CRDR and CRG presented opposite labeling patterns that were corroborated by fluorescence microscopy, which determined that the probes localized in different parts of sperm. CRDR was found in the sperm mitochondrial region, while CRG was observed in the cell nucleus, suggesting that ROS localization is an important factor. Finally, our study indicates that CRDR is correlated with proper viability and sperm motility, and could be associated with high mitochondrial activity, while CRG is associated with sperm damage.

Sperm traits and seminal plasma proteome of locally adapted hairy rams subjected to intermittent scrotal insulation.

The present study evaluated the effects of heat stress on reproductive parameters of hairy rams. Six animals were subjected to scrotal insulation during four consecutive nights (6 PM - 6 AM). Day (D) 0 was the first day of insulation. Scrotal circumference increased from 30.5 ± 0.3 cm (at pre-insulation) to 31.8 ± 0.4 cm on D4, decreased 3.9 cm on D28, returning to 30.6 ± 0.6 cm on D57. Sperm concentration decreased from 3.7 ± 0.12 ×109 sperm/mL before insulation to 2.6 ± 0.1 ×109 on D23, returning to normal on D57. Sperm motility averaged 75 ± 2.9% before insulation, was undetectable on D23, and became normal on D77. Sperm with normal morphology reached 5.9 ± 2.6% on D35 but recovered (86.8 ± 2.1%) on D91. Sperm DNA integrity decreased from 86.5 ± 4.7% before insulation to 11.1 ± 3.7% on D63, returning to pre-insulation values on D120. Sperm BSP immunostaining was reduced after scrotal insulation. Variations in seminal protein abundances coincided with changes in sperm parameters. Seminal plasma superoxide dismutase, carboxypeptidase Q-precursor and NPC intracellular cholesterol transporter 2 decreased on D18, returning to normal after D28. Albumin, inhibitor of carbonic anhydrase precursor, EGF-like repeat and discoid I-like domain-containing protein 3 and polymeric immunoglobulin receptor increased after insulation. In summary, intermittent scrotal insulation drastically altered ram sperm attributes and seminal proteins, especially those associated with oxidative stress. Knowledge of animal´s response to thermal stress is vital in the scenario of climate changes.

Motivational orientation and intention to be physically active in physical education students: The role of motor self-efficacy / Orientação motivacional e intenção de ser fisicamente ativo em estudantes de educação física: O papel da auto-eficácia motora / Orientación motivacional e intención de ser físicamente activo en estudiantes de educación física: El papel de la autoeficacia motriz

La motivación orientada a la tarea se vincula con la tendencia de los estudiantes de Educación Física a asociarse con una mayor probabilidad de ser físicamente activos en el futuro y fuera de las clases de Educación Física, mientras que la motivación orientada al ego estaría vinculada a una menor probabilidad de desarrollar estilos de vida activos. Además, la literatura existente ha mostrado que la percepción de autoeficacia también sería una variable que determina la intención de ser activo. Así, el objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las relaciones entre la orientación motivacional y la intención de ser activo, analizando el papel de la autoeficacia motriz en estas relaciones. Para ello, se desarrolló un modelo de ecuaciones estructurales en el que se evaluaron los efectos directos e indirectos entre las variables. Participaron en esta investigación 478 adolescentes con edades comprendidas entre los 13 y los 18 años (M=14.57; DT=1.15). Para la recogida de información se utilizaron elCuestionario Orientación al Ego y a la Tarea en el Deporte (TEOSQ), la Escala de Autoeficacia Motriz (MSES) y la Escala de Intención de Ser Físicamente Activo (MIFA). Los datos mostraron una relación positiva y directa entre la orientación a la tarea con la autoeficacia motriz y la intención de ser activo. Asimismo, los datos mostraron una relación positiva y directa entre la orientaciónal ego con la autoeficacia motora, pero no con la intención de ser activo. Asimismo, se observaron efectos indirectos y positivos entre la orientación a la tarea y al ego con la intención de ser activo. Por lo tanto, los resultados de este estudio muestran que podría ser necesario tener en cuenta la autoeficacia para comprender mejor las relaciones entre las orientaciones motivacionales y la intención de ser activo.(AU)

Task-oriented is linked to the tendency of Physical Education students to be associated with a higher likelihoodof being physically active in the future and outside of Physical Education classes, while ego-oriented motivation is linked to a lower likelihood of developing active lifestyles. However, existing literature has shown that self-efficacy perception is also a variable that determines the intention to be active. Thus, this research aimed to analyze the relationships between motivational orientationand the intention to be active, examining the role of motor self-efficacy in these relationships. To this end, astructural equation model was developed in which direct and indirect effects between the variables were evaluated. A total of 478 adolescents aged between 13 and 18 years old (M=14.57; SD=1.15) participated in this research. The Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), the Motor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES), and the Intention of Being Physically Active Scale (MIFA) were used to collect information. The data showed a positive and direct relationship between task orientation with motor self-efficacy and intention to be active. Likewise, the data showed a positive and direct relationship between ego orientation and motor self-efficacy, but not to be active. Additionally, indirect and positive effects were observed between task and ego orientation to be active. Therefore, the results of this study suggest that it might be necessary to consider self-efficacy to better understand the relationships between motivational orientations and intention to be active.(AU)

A orientação para a tarefa está ligada à tendência dos estudantes de Educação Física para serem fisicamente activos no futuro bem como fora das aulas de Educação Física. Por outro lado, a orientação para o ego está mais relacionada com uma menor probabilidade de desenvolverem estilos de vida activos. No entanto, a literatura existente tem demonstrado que a perceção de auto-eficácia seria também uma variável que determina a intenção de ser ativo. Assim, o objetivodo presente estudo foi analisar as relações entre a orientação motivacional e a intenção de ser ativo, analisando o papel da auto-eficácia motora nestas relações. Para isso, foi desenvolvido um modelo de equações estruturais no qual foram avaliados os efeitos diretos e indiretos. Participaram nesta investigação 478 adolescentes com idades compreendidas entre os 13 e os 18 anos (M=14,57; DP=1,15). Para a recolha de informação foram utilizados o Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ), aMotor Self-Efficacy Scale (MSES) e a Intention ofBeing Physically Active Scale (MIFA). Os dados revelaram uma relação positiva e direta entre a orientação para a tarefa, a auto-eficácia motora e a intenção de ser ativo. Além disso, os dados revelaram uma relação positiva e direta entre a orientação para o ego e a auto-eficácia motora, mas não com a intenção de ser ativo. Da mesma forma, foram observados efeitos indirectos positivos entre a orientação para a tarefa e a orientação para o ego com a intenção de ser ativo. Portanto, os resultados deste estudo sugerem que pode ser necessário considerar a autoeficácia para entender as relações entre as orientações motivacionais e a intenção de ser ativo.(AU)

Influencia del juego interior de la selección española de baloncesto en el rendimiento: análisis de coordenadas polares / Influência do jogo interno da selecção nacional de basquetebol espanhola no desempenho: análise das coordenadas polares / The influence of Spanish basketball team inside game in performance: polar coordinates analysis

En los últimos años se ha incrementado el interés por conocer las acciones más efectivas durante la competición ya que este hecho se ha mostrado esencial para mejorar el rendimiento de los jugadores en el deporte de élite; particularmente en los deportes colectivos el análisis táctico ha crecido de forma exponencial. El objetivo de este estudio fue detectar las relaciones que se establecen entre las conductas de finalización de los jugadores interiores de un equipo de baloncesto y su repercusión en el rendimiento del equipo. Para ello, y utilizando un diseño nomotético, de seguimientoy multidimensional, se realizó un análisis de coordenadas polares con las observaciones del juego de la Selección Española de Baloncesto Senior Masculina durante su participación en el Campeonato de Europa de 2015. La herramienta de observación creada ha superado el análisis de calidad del dato exigible en Metodología Observacional y está compuesta por 5 criterios y 29 categorías exhaustivas y mutuamente excluyentes. Se registraron un total de 316 acciones ofensivas, que pusieron de manifiesto la influencia de los jugadores que ocupan las posiciones interiores en el ataque estático. Los resultados muestran una alta efectividad cuando los ataques son acabados por ellos y la alta producción ofensiva de estos jugadores en acciones individuales, siendo capaces de conseguir canastas o provocar faltas a sus defensores. El análisis de coordenadas polares se ha mostrado como una técnica útil para el análisis táctico de las conductas que suceden en el deporte de competición. (AU)

In recent years, there has been an increased interest in knowing the most effective actions during competition, as this fact has proven essential to improve the performance of players in elite sport; particularly in team sports, tactical analysis has grownexponentially. The objective of this study was to detect the relationships that were obtained between the finishing behaviors of the inside players of a basketball team and it is impact on team performance. To do so, and using nomothetic, follow-up and multidimensional observational design, polar coordinates analysis was performed from the observations of the game of the Spanish men basketball team during European Championships in 2015. The observational tool, formed by 5 criteria and 29 exhaustive and mutually exclusive categories, was created and passed the data quality analysis required in Observational Methodology. A total of 316 offensive actions were registered and revealed the influence of the inside players in the static attack. The results showed ahigh effectiveness when the attacks are finished by inside players, and the high offensive production of these players in individual actions, being able to get baskets or cause fouls to their defenders. Polar coordinates analysis has been shown as a useful technique to tactical analysis of the behaviors that occur in competitive sport. (AU)

Nos últimos anos tem havido um interesse crescente em conhecer as acções mais eficazes durante a competição, uma vez que este facto se revelou essencial para melhorar o desempenho dos jogadores no desporto de elite; particularmente nos desportos colectivos, a análise táctica tem crescido exponencialmente. O objectivo deste estudo era detectar as relações estabelecidas entre os comportamentos finais dos jogadores internos de uma equipa de basquetebol e o seu impacto no desempenho da equipa. Para o fazer, e utilizando um design nomotético, de seguimento e multidimensional, foi realizada uma análise de coordenadas polares com as observações do jogo da Selecção Espanhola de Basquetebol Masculino Sénior durante a sua participação no Campeonato Europeu de 2015. O instrumento de observação criado passou a análise da qualidade dos dados exigida na Metodologia de Observação e é composto por 5 critérios e 29 categorias exaustivas e mutuamente excludentes. Foi registado um total de 316 acções ofensivas, que mostraram a influência de jogadores que ocupavam posições internas no ataque estático. Os resultados mostram uma elevada eficácia quando os ataques são finalizados por eles e a elevada produção ofensiva destes jogadores em acções individuais, podendo obter cestos ou causar faltas aos seus defensores. A análise das coordenadas polares demonstrouser uma técnica útil para a análise táctica dos comportamentos que ocorrem no desporto de competição. (AU)

Polar Coordinate Analysis to study counterattacks in senior and under-16 Men's Handball / Análisis de Coordenadas Polares para estudiar el contraataque senior y sub 16 en balonmano masculino / Análise do contra-ataque sênior e sub 16 no handebol masculino usando coordenadas polares

The aim of this study was to analyze counterattack actions by elite and under-16 players in men's handball using a methodologically validated taxonomic system. We analyzed counterattack actions in 17 games involving elite players as well as 10 games in Spanish championship of under-16 regional teams. We used the HOISAN software package and employed the polar coordinate analysis technique from the perspective of genuine retrospectivity. The taxonomy of the coding system was developed through a combination of a field format system and an exhaustive and mutually exclusive (E/ME) system of categories. The instrument includes 19 criteria and 148 categories. The focal categories used in this study were behaviors having to do with ball recovery, ball transport and counterattack completion. Differences between the studied populations were found for counterattack completion, deployment, transport and ball recovery. Technical errors were associated with the 6:0 defense in the elite categories and with the 5:1 defense in the under-16 category. In the senior categories, the number of players participating in counterattacks tended to be higher and a numerical advantage in the opponent's half of the court was associated with the team being ahead in the score; in the under-16 category, this behavior was associated with trailing in the score. We also observed that greater defender and goalkeeper effectiveness gives rise to more counterattack situations and under more favorable circumstances, and that this effectiveness is a determining factor in the success of a counterattack. The polar coordinate technique has estimated the technical-tactical relations in competition, which will allow to determine the psychological intervention strategies that improve performance

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las acciones de contraataque de jugadores de élite y sub'16 en el balonmano masculino utilizando un sistema taxonómico validado metodológicamente. Analizamos las acciones en 17 partidos con jugadores de élite, así como 10 partidos en el campeonato de España de selecciones territoriales sub'16. Utilizamos el software HOISAN y empleamos la técnica de análisis de coordenadas polares desde la perspectiva de una retrospectividad genuina. La taxonomía del sistema de codificación se desarrolló mediante una combinación de un sistema de formato de campo y un sistema de categorías exhaustivo y mutuamente excluyente (E/ME). El instrumento incluye 19 criterios y 148 categorías. Las categorías focales utilizadas en este estudio fueron los comportamientos relacionados con la recuperación del balón, el transporte y la finalización del contraataque. Se encontraron diferencias entre las poblaciones estudiadas para la finalización del contraataque, el despliegue, el transporte y la recuperación. Los errores técnicos se asociaron con la defensa 6:0 en las categorías de élite y con la defensa 5:1 en la categoría de menores de 16 años. En las categorías senior, el número de jugadores que participaron en los contraataques tendió a ser mayor y una ventaja numérica en la mitad del campo se asoció con el equipo que estaba delante en el marcador; en la categoría sub'16, este comportamiento se asoció con el seguimiento en la puntuación. También se observa que una mayor efectividad del defensor y el portero da lugar a más situaciones de contraataque y en circunstancias más favorables, y que esta efectividad es un factor determinante en el éxito del contraataque. La técnica de coordenadas polares ha estimado las relaciones técnico-tácticas en competición, lo que permitirá determinar las estrategias de intervención psicológica que mejoren el rendimiento

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar as ações de contra-ataque no handebol masculino em dois grupos de jogadores de elite e um menor de 16 anos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo contribuir para a compreensão das ações no Handebol Masculino a partir de uma nova perspectiva. A partir de um sistema taxonômico validado metodologicamente, foram analisadas as ações de contra-ataque de 17 partidas de elite (10 da categoria espanhola mais alta de 2007-08 e 7 da equipe nacional no Campeonato Europeu de 2007) e 10 do campeonato de equipes regionais. sub 16 2006. Para isso, a técnica de coordenadas polares foi usada em sua versão genuína com o software Hoisan. As categorias focais têm sido utilizadas para recuperação de bola, transporte e comportamento de completação. Foram encontradas diferenças entre as terminações de contra-ataque nas três populações estudadas, bem como no modo de implantação, transporte e recuperação do celular. O erro técnico se manifesta desde a defesa 6: 0 nos seniores e 5: 1 no sub 16. Além disso, observouse que nas categorias seniores um número maior de jogadores participa e a superioridade numérica no centro do campo é alcançada com uma pontuação para por favor, estar no sub 16 com pontuação contra. Além disso, observouse que o aumento da eficiência defensiva e da meta traz mais situações de contra-ataque e em circunstâncias mais favoráveis, sendo decisivas para o sucesso do contra-ataque

Actividad física, funcionamiento cognitivo y psicosocial en una muestra preadolescente / Physical activity, cognitive and psychosocial functioning in a preadolescent sample / Atividade física, funcionamento cognitivo e psicossocial em uma amostra pré-adolescente

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar las diferencias existentes en diversas variables de funcionamiento cognitivo, psicosocial y condición física entre dos grupos de preadolescentes en función de la cantidad de práctica física semanal que realizaban. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 149 participantes (113 niños), entre 10 y 13 años de edad (M = 11.60; DT = 0.49). Para analizar el funcionamiento cognitivo se utilizó el Test de atención D2, las pruebas de interferencia y senderos de la batería de Evaluación Neuropsicológica de las Funciones Ejecutivas en Niños (ENFEN) y las pruebas de búsqueda de símbolos y claves de la Escala de Inteligencia para niños WISC-IV. Los instrumentos utilizados para evaluar el funcionamiento psicosocial fueron el Cuestionario Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF5) y la Escala de autoeficacia para niños (EAN). La condición física se evaluó a través del test de velocidad 5x10 metros, el test de Course Navette y el test de salto horizontal. Los resultados mostraron mejores puntuaciones en condición física (e. g. , VO2máx = p < .001; d' Cohen= 0.85, 95% IC [0.51, 1.18]), funcionamiento cognitivo (e. g. , Velocidad de procesamiento = p < .05; d' Cohen= 0.44, 95% IC [0.11, 0.77]) y psicosocial (e. g. , autoconcepto físico = p < .001; d' Cohen = 0.69, 95% IC [0.35, 1.02]) en los participantes que realizaban mayor actividad física semanal. Estos resultados son congruentes con investigaciones previas y sugieren la necesidad de promocionar la práctica física entre los niños y adolescentes por sus implicaciones en la salud y el bienestar

The objective of this study was to analyze the differences in various variables of cognitive and psychosocial functioning, as well as physical condition between two groups of preteens depending on the amount of weekly physical practice they performed. The sample consisted of 149 participants (113 preadolescent) with ages between 10 to 13 years old (M= 11.60; DT= 0.49). Regarding the cognitive function analysis, it was used the D2 Attentiveness questionnaire, the interference and paths of the battery of Neuropsychological Evaluation of the Executive Functions in Children (ENFEN) and the tests of search of symbols and keys of the Intelligence Scale for children (WISC-IV). The tests or tools used to size up the psychosocial wellness were the Self-concept Questionnaire Form 5 (AF5) and the Self-efficacy scale for children (EAN). In regard to the physical condition, Speed test 5x1, Course Navette test and Horizontal jump test were used. The results discharged by the research showed highest results in physical condition (e. g. , VO2max = p < .001; d' Cohen = 0.85, 95% IC [0.51, 1.18]), cognitive (e. g. , Processing speed = p < .05; d' Cohen = 0.44, 95% IC [0.11, 0.77]) and psychosocial functioning (e. g. , Physical self-concept = p < .001; d' Cohen = 0.69, 95% IC [0.35, 1.02]) in the participants who perform more physical activity per week. These results are congruent with previous research and suggest the need to promote physical practice among children and adolescents for their health and well-being implications

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar as diferenças em várias variáveis do funcionamento cognitivo, condição psicossocial e física entre dois grupos de pré-adolescentes, de acordo com a quantidade de prática física semanal realizada. A amostra foi composta por 149 participantes (113 crianças), com idades entre 10 e 13 anos (M = 11.60; DP = 0.49). Para analisar o funcionamento cognitivo, foram utilizados o Teste de Atenção D2, testes de interferência e percursos de bateria da Avaliação Neuropsicológica de Funções Executivas em Crianças (ENFEN) e os testes de símbolos e chaves da Escala de Inteligência para crianças. (WISC-IV). Os instrumentos utilizados para avaliar o funcionamento psicossocial foram o Questionário de Autoconceito Form 5 (AF5) e a Escala de Autoeficácia Infantil (EAN). A condição física foi avaliada através do teste de velocidade de 5x10 metros, do teste Course Navette e do teste de salto horizontal. Os resultados mostraram melhores pontuações em condição física (e. g. , VO2máx = p < .001; d' Cohen = 0.85, 95% IC [0.51, 1.18]), funcionamento cognitivo (e. g. , velocidade de processamento = p < .05; d' Cohen = 0.44, 95% IC [0.11, 0.77]) e psicossocial (e. g. , autoconceito físico = p < .001; d' Cohen = 0.69, 95% IC [0.35, 1.02]) em participantes que realizavam atividade física mais semanal . Esses resultados são consistentes com pesquisas anteriores e sugerem a necessidade de promover a prática física de crianças e adolescentes devido às suas implicações para a saúde e o bem-estar

Estudio de las acciones del portero en balonmano playa a través del análisis de coordenadas polares: diferencias por género / Performance of the goalkeeper in beach handball through polar coordinates analysis: differences by gender / Estudo das acções do porteiro no andebol de praia através da análise das coordenadas polares: diferenças por género

El objetivo de esta investigación fue analizar las conductas del portero en balonmano playa. Para ello, y diferenciando por género, por un lado, se realizó un análisis de coordenadas polares utilizando como conductas focales las relacionadas con la finalización del ataque, el gol de valor doble y la parada del portero; y por otro las que se refieren a la finalización de los dos puestos específicos más relevantes en el ataque posicional, el especialista y el pivote. Se realizaron un total de 12 sesiones de observación con el software informático HOISAN, utilizándose una herramienta diseñada ad hocde 11 criterios y 85 categorías. El diseño observacional utilizado fue puntual, multidimensional y nomotético. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron relaciones significativas y diferenciadas para las categorías masculina y femenina. En ambos casos ha coincidido que la actuación del portero es determinante para acabar ganando un partido. Sin embargo, en categoría masculina se ha observado una mayor participación en la construcción del contraataque posterior, así como una vinculación entre la ayuda de los defensas y la eficacia de sus acciones. Además, se han evidenciado formas diferentes de actuar en ambas categorías ante los distintos lanzadores del equipo contrario

The objective of this research was to analyze the behaviors of the goalkeeper in beach handball. To do this, and discriminating by gender, on the one hand, an analysis of polar coordinates was made using as focal behaviors those related to the end of the attack, the two-points goal and the save of the goalkeeper; and on the other, which related to the finalization of the two specific players more relevant in the positional attack, the specialist and the pivot. A total of 12 sessions were observed with the HOISAN computer software, using an ad hoc designed tool with 11 criteria and 85 categories. The model of observation used was punctual, multidimensional and nomothetic. The results obtained showed differences between the flow of behaviours that are significantly linked in the male category compared to the female category. In both categories has coincided that the performance of the goalkeeper is decisive to finish winning the match. However, in male category, a greater participation of the goalkeepers has been observed in the construction of the fastbreak, as well as a linkage between the defense and the effectiveness of their actions. In addition, there are different ways of acting in both categories face the different shots of the opposing team

O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar os comportamentos do goleiro em andebol praia. Para fazer isso, e discriminar por sexo, por um lado, realizou-se uma análise de coordenadas polares usando como ponto focal os comportamentos relacionados ao final do ataque, a meta de dois pontos e a paragem do goleiro; e por outro lado, as relativas à conclusão dos dois lugares específicos mais relevantes no ataque posicional, o especialista e o pivô. Um total de 12 sessões de observação com o software HOISAN, usando uma ferramenta numa base ad hoc de 11 critérios e 85 categorias. O modelo observacional usado foi pontual, multidimensional y nomotetico. Os resultados mostram relações significativas e diferenciadas para as categorias masculino e feminino. Em ambos os casos, coincidiu que o desempenho do goleiro é decisiva para terminar o jogo ganhando. No entanto, na categoria masculino, tem havido uma maior participação na construção da contra-ataque posterior, bem como uma articulação entre os defesas e a eficácia de suas ações. Além disso, há diferentes maneiras de atuar em ambas as categorias para os diferentes lançadores da equipa adversária

Efectos de un programa de danza española en mujeres con fibromialgia / Effects of a spanish dance program on women with fibromyalgia / Efeitos de um programa de dança espanhola em mulheres com fibromialgia

El objetivo de este estudio fue analizar los efectos de un programa de danza española sobre el nivel sintomático, la capacidad funcional, diversas variables psicológicas y la composición corporal en una muestra de mujeres con fibromialgia. Un total de 43 mujeres de 45 a 70 años participaron en el estudio. Se utilizó un diseño intra-sujeto con medidas pre y post-test. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala Analógica Visual (VAS), el Cuestionario de Impacto de la Fibromialgia (FIQ), el Inventario de Depresión de Beck (BDI), el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado-Rasgo (STAI), la Escala Hamilton de Ansiedad (HARS), la Escala de Inteligencia Emocional (TMMS-24), el cuestionario Autoconcepto Forma 5 (AF5), el cuestionario de Perfil del Estado de Ánimo (POMS) y un bioimpediciómetro Tanita(R) BC-601. Los resultados mostraron efectos positivos después del programa, con mejoras en el estado de ánimo, la ansiedad psíquica y somática, así como la depresión

The objective of this study was to analyze the effects of a Spanish dance program on symptomatic level, functional capacity, psychological variables and body composition in a sample of women with fibromyalgia. A total of 43 women aged 45 to 70 years participated in the study. An intra-subject design with pre and post-test measurements was used. The instruments used were the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), the Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire (FIQ), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS), the Trait Meta-Mood Scale-24 (TMMS-24), the Self-concept form 5 questionnaire (AF5), the Profile of Mood States questionnaire (POMS) and a bioimpediciometer Tanita(R) BC-601. The results showed positive effects after the program, with improvements in mood, psychic and somatic anxiety, as well as depression

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar os efeitos de um programa de dança espanhola no nível sintomático, capacidade funcional, diversas variáveis psicológicas e composição corporal em uma amostra de mulheres com fibromialgia. Um total de 43 mulheres com idade entre 45 e 70 anos participaram do estudo. Um desenho intra-sujeito foi usado com medições pré e pós-teste. Os instrumentos foram a Escala Analógica Visual (VAS), o Impact Questionnaire Fibromialgia (FIQ), o Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) Ansiedade Traço Estado Inventory (IDATE), Hamilton Anxiety Scale ( HARS), Escala de inteligência emocional (TMMS-24), o Autoconcepto Form 5 (AF5) questionário Mood States (POMS) Perfil questionário e bioimpediciómetro Tanita 2 BC-601. Os resultados mostraram efeitos positivos após o programa, com melhorias no humor, ansiedade e depressão psíquica e somática

Apoyo a la autonomía, clima motivacional percibido y perfil psicológico deportivo en jugadores de balonmano playa / Autonomy support, perceived motivational climate and psychological sports profile in beach handball players / Apoio à autonomia, clima motivacional percebido e perfil psicológico esportivo em praticantes de handebol de Praia

El propósito de este trabajo fue analizar las relaciones entre el apoyo a la autonomía y el clima motivacional percibido (ego y tarea) con el perfil psicológico deportivo en un grupo de jugadores de balonmano playa. Participaron 112 jugadores de alto nivel con edades entre 17 y 32 años (M= 23.23; DT= 6.81). El 55.36% de los participantes era de género masculino (n= 62) y el 44.64% de género femenino (n= 50). Se utilizó el Cuestionario de Clima en el Deporte, el Cuestionario de Clima Motivacional Percibido en el Deporte y el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva. Los análisis mostraron relaciones entre los constructos, excepto entre el control de afrontamiento negativo y la orientación percibida al ego. Las asociaciones entre el apoyo a la autonomía y la orientación a la tarea con las variables del IPED fueron positivas, y entre la orientación al ego y las variables del IPED negativas. Además, se efectuaron análisis predictivos sobre el IPED, actuando en todos los casos el apoyo a la autonomía como predictor. La orientación a la tarea predijo la autoconfianza, el control atencional, el nivel motivacional y control de afrontamiento positivo, y la orientación al ego el control visuo-imaginativo y control actitudinal

The purpose of this paper was to analyze the relationships between autonomy support and the perceived motivational climate (ego and task) with psychological sport profile in a group of beach handball players. 112 high-level competitive players, aged between 17 and 32 years, participated in the study (M = 23.23, SD = 6.81). 55.36% of the participants were male (n = 62) and 44.64% were female (n = 50). To evaluate the sample studied, the Sport Climate Questionnaire, the Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire and the Sport Performance Psychological Inventory were used. The analyzes showed significant relationships among all the constructs studied, except between the negative coping control and the perceived ego orientation. Likewise, the associations between autonomy support and task orientation with the IPED variables were positive, and between the ego orientation and the IPED variables were negative. In addition, predictive analyzes were carried out on IPED, with support for autonomy as a predictor in all cases. Task orientation predicted self-confidence, attentional control, motivational level and positive coping control, and ego-orientation visuo-imaginative control and attitudinal control

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar a relação entre o apoio à autonomia e clima motivacional percebido (ego e tarefa) com o esporte perfil psicológico de um grupo de jogadores de handebol de praia. Eles envolveu 112 jogadores seniores idades compreendidas entre os 17 e 32 anos (M = 23,23, SD = 6,81). O 55,36% dos participantes foi macho (n = 62) e 44,64% de fêmeas (n = 50). Clima Questionário no Esporte foi utilizada Questionário Percebida Motivacional clima no Esporte e Execução Esporte inventário psicológico. As análises mostraram relações entre os construtos, exceto entre o controle negativo de enfrentamento e a orientação do ego percebida. Parcerias de apoio autonomia e orientação para a tarefa com variáveis IPED foram positivos, e entre a orientação do ego e variáveis negativos iped. Além disso, a análise preditiva do IPED foram feitas, atuando em todos os casos o apoio para a autonomia como um preditor. A orientação para a tarefa prevista auto-confiança, controle da atenção, o nível de motivação e controle de enfrentamento positivo e orientação ego o controle visuo-imaginativa e controlo de atitude

Perfil psicológico deportivo y ansiedad estado competitiva en triatletas / Psychological sport profile and competitive state anxiety in triathletes

El propósito de este trabajo fue examinar las relaciones entre el perfil psicológico y la ansiedad estado competitiva en un grupo de triatletas. Participaron en el estudio 94 triatletas con edades entre 19 y 55 años (M = 35.44; DT = 8.17). Se utilizó el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED) para analizar el perfil psicológico de los participantes y el Inventario de Ansiedad Estado en Competición-2 (CSAI-2) para evaluar la ansiedad estado. Los análisis de correlación efectuados pusieron de manifiesto relaciones significativas entre la mayoría de los constructos estudiados, menos entre el control viso imaginativo y nivel motivacional con la ansiedad cognitiva y somática. Además, los modelos de regresión lineal generados indicaron que el control de afrontamiento negativo predecía las puntuaciones de ambas manifestaciones de la ansiedad estado, y que la autoconfianza era predicha por el control de afrontamiento negativo, el control atencional y el control viso-imaginativo

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between psychological profile and competitive state anxiety in a group of triathletes. Participated in this study 94 athletes aged between 19 and 55 years (M = 35.44; SD = 8.17). Psychological Inventory for Sport Performance (IPED) was used to analyze the psychological profile of the participants and the Inventory for Anxiety State in Competition-2 (CSAI-2) to assess state anxiety. Correlation analyzes performed showed significant relationships between the constructs studied, except for the visual-imaginative control and the motivational level with the cognitive and somatic state anxiety. In addition, the proposed linear regression models proved that both anxiety manifestations were predicted by the negative coping control, and that self-confidence was predicted by the negative coping control, the attentional control and the visual-imaginative control

Efectos del ejercicio físico extracurricular vigoroso sobre la atención de escolares / Efeitos da actividade física extracurricular vigorosa em atenção o nível cognitivo em idade escolar / Effects of after-school, high-intensity physical activity programme, on levels of attention of school children

El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar el efecto sobre la atención de escolares de dos programas de actividad física (moderada y alta intensidad). Participaron 94 niños (n = 52) y niñas (n =42), (Edad M = 8,20; DT = 0,70) de la ciudad de Granada (España). Se empleó un diseño cuasi-experimental con un grupo control y otro experimental. Se analizó amplitud de la atención y atención selectiva. Como variable de control se evaluó la aptitud cardiorrespiratoria a través de consumo de oxígeno máximo y la velocidad pico alcanzada durante actividad aeróbica máxima. Se aprecian efectos significativos a favor del programa de alta intensidad sobre dos pruebas de span atencional y ejercicios de atención selectiva, así como en valores de condición física. Se concluye que la práctica física de alta intensidad intermitente, practicada de manera regular, podría tener implicaciones positivas sobre el rendimiento cognitivo de niños y que la mejora de la condición física podría ser uno de los factores vinculados a estos cambios (AU)

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of two programs of physical activity (moderate and high intensity physical activity), in the levels of attention of a sample of young in scholar aged. 94 children, boys=52 and girls=42 (Age M = 8.20; SD = 0.70) from Granada (Spain) participated in the investigation. A quasi-experimental design was used, with control and experimental group. Evidence of attentional span and search items on matrices with the purpose of analyzing the amplitude of the attention and selective attention were applied. As a control variable, cardiorespiratory fitness by maximum oxygen uptake and peak speed reached during maximal aerobic activity was evaluated. The results showed significant effects in favor of high-intensity program on two tests of attentional span and exercises selective attention, as well as the values of fitness. These data suggest that the physical practice of intermittent high intensity practiced regularly could have positive implications on cognitive performance of children and improving the physical condition could be one of the factors linked to these changes (AU)

O objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o efeito de dois programas de atividade física (de intensidade moderada e alta) em atenção o nível cognitivo para a escola. 94 estudantes participaram, 52 do sexo masculino, 42 do sexo feminino (Idade M = 8,20, DP = 0,70) da cidade de Granada (Espanha). Um design quase-experimental foi utilizado com um grupo controle e um grupo experimental. Amplitude de atenção e atenção seletiva foram analisados. Como variável de controle foi avaliada a aptidão cardiorrespiratória através do consumo máximo de oxigênio e velocidade de pico alcançado durante a atividade aeróbica máxima. Efeitos significativos são vistos em favor do programa de alto intensidade e dois exercícios de amplitude e exercícios de atenção selectiva, bem como valores de aptidao física. Conclui-se que a prática física de alta intensidade intermitente, praticado regularmente, pode ter implicações positivas sobre o desempenho cognitivo das crianças e condição física melhoria poderia ser um dos fatores ligados a essas mudanças (AU)

Relaciones entre el perfil psicológico deportivo y la ansiedad competitiva en jugadores de balonmano playa / The relationsship between the sports psychological profile and competitive anxiety in beach handball players / A relação entre o perfil psicológico desportivo e a ansiedade competitiva em jogadores de andebol de Praia

El objetivo de la presente investigación fue examinar las relaciones entre el perfil psicológico deportivo y la ansiedad competitiva en una muestra de jugadores de balonmano playa. En el estudio participaron un total de 112 jugadores sub-19 y senior con edades entre 17 y 32 años (M = 23.23; DE = 6.81). Un 55.36% de género masculino (n = 62) y el 44.64% de género femenino (n = 50). Se utilizó el Inventario Psicológico de Ejecución Deportiva (IPED) para analizar el perfil psicológico deportivo de los participantes y el Inventario del Estado de Ansiedad en Competición-2 (CSAI 2) para evaluar el estado de ansiedad y la autoconfianza. Los análisis de correlación y de regresión lineal efectuados pusieron de manifiesto relaciones significativas entre los constructos estudiados. Para el total de la muestra el control de afrontamiento negativo y el nivel motivacional fueron los mejores predictores de la ansiedad, y el control de afrontamiento negativo y positivo los predictores más importantes de la autoconfianza, existiendo algunas diferencias en función del género en todos los modelos. Los resultados hallados denotan una relación entre las variables analizadas y sugieren que el conocimiento de los perfiles psicológicos deportivos podría ayudar a analizar los estados de ansiedad y confianza en los deportistas

The aim of this research was to examine the relationship between the sports psychological profile and competitive anxiety in a group of beach handball players. 112 under-19's and adult players aged between 17 and 32 years (M = 23.23; SD = 6.81) took part in the study. 55.36% of the participants were male (n = 62) and 44.64% were female (n = 50). The Psychological Inventory of Sports Performance (IPED) was used to analyse the psychological profile of the participants and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2 (CSAI-2) to evaluate their state of anxiety and self-confidence. The correlation of the analysis and linear regression carried out revealed significant relationships between the studied constructs. For the total sample, negative coping control and motivational level were the best predictors of anxiety, with negative and positive coping control being the most important predictors of confidence. Some differences existed depending on gender in all the models. The results found revealed a relationship between the variables analysed and they suggest that knowledge about psychological sporting profiles could help analyse the state of anxiety and confidence in athletes

O objectivo da presente investigação foi examinar as relações entre o perfil psicológico desportivo e a ansiedade competitiva numa amostrade jogadores de andebol de praia. No estudo participaram um total de 112 jogadores sub-19 e sénior com idade compreendida entre os 17 e os 32 anos(M= 23.23; DP= 6.81). Destes, 55.36% eram do género masculino (n= 62) e 44.64% do género feminino (n= 50). Foi utilizado o QuestionárioPsicológico de Execução Desportiva(IPED) para analisar o perfil psicológico desportivo dos participantes e o Questionário de Estado de Ansiedade emCompetição(CSAI-2) para avaliar o estado de ansiedade e autoconfiança. As análises de correlação e de regressão linear efectuadas evidenciam relaçõessignificativas entre os construtos estudados. Para o total da amostra, o coping negativo e o nível motivacional foram os melhores preditores de ansiedade,e o coping negativo e positivo os preditores mais importantes de autoconfiança, existindo algumas diferenças em função do género em todos os modelos.Os resultados encontrados denotam uma relação entre as variáveis analisadas e sugerem que o conhecimento dos perfis psicológicos desportivos poderiamajudar a analisar os estados de ansiedade e confiança dos desportistas

Relaciones entre la práctica física, condición física y atención en una muestra adolescente / Relationships between physical activity, fitness and attention in an adolescent sample / Relações entre a prática física, condição física e atenção numa amostra de adolescentes

El propósito de este trabajo fue examinar las relaciones entre la práctica de actividad física, la condición física y la atención en un grupo de adolescentes. Participaron en el estudio 149 adolescentes de la provincia de Málaga (España), con edades entre 14 y 16 años (M = 15.05; DE = .77). Para analizar los procesos atencionales se utilizó el test d2. La condición física se evaluó a través del test de salto horizontal, el test de Course Navette y el test de velocidad 5 x 10 metros. Los análisis indicaron mayores puntuaciones en diversos parámetros del test d2 en aquellos participantes que realizaban actividad física regularmente, así como relaciones significativas entre las medidas de condición física y las pruebas de atención, siendo el consumo de oxígeno la variable más relevante. Los resultados hallados apoyan la importancia de practicar actividad física en la infancia y la adolescencia, sugiriendo que el incremento de la condición física puede tener implicaciones positiva sobre la atención en estas edades

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between physical activity, fitness and attention in a group of adolescents. 149 adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years old (M = 15.05; SD = .77) took part in the study. The D-2 Test was used to analyse attention processes. Physical fitness was assessed with the horizontal jump test, the Course Navette test and the 5 x 10 metre sprint test. Analyses indicated higher scores on some measures of the D-2 test in participants who regularly did sports and significant relationships between fitness tests and measurements of attention, with oxygen consumption being the most relevant variable. The results obtained support the importance of physical activity in childhood and adolescence, suggesting that increased fitness may have positive implications on attention at this age

O propósito deste trabalho foi analisar as relações entre a prática de actividade física, a condição física e a atenção num grupo de adolescentes.Participaram no estudo 149 adolescentes da província de Málaga (Espanha), com idades compreendidas entre os 14 e os 16 anos (M= 15.05; DP= .77).Para analisar os processos atencionais foi utilizado o teste d2. A condição física foi avaliada através do teste de salto horizontal, o teste de Course Navettee o teste de velocidade 5 x 10 metros. As análises indicaram pontuações mais elevadas nos diversos parâmetros do teste d2 para os participantes querealizavam actividade física regularmente, assim como relações significativas entre as medidas de condição física e as provas de atenção, sendo oconsumo de oxigénio a variável mais relevante. Os resultados encontrados suportam a importância de praticar actividade física na infância e adolescência,sugerindo que o incremento da condição física pode ter implicações positivas na atenção nestas idades