Systematic Study on Nonlinear Optical Chromophores with Improved Electro-Optic Activity by Introducing 3,5-Bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene Derivative Isolation Groups into the Bridge.

A series of novel chromophores A, B, C, and D, based on the julolidinyl donor and the tricyanofuran (TCF) and CF3-tricyanofuran (CF3-Ph-TCF) acceptors, have been synthesized and systematically investigated. The 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene derivative isolation group was introduced into the bridge in the chromophores C and D. These nonlinear optical chromophores showed good thermal stability, and their decomposition temperatures were all above 220 °C. Density functional theory (DFT) was used to calculate the energy gaps and first-order hyperpolarizability (ß). The macroscopic electro-optic (EO) activity was measured using a simple reflection method. The highest EO coefficient of poled films containing 35 wt% of chromophore D doped in amorphous polycarbonate afforded values of 54 pm/V at 1310 nm. The results indicate that the 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene isolation group can suppress the dipole-dipole interaction of chromophores. The moderate r33 value, good thermal stability, and good yield of chromophores suggest their potential use in the nonlinear optical area.

Case Report: J-Shaped External Fixator for Treatment of Mayo Type II Olecranon Fractures - A Novel Surgical Technique and Report of Clinical Applications.

Purpose: We designed a J-shaped external fixator (J-EF) to provide a minimally invasive, one-step surgical method for olecranon fractures. The aim of this study is to retrospectively review the method and the outcomes in 14 patients treated with J-EF fixation. Methods: Biomechanical comparative study was performed to test the tensile properties of the J-EF using a universal testing machine. Between January 2002 and December 2005, 14 patients (age range: 25-67 years) with Mayo type II olecranon fractures were treated using the external fixation technique. Follow-up was done by standard measures (radiography, range of motion, and complications monitoring) and patient-reported outcomes (Mayo Elbow Performance Score [MEPS] and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand [DASH] scores) 6 months after surgery. Eight of the patients were reviewed 15 years after the surgery. Results: Results from biomechanical studies indicate the non-inferiority of J-EF to tension-band wiring (TBW) in tensile properties. At the time of release, the mean elbow flexion arc was 132.5° and the mean forearm rotation arc was 173.6°. The mean DASH score was 14.1 points, and the mean MEPS was 93.9 points. Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were decreased by 41.3% and 64.6%, respectively, in J-EF patients than those in a comparable group treated by TBW. All eight patients are still alive after the surgery and maintaining the original outcome. Conclusions: External fixation using the J-EF could be considered as an alternative treatment for Mayo type II olecranon fractures as it appears to be a reliable, minimally invasive, and time-saving. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV.

Effect of Microscope Combined with Wechat Smart Platform on Clinical Efficacy and Gastrointestinal Function of Patients with Cholecystolithiasis Combined with Common Bile Duct Stones.

To explore the clinical efficacy of microscope combined with Wechat smart platform in patients with cholecystolithiasis and choledocholithiasis, this paper proposes the effect of microscope combined with Wechat smart platform intervention after laparoscopic lithotomy and choledocholithotomy on the clinical efficacy and gastrointestinal function of patients with cholecystolithiasis combined with choledocholithiasis. From February 2018 to March 2019, 78 patients with gastric cancer were selected by our clinic and included in the research team. Evaluate the efficacy of endoscopic biliary lithotomy (LBL) + bile duct lithotomy (TBL) + T-tube drainage therapy to provide reliable evidence for improved efficacy and efficacy in order to provide a strong reference for improving the effectiveness and safety of surgical treatment of choledocholithiasis. Safety of surgical treatment of diseases. Gallstone disease. The experiments did not show any significant differences between the two groups during surgery. Diabetes was lower in the control group, and hospital incidence was lower in the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups for preoperative WHOQOL-100 scores. Two weeks and four weeks after surgery, the man-key-100 score was higher than that of the control group. Endoscopic cholecystectomy + choledocholithotomy + choledochoscopic lithotomy + T-tube fluid have been shown to be effective in promoting rapid intestinal function and improving patient quality of life and are appropriate for therapeutic use.

Gastric cancer in proximal site exerts poorer survival outcome with divergent genetic features than distal site.

BACKGROUND: Anatomical subsites always harbor specific biological features in carcinogenesis. The divergent prognosis of proximal gastric cancer (PGC) and distal gastric cancer (DGC) has been reported. The current study aimed to comprehensively interpret anatomic subsite-specific genomic profiles, which may improve the effectiveness of personalized management. METHODS: Survival and genomic data from the online Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) and The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases were queried for prognostic and genetic analysis, respectively. Propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance patient epidemiological factors. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were analyzed using the DESeq algorithm. Functional enrichment was performed by the clusterProfiler package. The protein-protein interaction network of DEGs was predicted by the online STRING database. RESULTS: A total of 3,955 patient pairs were assembled by PSM in SEER data with even background characteristics. Prognostic analysis indicated worse overall survival of PGC than DGC (17 vs 20 months, p = 0.0002). Genetic analysis of TCGA database identified 280 DEGs, 90 of which were upregulated in the DGC group and the remaining 190 were upregulated in the PGC group. Functional enrichment analysis indicated that kallikrein serine protease activity, ion channel (Na+/Cl-) activity, and cytoskeleton constituent might be attributed to the poor prognosis observed in PGC. Furthermore, alcohol, retinol, and lipoprotein metabolism were the features for DGC malignancy. CONCLUSION: The current study first demonstrated that PGC exerts poorer survival outcome than DGC based on the SEER database. Further bioinformatic investigation depicts the specific genetic features for PGC and DGC, which may generate differences in tumor malignancy. Our findings provide promising genetic targets for future specific and individualized gastric cancer therapy.

A cohort study of isolated brainstem infarction based on head MR imaging and clinical findings.

OBJECTIVE: The prognosis of patients with isolated brainstem infarction (BSI) differs on an individual patient basis. This study was undertaken to analyze the influences of different imaging and clinical features with the prognosis of patients with BSI. METHODS: The study population was derived from a multicenter study of intracranial atherosclerosis in China. In the present study, 300 patients were selected who had experienced non-cardiogenic brain stem infarction within the prior 7 days. Evaluations included clinical characteristics, location and size of the brainstem infarction, and whether the infarction was located in multiple perforating branches of the brainstem. Poor prognosis was defined as the presence of disability within 1 year from the onset of disease. RESULTS: In total, 281 patients were followed up at 1 year post-infarction. Of these 281 patients, 84 (29.9%) exhibited disability at 1 year; these patients showed a median National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale score of 6 on admission. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that patients with BSI located in the territory of multiple perforating arteries, who were discharged without administration of statins, showed a poor 1-year prognosis. CONCLUSION: Isolated BSI involving multiple perforating arteries, without statin medication at discharge, indicated poor prognosis for patients with BSI.

Macromolecular Crowding Agents-Assisted Imprinted Polymers For Analysis Of Glycocholic Acid In Human Plasma And Urine.

Glycocholic acid (GCA) is a newly identified biomarker for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. In this study, a method based on macromolecular crowding strategy has been applied for preparation of a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP), which possesses high adsorption capacity for GCA. Polymethyl methacrylate was used as a macromolecular crowding agent, N-(3-aminopropyl)-methacrylamide hydrochloride as a functional monomer and ethylene dimethacrylate as a cross-linker. The morphology and binding characteristics of MIP were assessed by scanning electron microscopy and absorption experiments. The MIP was used as an adsorbent material to separate GCA, and the molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction (MISPE) was carefully optimized. The MISPE combined with high-performance liquid chromatographic analysis was successfully used to determine the GCA in plasma and urine samples. When spiked levels ranged from 0.2 to 20 µmol L-1 , the recoveries were between 94.3 and 100.5%. As a proof of principle, this proposed method has been validated on a small subset of HCC patients (n = 10) and healthy volunteers (n = 10). The average GCA concentrations of HCC patients in plasma and urine were about 25 and 2.8 times than that of healthy volunteers. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Effects of tripterygium glycosides on restenosis following endovascular treatment.

The mechanism and associated factors of restenosis following intravascular stent implantation remain to be elucidated. The present two­part experimental and clinical study aimed to investigate the effects of tripterygium glycosides on in­stent restenosis subsequent to intra­arterial therapy. Following endovascular stent implantation in rabbit iliac arteries, post­stent outcomes were evaluated in cyclosporine groups, low­dose and high­dose tripterygium glycosides groups and controls. Post­operative angiography indicated that vessel diameters were similar between groups; however, at 28 days after receiving the therapeutic agents, vessels of the cyclosporine and tripterygium glycosides groups were significantly larger than those of the controls. Furthermore, three groups of patients had comparable baseline levels of interleukin (IL)­10, IL­18 and C­reactive protein, and intima­media thickness. However, 1 month after stent implantation, levels of IL­10 and IL­18 were markedly reduced in the high­ and low­dose tripterygium glycosides groups compared with controls. At 6 months after surgery, the stent patency rate in patients with bare stents was significantly lower than in patients receiving tripterygium glycosides (P≤0.009). In addition, the ankle­brachial index was also higher than in those without tripterygium glycosides (P<0.001). Results of the experimental and clinical studies suggest that tripterygium glycosides may inhibit and possibly aid in the prevention of in­stent restenosis formation following endovascular treatment of lower­extremity artery disease.

Prevention of pulmonary embolisms associated with vena cava filter implantation.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the prevention of pulmonary embolism (PE) by the implantation of inferior vena cava filters (IVCFs). METHODS: Data of 1058 patients treated for lower extremity deep vein thrombosis (DVT) between January 2005 and January 2012 were analyzed retrospectively and divided into those with and without PE. RESULTS: Of the 1058 patients, 34 had PEs (3.2%) and 1024 did not. Multivariable analyses showed that PEs were less likely to occur in patients with IVCFs than in those without IVCFs (odd ratio [OR] = 0.028, P < 0.001), and were more likely to occur in patients with vena cava thrombosis than in those without vena cava thrombosis (OR = 19.094, P < 0.001). Analyses stratified by DVT site showed that vena cava thrombosis was the only risk factor of PE for patients with a left DVT (crude OR = 12.814, P < 0.001), and IVCF implantation was the only protective factor for PE for patients with a right or bilateral DVT (crude OR = 0.028, P = 0.001). IVCF patency rate for follow-up was 98.7% with no filter migration, declination, or failure of expansion. CONCLUSIONS: IVCFs can reduce the occurrence of PEs in patients with DVTs.

[Leihong granule intervened in-stent restenosis after endovascular therapy for lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases: a clinical observation].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the intervention effect of Leihong Granule (LG) in in-stent restenosis (ISR) after endovascular therapy for lower extremity arterial occlusive diseases (LEAOD). METHODS: Recruited 80 LEAOD patients who successfully underwent endovascular therapy (balloon dilation and stent implantation) were randomly assigned to two groups, the control group and the LG group, 40 in each group. Patients in the control group received basic treatment, while those in the LG group additionally took LG for 3 months. Plasma levels of IL-10, IL-18, CRP, and the intima-media thickness (IMT) of lower extremity artery were observed in the two groups between and after treatment. The rate of stent patency, ABI, intermittent claudication, rest pain, and the incidence of amputation the two groups were recorded and observed in the two groups. RESULTS: In the control group, serum levels of IL-10, IL-18, CRP, and IMT were significantly higher one month after surgery than before surgery (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in serum levels of IL-10, IL-18, CRP, or IMT between the two groups before surgery (P > 0.05). These indices were obviously lower in the LG group than in the control group after surgery (P < 0.05). Compared with the control group, the incidence rates of intermittent claudication and the rest pain at 6 months and 12 months after surgery significantly decreased (P < 0.05). The stent patency rate at 6 months and 12 months after surgery, and ABI were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). There was no statistical difference in the amputation rate between the two groups (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: LG might effectively improve ischemic symptoms of affected limbs possibly through lowering the ISR rate after endovascular therapy for LEAOD through preventing immunosuppressive actions.

The role of axon guidance factor semaphorin 6B in the invasion and metastasis of gastric cancer.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the role of semaphorin 6B in gastric cancer invasion and metastasis. METHODS: Immunohistochemistry for semaphorin 6B was performed on gastric cancer tumour tissue samples in this retrospective study. Levels of semaphorin 6B protein and mRNA were determined in gastric cancer cell lines by Western blotting and quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The human gastric cancer cell line SGC-7901 was transfected with small interfering RNA targeting semaphorin 6B; effects on cell adhesion, migration and invasion were determined by cell adhesion assay, transwell chamber migration assay and wound healing assay, respectively. RESULTS: Tumour tissue samples from 220 patients were analysed. In vivo, semaphorin 6B immunopositivity correlated with tumour differentiation, lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis but not patient age, sex or tumour stage. Semaphorin 6B gene silencing significantly suppressed adhesion, migration and invasion of gastric cancer cells in vitro. CONCLUSIONS: Semaphorin 6B is related to tumour differentiation and metastasis in vivo, and tumour cell migration, adhesion and invasion in vitro. Semaphorin 6B may represent a reliable biomarker for diagnosis, evaluation and gene-targeted therapy of gastric cancer.