Aphasia burden to hospitalised acute stroke patients: need for an early rehabilitation programme.

BACKGROUND/PURPOSE: The aim of our study is to evaluate the frequency of aphasia and to describe the characteristics of aphasics among a large sample of acute stroke patients in Italy. METHODS: Out of the 11 572 stroke patients hospitalised within 48 h from stroke onset, included in the PROSIT study, we selected 9594 alert cases for the estimation of aphasia frequency. The presence of aphasia was accepted when registered in the clinical records at the first neurological examination. All patients/caregivers underwent to a 2-year telephone follow-up evaluation. RESULTS: Twenty-eight per cent of alert acute stroke patients had aphasia, which was associated with arm and/or limb weakness in 74% of cases. In our series, aphasia was more frequent in females than males, in patients older than 75 years and was associated with more severe stroke. Aphasics, compared with nonaphasics, died more frequently. Aphasia was also significantly associated with residual poststroke disability. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study considering the frequency of aphasia in a wide population of hospitalised acute stroke patients. The presence of aphasia is more common in patients with severe stroke and contributes to residual disability. Our findings should be considered for setting early specific rehabilitation programmes.

Safety of carotid stenting for stroke prevention: need of an independent outcome assessor.

Safety and efficacy of carotid artery stenting have still to be fully established. We propose a standardized registry of carotid artery stenting in use at our hospital to evaluate whether the presence of an independent neurologist performing basal, procedural and post-procedural observation increases the accuracy of outcome assessment. We collected a cohort of patients receiving carotid stenting. An external neurologist supervised the endovascular intervention and monitored the patient's clinical conditions during procedure and follow-up time (12 months). The procedure was carried out successfully in all cases. We registered two intra-procedural strokes and two strokes within 24 h. The risk of major complications in our study was 9.1% at 30 days. Our complication rate is higher than in previous studies. These findings could be partly explained by the unemployment of distal protection devices, but also by the presence of an independent observer that might have increased the accuracy of neurological evaluation.

Stroke Unit care in Italy. Results from PROSIT (Project on Stroke Services in Italy). A nationwide study.

The future challenge for improving stroke patients' outcome will be to implement new Stroke Units (SUs) worldwide. However the best SU model remains uncertain. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of SUs and the quality characteristics of acute stroke care in Italy. We conducted a SU survey in Italy, interviewing the directors of the hospital wards that discharged at least 50 acute stroke patients a year. A SU was defined as an acute ward area with stroke-dedicated beds and staff. To compare the quality of care provided in SUs with that in general wards (GWs) we investigated the characteristics of five domains: hospital setting, unit setting, staffing, process of care and diagnostic investigations. We identified 68 SUs and 677 GWs. Multivariate logistic regression analyses demonstrated that SUs compared to GWs had higher quality scores in unit setting (ROC area=0.9721), staffing (ROC area=0.8760) and care organisation (ROC area=0.7984). The hospital setting (ROC area=0.7033) and the availability of rapid diagnostic investigations (ROC area=0.7164) had lower power in discriminating SU from GW. In Italy in 2003/04 only 9% of the hospital services had organised SU care. The study demonstrated that SUs admitted more than 100 patients per year, had more monitoring equipment and staffing time, and practised multidisciplinary meetings and early mobilisation. The utility of these structural and performance characteristics needs validation from outcome studies.