Dual trigger vs. Conventional trigger outcomes in In Vitro Fertilization. Systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to analyze the efficacy of the dual trigger (human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) + GnRH agonists) compared to the conventional trigger (hCG) in terms of oocyte retrieval (number and oocyte maturity), fertilization rate or number of embryos with two pronuclei, number of high-quality embryos, number of transferred embryos, number of cryopreserved embryos, implantation rate, positive ß-hCG rate, ongoing pregnancy rate, abortion rate, and live birth rate. METHODS: This search performed in this systematic review included all literature published in the PubMed database of studies on controlled ovarian stimulation with dual trigger compared with conventional trigger. The meta-analysis included clinical trials and prospective cohort studies. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences between groups (dual trigger vs. hCG trigger) in terms of number of oocytes retrieved and live birth rate favored the dual trigger protocol. No statistically significant differences were found in the other studied variables. A tend favoring the dual trigger protocol was observed in all studied parameters. CONCLUSIONS: Dual trigger seems to be more effective in GnRH antagonist cycles in terms of embryo and pregnancy outcome.

Successful pregnancy and follow-up after in vitro fertilization of a kidney transplant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, primary biliary cholangitis, and hypothyroidism.

This report describes the case of a female kidney transplant patient with systemic lupus erythematosus, primary biliary cholangitis, and postsurgical hypothyroidism due to Grave's disease who had a healthy newborn after in vitro fertilization (IVF). Cases of successful pregnancy involving women who underwent IVF after kidney transplantation have been reported. Normal and stable renal function, adequate immunosuppressant therapy, and well-managed blood pressure are requirements to be eligible for IVF and pregnancy. Primary biliary cholangitis without cirrhosis does not seem to worsen during pregnancy and IVF must be individualized in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. There are no similar case reports involving kidney transplant patients or individuals with autoimmune disorders, so the decision to perform IVF had to be individualized in order to avoid complications for the mother and fetus.

Seroprevalencia y transmisión vertical de enfermedad de Chagas en una cohorte de gestantes latinoamericanas en un hospital terciario de Madrid / Seroprevalence and vertical transmission of Chagas disease in a cohort of Latin-american pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Madrid

Introducción: La enfermedad de Chagas, causada por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), es endémica en Latinoamérica y emergente en España, ligada a inmigración. La transmisión vertical se estima de alrededor del 5%. Se recomienda cribado selectivo en el embarazo para identificar al recién nacido infectado, permitiendo tratamiento precoz y curación de la enfermedad. Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio fue estimar la prevalencia de serología positiva para T. cruzi en una cohorte de gestantes latinoamericanas y la tasa de transmisión vertical de la misma. Pacientes y métodos: Estudio observacional prospectivo de gestantes con serología positiva para T. cruzi en hospital terciario, desde enero del 2013 hasta abril del 2015. El seguimiento de recién nacidos se realizó con PCR al nacimiento, repetida al mes, y serología a los 9-12 meses. Se consideró infectado al niño con PCR positiva y no infectado al niño con PCR negativa y/o negativización de anticuerpos. Resultados: Se realizó cribado en 1.244 gestantes latinoamericanas, siendo positivas 40 (prevalencia 3,2%, IC del 95%: 2,4-4,4%), 85% procedentes de Bolivia. Solo un niño resultó infectado (transmisión vertical 2,8%, IC del 95%: 0-15%) con PCR positiva al nacimiento. La detección de la embarazada permitió estudiar a los hermanos, detectándose caso asintomático en paciente de 8 años. Ambos tratados con benznidazol con buena tolerancia, evolución favorable y negativización de PCR y anticuerpos. Conclusión: El cribado de embarazadas latinoamericanas ha permitido la detección de gestantes con enfermedad de Chagas. La transmisión vertical fue del 2,3%, coincidente con la literatura. El cribado ha permitido la detección y el tratamiento de casos familiares no identificados previamente (AU)

Background: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is endemic in Latin-America and is emerging in Spain due to immigration. The vertical transmission rate is around 5%. A routine prenatal screening with serology of all pregnant women from endemic areas is recommended to identify infected newborns, allowing early treatment and cure. Objective: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of positive Chagas serology in a cohort of pregnant women from Latin-America and its vertical transmission. Patients and methods: An observational, prospective, follow-up study was conducted on women with positive serology to T. cruzi, as well as their newborns, from January 2013 to April 2015. Congenital Chagas was ruled out using a PCR technique at birth and at 1 month, and with serology at 9-12 months old. A child was considered infected when PCR was positive, and uninfected when PCR was negative, and/or it had a negative serology. Results: Screening was performed on 1244 pregnant women from Latin-America, and there were positive results in 40 (prevalence 3.2%, 95% CI: 2.4-4.4%), with 85% of them from Bolivia. There was only one infected newborn (rate of vertical transmission 2.8% (95% CI: 0-15%)), who had a positive PCR at birth. Relative studies enabled an 8-year-old sister with an asymptomatic disease to be diagnosed and treated. Both were treated successfully with benznidazole (later the PCR and serology were negative). Conclusion: Screening during pregnancy in Latin-American women helped to detect those with Chagas disease. The rate of vertical transmission was 2.8%, in keeping with literature. Screening led to the detection and treatment of previously unidentified familial cases (AU)

[Seroprevalence and vertical transmission of Chagas disease in a cohort of Latin-american pregnant women in a tertiary hospital in Madrid]. / Seroprevalencia y transmisión vertical de enfermedad de Chagas en una cohorte de gestantes latinoamericanas en un hospital terciario de Madrid.

BACKGROUND: Chagas disease, caused by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi), is endemic in Latin-America and is emerging in Spain due to immigration. The vertical transmission rate is around 5%. A routine prenatal screening with serology of all pregnant women from endemic areas is recommended to identify infected newborns, allowing early treatment and cure. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of positive Chagas serology in a cohort of pregnant women from Latin-America and its vertical transmission. PATIENTS AND METHODS: An observational, prospective, follow-up study was conducted on women with positive serology to T. cruzi, as well as their newborns, from January 2013 to April 2015. Congenital Chagas was ruled out using a PCR technique at birth and at 1 month, and with serology at 9-12 months old. A child was considered infected when PCR was positive, and uninfected when PCR was negative, and/or it had a negative serology. RESULTS: Screening was performed on 1244 pregnant women from Latin-America, and there were positive results in 40 (prevalence 3.2%, 95% CI: 2.4-4.4%), with 85% of them from Bolivia. There was only one infected newborn (rate of vertical transmission 2.8% (95% CI: 0-15%)), who had a positive PCR at birth. Relative studies enabled an 8-year-old sister with an asymptomatic disease to be diagnosed and treated. Both were treated successfully with benznidazole (later the PCR and serology were negative). CONCLUSION: Screening during pregnancy in Latin-American women helped to detect those with Chagas disease. The rate of vertical transmission was 2.8%, in keeping with literature. Screening led to the detection and treatment of previously unidentified familial cases.

Recidiva de teratoma ovárico tras encefalitis anti-NMDA y manejo de la fertilidad: caso clínico / Ovarian teratoma recurrence after anti-NMDA encephalitis and fertility management: a clinical case

RESUMEN CASO CLÍNICO: la encefalitis anti receptor N-metil D-aspartato (NMDAR) es un trastorno autoinmune con un amplio espectro de síntomas neuropsiquiátricos. Se presenta el caso de una mujer de 22 años con una encefalitis anti-NMDA que cursó con amnesia, crisis parciales complejas y alteraciones del comportamiento asociado a un teratoma ovárico. La evolución fue adecuada con cirugía e inmunosupresores. A los tres años se objetivó un teratoma contralateral, sin recidiva de encefalitis; que fue extirpado tras estimulación ovárica para criopreservación de ovocitos. CONCLUSIONES: el teratoma ovárico debe ser sospechado ante la presencia de una encefalitis atípica. Antes de realizar cirugías ováricas repetidas, debe valorarse la opción de vitrificación ovocitaria si los deseos genésicos de la mujer no están cumplidos.

ABSTRACT CLINICAL CASE: anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate-receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis is an autoimmune disorder with a wide sprectrum of neuropsyquiatric symtoms. A case of a 22 years old woman with NMDAR encephalitis presenting with amnesia, focal complex seizures and behavior disturbances associated with an ovarian teratoma is reported. Three years after the first episode, a contralateral teratoma was observed, with no recurrence of the encephalitis; teratoma excision was performed, after controlled ovarian stimulation for oocyte cryopreservation. CONCLUSIONS: ovarian teratoma must be suspected when atypical encephalitis occurs. Before performing repetead ovarian surgeries, oocyte vitrificaction must be considered as a fertility-sparing option in women who have not completed their childbearing wishes.

Enfermedad de Chagas y gestación / Chagas’ disease and pregnancy

La enfermedad de Chagas puede transmitirse porvía vertical y transplacentaria en áreas noendémicas. Las migraciones ofrecen la oportunidadde ver enfermedades nuevas en estas zonas, queen muchas ocasiones pueden ser de gran interésdesde el punto de vista diagnóstico y terapéuticoen la gestación. Las principales afectaciones en elrecién nacido recogidas en la bibliografía sonprematuridad, bajo peso al nacimiento y bajapuntuación en la prueba de Apgar. La afectaciónplacentaria no implica afectación fetal en todos loscasos. El tratamiento se ha de posponer a finalizarla gestación por los posibles efectos teratogénicos

Chagas’ disease can be transmitted through verticaltransmission and breast feeding in non-endemicareas. Migration is spreading new diseases in theseareas, which may have diagnostic and therapeuticimplications in pregnancy. The main effects innewborns reported in the literature are prematurity,low birth weight, and low Apgar score. Placentalinvolvement does not imply fetal disease in allcases. Treatment must be postponed until the endof pregnancy due to the possibility of teratogenic effects (AU)