Impacto de los recursos digitales en el aprendizaje y desarrollo de la competencia Análisis y Síntesis / The impact of digital resources in the learning and the development of the competence Analysis and Synthesis

INTRODUCCIÓN: En los últimos años se ha detectado la necesidad de que la universidad forme a personas en competencias clave que faciliten su adaptación ante los rápidos cambios de la «sociedad de conocimiento» y permitan el aprendizaje y autodesarrollo a lo largo de toda la vida. En este estudio hemos utilizado recursos digitales interactivos con el objetivo de incrementar la competencia Análisis y Síntesis en estudiantes universitarios de primer curso del Grado de Enfermería. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Este estudio sigue un diseño cuasiexperimental. La muestra estuvo compuesta por 86 estudiantes de primer curso del Grado en Enfermería de la Universidad Europea de Madrid (UEM), distribuidos en grupo experimental y grupo control. El entrenamiento en la competencia se realizó mediante ejercicios interactivos online que proporcionan feedback inmediato. El nivel de desarrollo de la competencia se valoró al iniciar y al finalizar el programa mediante la realización individual de un mapa conceptual. RESULTADOS: Los resultados de la valoración de la capacidad de Análisis y Síntesis mostraron un incremento significativo para el grupo experimental. Mediante una encuesta de satisfacción validada por la unidad de calidad de la UEM, encontramos una mayor satisfacción con el aprendizaje y materiales docentes empleados en el grupo experimental. CONCLUSIONES: El empleo de ejercicios interactivos online que dan feedback inmediato mejora la competencia Análisis y Síntesis. Su utilización en la asignatura de Anatomía Humana es valorada muy positivamente por los estudiantes

INTRODUCTION: A need has been detected in universities in the past few years to train people with key or transversal skills that enhance them to adapt to the rapid changes of the 'knowledge society', and help in their learning and self-development throughout life. Interactive digital resources have been used in this study, with the aim of increasing the Analysis and Synthesis assignment in 1st-year university nursing students. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study uses a quasi-experimental design. The sample consisted of 86 1st-year students of Nursing at the European University of Madrid (UEM), divided into an experimental and control group. Their competence training was carried using interactive online exercises consisting of crosswords, videos, and association exercises. The level of competence development was assessed at the beginning and at the end of the program, using the individual preparation of a conceptual map. RESULTS: The results of the assessment of the Analysis and Synthesis competence showed a significant increase in the experimental group. Using a satisfaction survey validated by the UEM quality unit, greater satisfaction was found with the learning and teaching materials used in the experimental group. CONCLUSIONS: The use of interactive online exercises that give immediate feedback improves the Analysis and Synthesis competence. Its use in the subject of Human Anatomy was very positively evaluated by the students

Lesiones por accidentes de trabajo relacionados con el tráfico ocurridas en los trabajadores de una entidad bancaria (2007-2013) / Occupational traffic injuries in workers from a spanish bank Company (2007-2013)

Objetivos: Describir las lesiones por accidentes de trabajo (LAT) relacionados con el tráfico (LATT) ocurridas en los trabajadores de una entidad bancaria desde 2007 a 2013 en España. Adicionalmente, describir las características de las LATT en función de sexo y edad de los accidentados, así como la ocurrencia de bajas médicas en relación con este tipo de lesiones. Métodos: Estudio transversal descriptivo del registro de LAT mantenido por el servicio de prevención de la empresa estudiada. Se describen las frecuencias absolutas (n) y relativas (%) en relación con las características de interés. Para las comparaciones se utiliza el test chi cuadrado. Resultados: En una plantilla total de 14.541 trabajadores, en el periodo de estudio se registraron 1.517 LAT. El 27% de estas LAT fueron LATT. El 1,3% de las LATT fueron considerados graves o mortales. Se observan relaciones significativas (p<0,05) con el sexo y la edad. Las lesiones en copilotos, las LATT 'in itinere' y el diagnóstico 'esguinces/torceduras' son más frecuentes en las mujeres. Las LATT 'en desplazamiento' y el diagnóstico'fracturas cerradas' son más frecuentes en los hombres. También es más frecuente la situación de baja médica en caso de LATT en comparación con las LAT. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de LATT sobre el total de LAT en la muestra estudiada es casi tres veces mayor que en la población laboral general española, aunque en nuestro estudio las LATT graves son menos frecuentes. Las LATT presentan diferencias en su distribución según edad y sexo de los trabajadores, y también se asocian con mayor frecuencia a baja médica en comparación con el conjunto de las LAT. La salud pública y la medicina del trabajo deben buscar estrategias para controlar este tipo de lesiones

Objective: To study physical harm caused by road accidents (LATT in Spanish) among employees of a Spanish financial institution from 2007 to 2013. Additionally, we tried to define damage features in each sex and at different ages in hurt patients, as well as work disability caused by this type of injury. Methods: Cross-sectional study of labor injuries verified by the occupational medical service of the bank. Absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies related to interesting variables were described. Chi-square test was used to assess correlation. Results: Along the mentioned period of time, 1.517 traumatic occupational injuries were recorded on a population of 14.541 workers. 27% of them were LATT. 1,3% of these were fatal or seriously harmful, significantly associated to sex and age (p< 0,05). Co-driver damage, LATT in itinere and twist or sprain were more common in women. LATT at work and closed fractures were more frequent in men.Work disability caused by LATT was higher than other traumatic occupational injuries. Conclusions: LATT in the studied sample were almost three times higher than LATT are among general Spanish population, but serious lesions in our group were less common.We observed differences in LATT distribution by sexes and ages in workers included in this study, and also a higher incidence of work disability compared to the whole traumatic occupational injuries. Public health and occupational health authorities must find efficient strategies in order to diminish the incidence of these LATT-associated injuries

Anorexia nerviosa en una trabajadora / Anorexia nervosa in a worker: a case report

Se describe la gestión de un caso de anorexia nerviosa (índice de masa corporal IMC 13,6 kg/m2) en una cajera de una oficina bancaria. El caso se detectó durante un reconocimiento rutinario de vigilancia de la salud. Tras ser valorada por distintos especialistas (medicina de familia, psiquiatría y endocrinología) y de un estrecho seguimiento (por psicología, enfermería y medicina del trabajo) recupera peso hasta casi la normalidad (IMC 17 kg/m2) en menos de año y medio. Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son considerados patología común (no laboral), pero su alta prevalencia (5% de la población a lo largo de la vida) y su repercusión laboral y social (afectando a más del 20% de los casos), los convierten en foco potencial de atención desde la promoción de la salud en el trabajo. La prevención, promoción y vigilancia de la salud de la población pueden ser reforzadas desde la empresa

We describe the management of a case of anorexia nervosa (body mass index, -BMI-, 13,6 Kg/m2) in a bank teller. The case was detected through routine occupational health surveillance. After being evaluated by different specialists (general practitioner, psychiatrist and endocrinologist) and being closely monitored (by psychology, nursing, and occupational medicine), the worker regained weight to a near normal BMI (17 Kg/m2) in less than a year and a half. Eating disorders area common pathology (non-occupationally related), but their high prevalence (5% of the population over a lifetime) and social and job-related impact (affecting more than 20% of cases), make them a necessary focus of attention for health promotion in the workplace. Health prevention, promotion and surveillance may be also reinforced at the workplace

[Anorexia nervosa in a worker: a case report]. / Anorexia nerviosa en una trabajadora.

We describe the management of a case of anorexia nervosa (body mass index, -BMI-, 13,6 Kg/m2) in a bank teller. The case was detected through routine occupational health surveillance. After being evaluated by different specialists (general practitioner, psychiatrist and endocrinologist) and being closely monitored (by psychology, nursing, and occupational medicine), the worker regained weight to a near normal BMI (17 Kg/m2) in less than a year and a half. Eating disorders are a common pathology (non-occupationally related), but their high prevalence (5% of the population over a lifetime) and social and job-related impact (affecting more than 20% of cases), make them a necessary focus of attention for health promotion in the workplace. Health prevention, promotion and surveillance may be also reinforced at the workplace.

Se describe la gestión de un caso de anorexia nerviosa (índice de masa corporal IMC 13,6 kg/m2) en una cajera de una oficina bancaria. El caso se detectó durante un reconocimiento rutinario de vigilancia de la salud. Tras ser valorada por distintos especialistas (medicina de familia, psiquiatría y endocrinología) y de un estrecho seguimiento (por psicología, enfermería y medicina del trabajo) recupera peso hasta casi la normalidad (IMC 17 kg/m2) en menos de año y medio. Los trastornos de la conducta alimentaria son considerados patología común (no laboral), pero su alta prevalencia (5% de la población a lo largo de la vida) y su repercusión laboral y social (afectando a más del 20% de los casos), los convierten en foco potencial de atención desde la promoción de la salud en el trabajo. La prevención, promoción y vigilancia de la salud de la población pueden ser reforzadas desde la empresa.

[Work-related motor vehicle injuries among workers at a banking institution (2007-2013)]. / Lesiones por accidentes de trabajo relacionados con el tráfico ocurridas en los trabajadores de una entidad bancaria (2007-2013).

OBJECTIVE: To study physical harm caused by road accidents (LATT in Spanish) among employees of a Spanish financial institution from 2007 to 2013. Additionally, we tried to define damage features in each sex and at different ages in hurt patients, as well as work disability caused by this type of injury. METHODS: Cross-sectional study of labor injuries verified by the occupational medical service of the bank. Absolute (n) and relative (%) frequencies related to interesting variables were described. Chi-square test was used to assess correlation. RESULTS: Along the mentioned period of time, 1.517 traumatic occupational injuries were recorded on a population of 14.541 workers. 27% of them were LATT. 1,3% of these were fatal or seriously harmful, significantly associated to sex and age (p < 0,05). Co-driver damage, LATT in itinere and twist or sprain were more common in women. LATT at work and closed fractures were more frequent in men.Work disability caused by LATT was higher than other traumatic occupational injuries. CONCLUSIONS: LATT in the studied sample were almost three times higher than LATT are among general Spanish population, but serious lesions in our group were less common.We observed differences in LATT distribution by sexes and ages in workers included in this study, and also a higher incidence of work disability compared to the whole traumatic occupational injuries. Public health and occupational health authorities must find efficient strategies in order to diminish the incidence of these LATT-associated injuries.

OBJETIVOS: Describir las lesiones por accidentes de trabajo (LAT) relacionados con el tráfico (LATT) ocurridas en los trabajadores de una entidad bancaria desde 2007 a 2013 en España. Adicionalmente, describir las características de las LATT en función de sexo y edad de los accidentados, así como la ocurrencia de bajas médicas en relación con este tipo de lesiones. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal descriptivo del registro de LAT mantenido por el servicio de prevención de la empresa estudiada. Se describen las frecuencias absolutas (n) y relativas (%) en relación con las características de interés. Para las comparaciones se utiliza el test chi cuadrado. RESULTADOS: En una plantilla total de 14.541 trabajadores, en el periodo de estudio se registraron 1.517 LAT. El 27% de estas LAT fueron LATT. El 1,3% de las LATT fueron considerados graves o mortales. Se observan relaciones significativas(p <0,05) con el sexo y la edad. Las lesiones en copilotos, las LATT "in itinere" y el diagnóstico "esguinces/torceduras" son más frecuentes en las mujeres. Las LATT "en desplazamiento" y el diagnóstico "fracturas cerradas" son más frecuentes en los hombres. También es más frecuente la situación de baja médica en caso de LATT en comparación con las LAT. CONCLUSIONES: La frecuencia de LATT sobre el total de LAT en la muestra estudiada es casi tres veces mayor que en la población laboral general española, aunque en nuestro estudio las LATT graves son menos frecuentes. Las LATT presentan diferencias en su distribución según edad y sexo de los trabajadores, y también se asocian con mayor frecuencia a baja médica en comparación con el conjunto de las LAT. La salud pública y la medicina del trabajo deben buscar estrategias para controlar este tipo de lesiones.

Case-control study of semicircular lipoatrophy, a new occupational disease in office workers.

OBJECTIVES: Semicircular lipoatrophy (SL) is an emerging occupational pathology. Its etiology is poorly understood. We intend to establish the probable risk factors and estimate the relative risk. METHODS: A case-control study was performed. Our company had 55 diagnosed cases. As controls, we used the 3 closest healthy coworkers to each case. We calculated the chi square, odds ratio and logistic regression for different exposures, during the 3 years from September 2007 to August 2010. RESULTS: There was 100% participation for the cases and 70.9% for the controls (ratio 1 : 2.1 case-control). The only risk variables found were female gender (p<0.02) and exposure to leaning on the edge of a table (p<0.01). In addition, a breakdown by sex objectifies a much stronger association with leaning on the edge of a table in women (p<0.01) than men (p 0.67). CONCLUSIONS: Female gender and leaning on the edge of a table (repeated microtrauma), especially in women, are risk factors for development of SL. Other variables seem to be confounding factors associated with female gender. There were no SL cases showing statistically significant relations with history of cancer or autoimmune diseases. There was also no significance with regard to wearing jeans. There is therefore a new risk for office staff in addition to the more traditional disorders (musculoskeletal, ocular, and psychosocial). Further studies are necessary to evaluate what we consider an underdiagnosed condition, since there is a large percentage of people that are potentially exposed and we found very little information in the literature on the matter.

Familial porphyria cutanea tarda in Spain: characterization of eight novel mutations in the UROD gene and haplotype analysis of the common p.G281E mutation.

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) results from decreased activity of uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD) in the liver. Deficiency in this enzyme results in accumulation of highly carboxylated porphyrins responsible for the disease. PCT usually occurs in adulthood and is characterized by cutaneous photosensitivity, hyperpigmentation, skin fragility and hypertrichosis. Familial PCT (F-PCT) occurs in 20-30% of patients in whom UROD gene mutations in heterozygosity decrease the enzymatic activity to about 50% in all tissues. The rare homozygous form of F-PCT (hepatoerythropoietic porphyria) has more severe clinical features and onset in childhood. In Spain, F-PCT is molecularly heterogeneous and the most frequent UROD mutation is p.G281E. In the present study, we searched for the molecular defect causing F-PCT in a group of Spanish patients and investigated whether the p.G281E mutation in the Spanish population came from a single or various origins. Among seventeen F-PCT patients, sixteen UROD mutations were identified, including eight novel ones: six missense (p.A23V, p.L78P, p.W180G, p.T196I, p.E278G and p.V279M), one frameshift (c.233delT) and one splice site mutation (c.774G>C). Prokaryotic expression studies showed the detrimental effect for each missense mutation, whereas reverse transcription-PCR and sequencing demonstrated that the novel splice site mutation caused exon 7 skipping. Moreover, haplotype analysis performed in Spanish families with the p.G281E mutation indicated that this lesion is associated with at least five haplotype backgrounds. These results extend knowledge on the molecular heterogeneity of F-PCT and suggest multiple origins of the p.G281E mutation.

Smoking but not homozygosity for CYP1A2 g-163A allelic variant leads to earlier disease onset in patients with sporadic porphyria cutanea tarda.

Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT) results from decreased activity of hepatic uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase (UROD). Both sporadic and familial forms are characterised by typical cutaneous lesions triggered by genetic/environmental factors. Studies in rodents showed that cytochrome P4501A2 (CYP1A2) plays a central role in the synthesis of a competitive inhibitor of hepatic UROD, but there is little evidence in humans. The impact of smoking and CYP1A2 g-163C > A allelic variant upon first appearance of clinical signs was investigated in 102 patients (80 sporadic-PCT) and 150 healthy donors from Spain. We found an increase in the frequency of CYP1A2 g-163A allele in patients with PCT when compared with controls, although the more inducible A/A genotype had no effect on the onset age. In sporadic-PCT, smoking leads to earlier onset of clinically overt disease in moderate-to-heavy smokers (>or=10 cigarettes/day). In conclusion, this study provides evidence that smoking hastens the onset of cutaneous symptoms in sporadic-PCT patients.