Instruments for measuring incidents related to patient safety in the context of paediatric intensive care-protocol for a scoping review.

BACKGROUND: Patient safety is a fundamental principle of health care but is one of the biggest challenges currently faced and a serious public health problem, since the occurrence of adverse events is probably one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The vulnerability of the paediatric population, combined with the potentially dangerous context of intensive care, makes Paediatric Intensive Care Units services of particular complexity in matters of safety, where there is a greater likelihood of incidents with serious consequences. It is agreed that research on the topic of PS should start with the measuring of different types of harm that exist in the contexts, to identify high-risk areas and define priorities. For this, it is necessary to resort to a multiplicity of valid, reliable and specific measurement instruments and to learn their advantages and limitations. The objective of this review will be to identify and map in scientific literature the instruments for measuring incidents related to patient safety applicable in the context of paediatric intensive care. METHODS: This review will cover studies and documents that refer to all measurement instruments used in the field of patient safety in a context of paediatric intensive care. Quantitative, qualitative, or mixed nature published studies, as well as grey literature, produced in the last 5 years and relevant to the topic will be included, in Portuguese, English or Spanish languages. The sources of information include several databases (such as MEDLINE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, JBI Databases) and sources relevant to grey literature. Two reviewers will independently screen all citations, full-text articles and abstract data. The extracted data, after being organised in the extraction table, will be mapped in a descriptive and logical way, taking into account the defined review questions. DISCUSSION: The mapping of the tools in these protocols will allow to summarise the most widely used instruments, to know their specificities and to guide researchers to use the most appropriate measurement tools for their context, specifically, in paediatric intensive care. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION: Open Science Framework ( osf.io/b5m7j ).

Quality of the leader-member relationship and the organizational commitment of nurses. / A qualidade da relação líder-membro e o empenhamento organizacional dos enfermeiros.

OBJECTIVE: To understand the perception of the quality of leadership relationships and the organizational commitment of nurses, and to analyze the influence of this relationship quality. METHOD: Cross-sectional and correlational study, with a quantitative approach, using a non-probability convenience sampling with 408 nurses. The data were collected through questionnaires at Central Hospital in Lisbon, between January and March 2013. The statistical analysis of the data was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19 software. RESULTS: Three hundred forty-two questionnaires were considered valid. The quality of the leadership relationship was satisfactory, and the nurses were poorly committed to the organization. The quality of the leadership relationship was statistically correlated with organizational commitment: there was found a moderate association to affective commitment (rs=0.42, p<0.05), a low association with the normative commitment (rs=0.37, p<0.05), and a very low association with the calculative commitment (rs=0.14, p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Leadership exerts influence on organizational commitment. An opportunity to improve the quality of the leadership relationship between nurses and their leaders was found, with the consequent possibility of developing organizational commitment.

A qualidade da relação líder-membro e o empenhamento organizacional dos enfermeiros / La calidad de la relación líder-miembro y el empeño organizativo de los enfermeros / Quality of the leader-member relationship and the organizational commitment of nurses

RESUMO Objetivo: Conhecer a perceção da qualidade da relação de liderança e o empenhamento organizacional dos enfermeiros e analisar a influência da qualidade desta relação. Método: Abordagem quantitativa, transversal e correlacional. Amostra não probabilística por conveniência com 408 enfermeiros. Dados obtidos através de questionário no Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, entre janeiro e março 2013. A análise estatística dos dados foi efetuada através do software estatístico IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19. Resultados: Consideraram-se válidos 342 questionários. A qualidade da relação de liderança é satisfatória e os enfermeiros encontram-se fracamente empenhados na organização. A qualidade de relação de liderança encontra-se estatisticamente correlacionada com o empenhamento organizacional: existe uma associação moderada com o empenhamento afetivo (rs=0,42, p<0,05), baixa com o empenhamento normativo (rs=0,37, p<0,05) e muito baixa com o empenhamento calculativo (rs=0,14, p<0,05). Conclusão: A liderança exerce influência no empenhamento organizacional. Existe oportunidade de melhoria da qualidade da relação de liderança entre enfermeiro e enfermeiro líder, com a consequente possibilidade de incrementar o empenhamento organizacional.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Conocer la percepción de la calidad de la relación de liderazgo y el empeño organizativo de los enfermeros y analizar la influencia de la calidad de esa relación. Método: Abordaje cuantitativo, transversal y correlacional. Muestra no probabilística por conveniencia con 408 enfermeros. Datos obtenidos mediante cuestionario en el Centro Hospitalario de Lisboa Central, entre enero y marzo de 2013. El análisis estadístico de los datos fue llevado a cabo mediante el software estadístico IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19. Resultados: Fueron considerados válidos 342 cuestionarios. La calidad de la relación de liderazgo es satisfactoria y los enfermeros se hallan débilmente empeñados en la organización. La calidad de relación de liderazgo se encuentra estadísticamente correlacionada con el empeño organizativo: existe una asociación moderada con el empeño afectivo (rs=0,42, p<0,05), baja con el empeño normativo (rs=0,37, p<0,05) y muy baja con el empeño calculativo (rs=0,14, p<0,05). Conclusión: El liderazgo ejerce influencia en el empeño organizativo. Existe oportunidad de mejoría de la calidad de la relación de liderazgo entre enfermero y enfermero líder, con la consecuente posibilidad de incrementar el empeño organizativo.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the perception of the quality of leadership relationships and the organizational commitment of nurses, and to analyze the influence of this relationship quality. Method: Cross-sectional and correlational study, with a quantitative approach, using a non-probability convenience sampling with 408 nurses. The data were collected through questionnaires at Central Hospital in Lisbon, between January and March 2013. The statistical analysis of the data was carried out using IBM® SPSS® Statistics 19 software. Results: Three hundred forty-two questionnaires were considered valid. The quality of the leadership relationship was satisfactory, and the nurses were poorly committed to the organization. The quality of the leadership relationship was statistically correlated with organizational commitment: there was found a moderate association to affective commitment (rs=0.42, p<0.05), a low association with the normative commitment (rs=0.37, p<0.05), and a very low association with the calculative commitment (rs=0.14, p<0.05). Conclusion: Leadership exerts influence on organizational commitment. An opportunity to improve the quality of the leadership relationship between nurses and their leaders was found, with the consequent possibility of developing organizational commitment.

Leadership in nursing and patient satisfaction in hospital context. / A liderança em enfermagem e a satisfação dos pacientes em contexto hospitalar.

Objectives to know the quality of the leadership relationship from the perspective of a chief nurse and nurse, patient satisfaction, the relationship between the quality of the relationship perceived for both and patient satisfaction. Methods a quantitative, transverse and correlational approach. Non-probabilistic convenience sample consists of 15 chief nurses, 342 nurses, 273 patients. Data collected at the Central Lisbon Hospital Center, between January and March 2013, through the LMX-7, CLMX-7 and SUCEH21 scales. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS ® Statistics 19. Results the chief nurse considers the quality of the leadership relationship good, the nurses consider it satisfactory, patients are considered to be satisfied with nursing care; there is a statistically significant correlation between the quality of the leadership relationship from the perspective of chief nurses and patient satisfaction, there is no statistically significant correlation between the quality of the leadership relationship in the nurse's perspective and satisfaction. Conclusion the chief nurse has a major role in patient satisfaction.

A liderança em enfermagem e a satisfação dos pacientes em contexto hospitalar / Liderazgo en enfermería y satisfacción del paciente en contexto de hospital / Leadership in nursing and patient satisfaction in hospital context

RESUMO Objetivos conhecer a qualidade de relação de liderança na perspetiva do enfermeiro-líder e do enfermeiro, a satisfação dos pacientes, a relação existente entre a qualidade de relação percebida por ambos e a satisfação dos pacientes. Métodos abordagem quantitativa, transversal e correlacional. Amostra não probabilística por conveniência constituída por 15 enfermeiros-líderes, 342 enfermeiros, 273 pacientes. Dados recolhidos no Centro Hospitalar de Lisboa Central, entre janeiro e março de 2013, através das escalas LMX-7, CLMX-7, SUCEH21. Análise estatística através de SPSS® Statistics 19. Resultados O enfermeiro-líder considera boa a qualidade de relação de liderança; os enfermeiros consideram-na satisfatória; os pacientes consideram-se satisfeitos com os cuidados de enfermagem. Existe correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a qualidade de relação de liderança na perspetiva do enfermeiro-líder e a satisfação dos pacientes. Não existe correlação estatisticamente significativa entre a qualidade de relação de liderança na perspetiva do enfermeiro e a satisfação. Conclusão O enfermeiro-líder tem um papel preponderante na satisfação dos pacientes.

RESUMEN Objetivo Conocer la calidad de la relación de liderazgo desde la perspectiva del enfermero líder y del enfermero, la satisfacción de los pacientes, y la relación entre la calidad de la relación percibida por ambos y la satisfacción de los pacientes. Métodos Investigación cuantitativa, transversal y con enfoque correlacional. Muestra de conveniencia no probabilístico que consta de 15 enfermeros líderes, 342 enfermeros y 273 pacientes. La investigación se llevó a cabo en el Centro Hospitalario de Lisboa Central, entre enero y marzo de 2013, a través de escalas LMX-7, CLMX-7 y SUCEH21. Análisis estadístico se realizó utilizando el software estadístico IBM® IPSS® Statistics 19. Resultados El enfermero líder considera buena la calidad de relación de liderazgo y los enfermeros la consideran satisfactoria, los pacientes se consideran satisfechos con la atención de enfermería y hay una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la calidad de relación del liderazgo en la perspectiva del enfermero líder y la satisfacción de los pacientes. No existe una correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la calidad de la relación de liderazgo en enfermería perspectiva y la satisfacción del paciente. Conclusión El enfermero – líder tiene un papel muy importante en la satisfacción de los pacientes.

ABSTRACT Objectives to know the quality of the leadership relationship from the perspective of a chief nurse and nurse, patient satisfaction, the relationship between the quality of the relationship perceived for both and patient satisfaction. Methods a quantitative, transverse and correlational approach. Non-probabilistic convenience sample consists of 15 chief nurses, 342 nurses, 273 patients. Data collected at the Central Lisbon Hospital Center, between January and March 2013, through the LMX-7, CLMX-7 and SUCEH21 scales. Statistical analysis was performed through SPSS ® Statistics 19. Results the chief nurse considers the quality of the leadership relationship good, the nurses consider it satisfactory, patients are considered to be satisfied with nursing care; there is a statistically significant correlation between the quality of the leadership relationship from the perspective of chief nurses and patient satisfaction, there is no statistically significant correlation between the quality of the leadership relationship in the nurse’s perspective and satisfaction. Conclusion the chief nurse has a major role in patient satisfaction.

Representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva da enfermagem / Social representations of violence against women in the nursing perspective / Representaciones sociales de la violencia contra la mujer bajo la perspectiva de la enfermería

A violência contra a mulher constitui grave problema de Saúde Pública; ocorre no mundo inteiro em todas as classes sociais. O objetivo do estudo foi conhecer as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher na perspectiva de enfermeiras alunas de uma Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Lisboa/Portugal. Realizou-se pesquisa exploratória com respaldo das representações sociais, da qual participaram cento e cinquenta enfermeiras, sendo os dados coletados por meio de questionário. Para análise, utilizou-se o software DataVic 4.3. Resultados apontam que as representações sociais da violência contra a mulher estão restritas ao universo consensual pelo qual são produzidas, constituído, sobretudo, pela conversação informal e pela vida cotidiana. Apontam, também, que a violência não é entendida como um problema de saúde. Considera-se que o embasamento teórico sobre o tema e o envolvimento institucional dos Serviços de Saúde contribuirão para a inserção da violência contra a mulher na agenda da Saúde Pública.

Violence against women is a severe Public Health problem that occurs worldwide within all social classes. This study aimed at learning the social representations of violence against women in the perspective of nurses studying at a Nursing School in Lisbon, Portugal. Supported by the social representations, an exploratory research was carried out with the participation of 150 nurses. The data were collected through a questionnaire with five stimulating questions. For the analysis, the software DataVic 4.3 was utilized. Results evidence that the social representations of violence against women are restricted to the consensus universe which produces them and which is constituted, above all, by informal conversation and daily life.They also indicate that violence is not understood as a health problem. We consider that the theoretical foundation about the theme and the institutional involvement of the Health Services will contribute to the inclusion of violence against women in the Public Health agenda.

La violencia contra la mujer es un grave problema de Salud Pública que ocurre mundialmente en todas las clases sociales. El estudio ha investigado las representaciones sociales de la violencia contra la mujer bajo la perspectiva de alumnas de una Escuela Superior de Enfermería de Lisboa, Portugal. De la pesquisa exploratoria participaron 150 enfermeras siendo los datos recolectados por medio de cuestionario. Para analizarlos se utilizó el programa DataVic 4.3. Resultados apuntan que las representaciones sociales de la violencia contra la mujer están restrictas al universo consensual donde se las producen y que se constituyen sobretodo de la conversación informal y de la vida cotidiana. Apuntan, también, que la violencia no se entiende como un problema de salud. Se considera que el basamento teórico acerca del tema y el envolvimiento institucional de los Servicios de Salud contribuirán para la inserción de la violencia contra la mujer en la agenda de Salud Pública.

[Tobacco and health in the view of univerity students]. / Tabaco e saúde no olhar de estudantes universitários.

Smoking is a serious public health problem. This study aims at understanding how social representation about smoke/tobacco and health are shared by young university students through the impact of figures contained in cigarettes package in heath. This exploratory study was carried with 63 nursing students in Lisboa, Portugal. Data were collected by the technique of free association of words that were submitted to the software Tri-Deux Mots. Students associate "tobacco" like pleasure but also as cancer, disrespect, bad smell, something mean; the health, happiness, joy and self and sickness. Health is represented by hospital but also as something good positive and energetic. "Tobacco/smoking" for the subjects concerned disease as the cancer in addition to causing bad smell and be unpleasant configuring itself as a bad and associated with father.

Tabaco e saúde no olhar de estudantes universitários / El tabaco y la salud en la visión de los estudiantes universitarios / Tobacco and health in the view of univerity students

Tabagismo constitui um sério problema de saúde pública. Este estudo tem o objetivo de conhecer as representações sociais sobre o fumo/tabaco e saúde construídas por estudantes universitários a partir das informações das campanhas antitabaco presentes nos pacotes (maços) de cigarros. Estudo exploratório desenvolvido com 63 estudantes universitários de enfermagem em Lisboa, Portugal. Utilizou-se para coleta a técnica da associação livre de palavras que foram submetidos ao software Tri-Deux Mots. Os estudantes associam "tabaco" a prazer, convívio; cancro; desagradável; desrespeito; mau cheiro; ®saúde¼ é representada por: hospital; pessoal de saúde; felicidade; alegria; auto-estima elevada e vigor. "Tabaco/fumo" para os sujeitos causa doença como o cancro; além de provocar mau cheiro e ser desagradável configurando-se como um mau e associado ao pai.

Smoking is a serious public health problem. This study aims at understanding how social representation about smoke/tobacco and health are shared by young university students through the impact of figures contained in cigarettes package in heath. This exploratory study was carried with 63 nursing students in Lisboa, Portugal. Data were collected by the technique of free association of words that were submitted to the software Tri-Deux Mots. Students associate "tobacco" like pleasure but also as cancer, disrespect, bad smell, something mean; the health, happiness, joy and self and sickness. ®Health¼ is represented by hospital but also as something good positive and energetic. "Tobacco/smoking" for the subjects concerned disease as the cancer in addition to causing bad smell and be unpleasant configuring itself as a bad and associated with father.

El tabaquismo es un grave problema de salud pública. Este estudio tiene como objetivo entender cómo la representación social acerca de humo/tabaco y la salud son compartidas por jóvenes estudiantes universitarios a través de los efectos de las información contenidas en el paquete de cigarrillos en la salud. Este estudio exploratorio hecho con 63 estudiantes de enfermería en Lisboa, Portugal. Los datos fueron recolectados mediante la técnica de la asociación libre de palabras y analizados al software Tri-Deux Mots. Los estudiantes asociados ®tabaco¼ como placer, sino también como el cáncer, la falta de respeto, el mal olor, algo quiere decir, la salud, la felicidad, la alegría y la autonomía y la enfermedad. "Salud" está representada por lo hospital, sino también como algo bueno, positivo y enérgico. "Tabaco/fumar" de los sujetos asociados a la enfermedades como el cáncer, además de causar mal olor desagradable y se configura como un mal en sí y asociados con padre.