[Cognitive and psychoemotional changes in menopausal transition: The possibility of medical correction].

The increasing of older age group in the population determines studying of age related diseases and emergence of new investigations in this area. In Female body, entering the menopausal transition is the start of «aging¼ of reproductive function and linked with decreasing of sex hormons levels. A direct connection between changes of estrogen, progesterone, androgen ratios and cognitive function of women was revealed. The anatomical localization of sex hormone receptors, the mechanisms of interaction of hormones with these receptors determine the ways of implementing biological effects of steroids on the CNS. Modern theories of «healthy nerve cells¼ and «eu-estrogenemia¼ explains the role of additional criteria, such as the absence of neurological diseases history and the duration of hypoestrogenia, to the outcome of menopausal hormone therapy. Additional factors that can affect to MHT action include: the composition of hormone therapy, administration methods, regimens (cyclic, continuous), duration of treatment, history of endocrine diseases, diabetes mellitus, gynecological history (parity, menarche age, COC use), heredity. The sections present the effect of menopausal transition on the development of depression, mood changes, sleep disturbances and mental disabilities. The explanation of negative effects of menopausal hormone therapy to cognitive health is also described by modern point of view. The ambivalent opinions of researchers, the potential of new reading of the results of earlier studies, confirms the necessity of continuing study of this topic.

Neuro-ophthalmological Features of Cerebral Venous Sinus Thrombosis.

Neuro-ophtalmological symptoms of 49 patients with cerebral venous sinus thrombosis and different onset of the disease were evaluated. Papilloedema was revealed in 84.6% of patients with acute and subacute onset of the disease and in all patients with chronic onset. Visual disturbances due to papilloedema and post-papilloedema optic atrophy were found in 65.2% of patients with chronic onset. Patients with acute onset of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis were successfully treated with local endovascular thrombolysis. Patients with chronic onset of cerebral venous sinus thrombosis in cases with visual disturbances needed lumboperitoneal shunting to prevent further visual loss.