The Impact of Sacral Neuromodulation on Sexual Dysfunction.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Sacral neuromodulation (SNM) is a well-established treatment in several urinary and bowel dysfunctions, nevertheless its role on sexual dysfunction remains unclear. We evaluate the impact of SNM on sexual function and its association with age at SNM, functional diagnosis and post-void residual urine (PVR) before SNM. METHODS: Patients who had SNM were retrospectively analyzed. Sexual function was assessed before and after treatment with the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-5) for men and the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) for women. IIEF-5 and FSFI were also associated with age at SNM, functional diagnosis, and PVR. RESULTS: Fifteen females and 9 males, with a median age of 41 years (26-72 years), median follow-up 20.7 months (2-53 months) were enrolled. IIEF-5 improved in 4 patients (p = 0.06), and FSFI total score in 5 (p = 0.2). There was significant association between functional diagnosis and FSFI total score (p = 0.05), and FSFI specific domains of arousal (p = 0.03), lubrication (p = 0.04), and satisfaction (p = 0.03), with significant improvement showed in patients with detrusor overactivity with impaired contractility. CONCLUSION: Although gains observed in IIEF-5 and FSFI were modest, our preliminary results show that SNM may have favorable impact on sexual function.

Laparoscopic Training in Urology Residency Programs: A Systematic Review.

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Laparoscopy is a widespread surgical approach for many urological conditions. Achieving prof-ciency in laparoscopic surgery requires considerable effort due to the steep learning curve. Several residency programs include standardized laparoscopic training periods in their curricula. Our aim was to systematically analyze the evidence on the current status of training in laparoscopy in different residency programs in urology. METHODS: We performed a systematic review of PubMed/Medline and the Cochrane library, in February 2018, according to the Preferred Reporting Items for the Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses Statement. Identified reports were reviewed according to the previously defined inclusion criteria. Eight publications, comprising a total of 985 urology residents, were selected for inclusion in this analysis. RESULTS: There was a wide variation between training programs in terms of exposure to laparoscopy. Most residents considered that training in lap-aroscopy was inadequate during residency and had a low degree of confidence in independently performing laparo-scopic procedures by the end of the residency. Only North American residents reported high degrees of confidence in the possibility of performing laparoscopic procedures in the uture, whereas the remaining residents, namely from European countries, reported considerably lower degrees of confidence. CONCLUSION: There were considerable differences between national urology residency programs in terms of exposure to laparoscopy. Most residents would prefer higher exposure to laparoscopy throughout their residencies.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Pelvic Fracture Urethral Injuries.

Pelvic fracture urethral injuries (PFUI) are devastating lesions that lead to fibrosis and urethral disruption, which result in recurrent strictures, urinary incontinence, fistulae, and even erectile dysfunction, representing a management problem for the urologist. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be a valuable tool in establishing or confirming the diagnosis by providing detailed anatomy and estimating disease extent. We present a comprehensive review of the current literature on the role of MRI on diagnostic evaluation and surgical management of patients with PFUI.

Urolithiasis and crohn's disease.

OBJECTIVE: To present an updated description of the relation between Crohn's disease (CD) and Urolithiasis. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A literature search for English-language original and review articles was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases in the month of December 2014 for papers either published or e-published up to that date, addressing the association between CD and urolithiasis as its consequence. All articles published in English language were selected for screening based on the following search terms: "CD," "renal calculus," "IBD," and "urolithiasis." We restricted the publication dates to the last 15 years (2000-2014). RESULTS: In total, 901 patients were included in this review of which 95 were identified as having CD and urolithiasis simultaneously, for a total of 10.5%. Average age was 45.07 years old, irrespective of gender. 28.6% of patients received some kind of medical intervention without any kind of surgical technique involved, 50% of patients were submitted to a surgical treatment, and the remaining 21.4% were submitted to a combination of surgical and medical treatment. Urolithiasis and pyelonephritis incidence ranged from 4% to 23% with a risk 10-100 times greater than the risk for general population or for patients with UC, being frequent in patients with ileostomy and multiple bowel resections. We found that urolithiasis occurred in 95 patients from a total of 901 patients with CD (10.5%); 61.81% in men and 38.19% in women. Stone disease seems to present approximately 4-7 years after the diagnosis of bowel disease and CaOx seems to be the main culprit. CONCLUSIONS: CD is a chronic, granulomatous bowel disease, with urolithiasis as the most common extraintestinal manifestation (EIM), particularly frequent in patients submitted to bowel surgery. This complication needs to be recognized and addressed appropriately, especially in patients with unexplained renal dysfunction, abdominal pain, or recurrent urinary tract infection. We believe this study to be an updated valuable review as most data related to this kind of EIM refers to articles published before 2000, most of them before 1990. These patients need to be followed up with a specific prevention plan to eliminate or mitigate the risk factors for stone disease, aiming at preventing its formation and its complications, preserving renal function, reducing morbidity, and ultimately improving their quality of life.

Recent surgical advances in Peyronie's Disease.

INTRODUCTION: Peyronie's disease, a fibrotic disorder of the tunica albuginea of the penis, has been associated with penile shortening and some degree of erectile dysfunction. It affects patient's quality of life, leading to severe psychological, mental, and physical stress. Penile deformation hampers sexual life leading to depression, lack of sexual confidence, loss of sexual function and performance anxiety. Peyronie's disease etiology is yet to be known. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases in January 2015 in order to identify papers related to Peyronie's disease, concerning evolving surgical management, technique, outcomes as well as ancillary treatments. Publications not concerning humans were not considered. We identified original articles, review articles, and editorials addressing the subject. All articles published in the English language were selected for screening. The eligibility criteria for inclusion were based on relevance concerning the subject. RESULTS: The variety of penile deformities associated with Peyronie's disease still doesn't have an effective and reliable non-surgical therapy. We summarize the updated surgical techniques and management algorithm described for Peyronie's disease. DISCUSSION: Surgical management shares similar goals: correcting the curvature, preserving erectile function and penile length, and minimizing morbidity. CONCLUSION: To date there is no high level of evidence-based data to determine the best surgical treatment of Peyronie's disease. After proper diagnosis, surgical reconstruction should be based on giving a functional penis, that is, rectifying the penis with rigidity enough to enable sexual intercourse.

Introdução: A doença de Peyronie, uma doença fibrótica da túnica albuginea do pénis tem estado associada a encurtamento peniano e a algum grau de disfunção eréctil. Afeta a qualidade de vida do doente, levando a stress psicológico, mental e físico. A deformidade peniana perturba a vida sexual do doente, levando a episódios de depressão, disfunções sexuais e a ansiedade associada ao ato sexual. A etiologia da doença de Peyronie permanece por esclarecer. Material e Métodos: A pesquisa na literatura foi efetuada nas bases de dados da Medline, Embase e Cochrane no mês de Janeiro de 2015 no sentido de identificar artigos relacionados com a doença de Peyronie, nomeadamente o tratamento cirúrgico, técnicas, resultados bem como tratamentos complementares. Publicações que não envolvessem humanos não foram consideradas. Identificámos artigos originais, artigos de revisão e editoriais acerca do assunto em questão. Todos os artigos publicados na língua inglesa foram selecionados para screening. Os critérios de elegibilidade para inclusão envolveram a relevância associada ao tema. Resultados: Existe uma variedade de deformidades penianas associada com a doença de Peyronie que ainda não têm uma solução não cirúrgica que seja eficaz. Apresentamos uma atualização das técnicas cirúrgicas atuais bem como o algoritmo de tratamento associada a esta doença. Discussão: Todos os tratamentos cirúrgicos têm como objetivo a correção da curvatura, a preservação da função eréctil e do comprimento peniano, bem como o de minimizar a morbilidade. Conclusão: Até à data não existem estudos de medicina baseada na evidência que determinem o melhor tratamento cirúrgico para a doença de Peyronie. Após o diagnóstico, a reconstrução cirúrgica deve ter como objetivo um pénis funcional, com uma retificação da sua curvatura que permita o acto sexual.

Malignant priapism: Penile metastasis originating on a primary prostate adenocarcinoma.

Malignant priapism is a definition invented in 1938 by Peacock, defined as a persistent erection, not related with sexual activity, caused by cavernous sinus and associated venous systems invasion with malignant cells. Penile secondary lesions are rare entities. Primary locations are usually the pelvic cavity organs, namely the prostate and the bladder as the most common ones. Priapism as a first manifestation of these kinds of lesions is even rarer. The aim was to present a 52-year-old patient harboring a penile metastasis that originated in the primary prostate adenocarcinoma, manifesting itself as a "common" priapism. The patient referred to the emergency room presenting with a priapism and nodules at the coronal sulcus, without previous similar episodes. His evolution until properly diagnosed was catastrophic with multiple lymph nodes, bone and organ involvement, and with his demise soon after from serious bleeding and congestive heart failure, almost 2 months after he first came to the emergency room. We review the literature concerning malignant priapism, diagnosis, and current treatment and survival perspectives.

Sexual Urological Emergencies.

INTRODUCTION: Sexual intercourse is often a reason for an emergency room visit because of urinary tract traumas. AIM: To present an organized description of the most common urological emergencies during sexual intercourse and its management in emergency settings. METHODS: We reviewed the most common urological emergencies that occurred related to sexual intercourse. Our literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, and Cochrane databases in October 2014 to identify the different sexual urological emergencies needing immediate care: type, etiology, presentation, radiologic and/or surgical intervention, and outcomes. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: We identified original articles, review articles, and editorials addressing the subject, restricting the search to the last 14 years (2000-2014), also including additional papers, outside this time frame, that we believed to be relevant. RESULTS: Men of younger age were the most affected. Trauma to the genitourinary organs resulted primarily from autoeroticism and hetero and homosexual relations. The major pathologies we came to identify in this setting were: penile fractures, false penile fractures, penile strangulation, penile necrosis, and urethrovesical foreign bodies resulting from autoeroticism practices. We reviewed each one separately according the articles selected previously. CONCLUSIONS: Sexual activity is mechanically dangerous, and it is not that uncommon for injuries to occur with patients referring to the emergency department for help. Young men are the most common group affected, with penile fracture being consistently the most common urological emergency concerning coitus. Some injuries concerning the low urinary tract or genitalia can usually be treated directly in the emergency department, whereas penile fracture or penile strangulation might need surgical intervention. Urethrovesical foreign bodies result mainly from sexual or autoeroticism practices and need individualized management. Emergency department personnel need to be trained in order to promptly recognize and manage these kinds of injuries. Rigorous data collection would surely improve treatment success and preventive strategies. Gaspar SS, Dias JS, Martins F, and Lopes TM. Sexual urological emergencies. Sex Med Rev 2015;3:93-100.