[Anaerobic parasitocenoses of the urinary tracts as a risk factor of acute pyelonephritis].

We examined 86 patients with acute gestational pyelonephritis, 72 patients with acute pyelonephritis admitted to hospital, 63 control women with favourable obstetric anamnesis and physiological pregnancy which finished in birth of a healthy child and 57 women with favourable obstetric anamnesis undergoing pregravidal examination. Microbiological factors of acute pyelonephritis risk and acute gestation pyelonephritis were determined. These factors were the presence of anaerobic parasitocenosis in the urinary tracts represented with trichomonades, mycoplasms, ureaplasms, herpes viruses and cytomegaly in various combinations.

[Toxocariasis: spread and impact on reproductive health]. / Toksokaroz: rasprostranenie i vliianie na reproduktivnoe zdorov'e.

To study the prevalence of toxocariasis and its impact on the reproductive health of inhabitants in the Saratov Region, enzyme immunoassay was used to examine 1404 patients, including 210 children, 912 females, and 282 males. Toxocariasis was shown to be a risk factor of male (oligoasthenozoospermia) and female (tuboperitoneal) infertility. The high incidence of toxocariasis in females with reproductive dysfunction (recurrent abortion) and an aggravated obstetric history complicated by chronic renal diseases is indicative of the existence of the urogenital form of toxocariasis. Toxocariasis greatly increases a risk of giving birth to a baby with clinical manifestations of intrauterine infection (IUI), promotes homeostatic disorder and the formation of long-term pathology in babies with IUI. At the same time, there was a significant relationship of abnormal cardiotocograms to toxocariasis and to the presence of Trichomonas, Mycoplasma, Chlamydia, and Cytomegalovirus.

[Parasitic diseases are a risk factor of inflammations of the small pelvis organs. Trichomoniasis]. / Parazitozy--faktor riska vospalitel'nykh zabolevanii organov malogo taza. Trikhomoniaz.

Clinical and laboratory studies were made in 2259 persons by using serological assays, including cultural and bacterioscopic assays in 1824 and 363 persons, respectively, in order to indicate Trichomonas infection among men, women, and 2-15-year-old children who had chronic inflammation of the urogenital system, as well as among children aged 2 months to 16 years who had a severe somatic disease. Parasitic cenoses of the urogenital tract were studied in women with trichomoniasis and reproductive dysfunction. Trichomonas invasion is an etiological factor of inflammatory small pelvic diseases, chronic prostatitis, reproductive dysfunction in males and females. Furthermore, trichomoniasis is an essential factor, that predisposes to recurrent viral infections: genital herpes and pointed condyloma, and substantially increases the risk of birth of babies with clinical manifestations of intrauterine infection. According to the studies, a laboratory diagnosis of trichomoniasis should be made by cultural assay due to the low sensitivity of bacterioscopy by sampling a biological material from females in the periovulatory period that corresponds to the hyperestrogenicity, which substantially increases the number of isolated cultures and characterizes the depth of integration of metabolic processes of a parasite and its host.

[Laboratory diagnosis of sexually transmitted infections in chronic inflammatory diseases of the reproductive system]. / Laboratornaia diagnostika infektsii, peredaiushchikhsia polovym putem, pri khronicheskikh vospalitel'nykh zabolevaniiakh reproduktivnoi sistemy.

The complex clinico-laboratory examination of 120 infertile married couples and 120 couples with habitual miscarriage was made. For control, 96 healthy married couples were used. The microbiological risk factors of chronic pelvic inflammatory diseases were determined, namely: mixed parasitocenosis, including active anaerobic, viral and fungal components, as well as Chlamydia trachomatis. As shown in this study, metabolically active forms of chlamydial infection were characteristic of infertile married women and persistent forms of C. trachomatis, for pregnant women. At the same time chlamydial infection did not cause infertility in males. The use two of levels of laboratory tests for qualitative, quantitative and functional evaluation of parasitocenoses were proposed.

[Detection of viral-bacterial factors responsible for infertility in couples]. / Vyiavlenie spektra virusno-bakterial'nykh faktorov, indutsiruiushchikh besplodie u supruzheskikh par.

A high prevalence of genital infections was revealed in patients suffering for a long time from sterility. The inflammatory process was found to predominate in tubal sterility. In other forms of sterility with asymptomatic urogenital infections the couples are frequently unaware of the disease and are not properly examined. Genital inflammations not diagnosed for many years augment the endocrine disorders and stimulate the development of autoimmune states. Today, a mixed viral/bacterial urogenital infection is the principal cause of reproductive disorders.

[The role of viral and bacterial infections in the development of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis]. / Rol' virusno-bakterial'nykh infektsii v razvitii khronicheskogo autoimmunnogo tireoidita u detei.

To specify the role of viral and bacterial infections in the onset of chronic autoimmune thyroiditis, analysis was made of the premorbid state of 118 children aged 4 to 14 years. In 81% of the patients, a number of unfavourable factors were identified: hereditary aggravation as regards thyroid pathology, complicated antenatal period in the presence of chronic viral and bacterial infections in the mother, contact with the sick relatives taking care of the child, frequently occurring viral and bacterial infections in children, resulting in the formation of the polyimmunopathological process. This supports the multifactorial nature of the disease and dictates the necessity of early diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic infectious diseases not only in the child but also in the relatives.

[Characteristics of endemic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome in various regions of the USSR]. / K kharakteristike éndemicheskikh ochagov gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom v raznykh regionakh SSSR.

Clinical, epizootological, and laboratory data for 9 endemic foci of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) were compared. The analysis covered 5120 cases of HFRS. It was established that in the foci, where the leading role is played by field mouse and Japanese field mouse, HFRS is caused by the 1st serotype of HFRS virus, and the clinical course of the disease is quite severe. In the natural foci with the predominance of redbacked vole, the 2nd serotype of the virus circulates and the disease is of moderate severity or mild. In each individual case, however, both serotypes of the virus may produce both mild and severe diseases.

[Exact determination of the eastern border of the European portion of the nosogeographic range of the hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome]. / Ob utochnenii vostochnoi granitsy evropeiskoi chasti nozoareala gemorragicheskoi likhoradki s pochechnym sindromom.

Radioimmunoassay was used for examinations of 21,488 serum specimens from the population of 145 areas of 8 regions and 2 republics. The immune portion comprised 8.8% to the west of the assumed border and 2.7% to the east (t = 20.7). Active natural foci of the infection were found in individual territories located to the east of the assumed border (areas of Saratov Province to the north of the Irgiz River, trans-Ural areas of Bashkiria, southern taiga areas of Sverdlovsk, Tyumen, and northwestern Omsk Provinces). The extreme eastern points of the endemic area are Tevriz, Tary, and Znamenskoe Districts of Omsk Province. The areas of Siberian forest steppe, the steppe areas of western Siberia and those on the left bank of the Volga (Zavolzhye) are free from the infection foci. Natural foci of infection were found in the taiga part of the Komi ASSR, whereas they were absent in the forest tundra zone.