Comparative safety of multiple doses of erythropoietin for the treatment of traumatic brain injury: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Introduction: Over the past few decades, advances in traumatic brain injury (TBI) pathology research have dynamically enriched our knowledge. Therefore, we aimed to systematically elucidate the safety and efficacy of erythropoietin (EPO) dosing regimens in patients with TBI. Methods: Data search included PubMed, the Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science, and ClinicalTrials.gov for related research published before July 2022. The network meta-analysis was conducted using ADDIS 1.16.8, and the CINeMA tool was used to assess the quality level of evidence. Results: A total of six RCTs involving 981 patients were included in the network meta-analysis. EPO did not significantly reduce mortality in patients with TBI, but its risk of death decreased with increasing dosage (odds ratio (OR) of 12,000u vs. placebo = 0.98, 95% CI: 0.03-40.34; OR of group 30,000u vs. placebo = 0.56, 95% CI: 0.06-5.88; OR of 40,000u vs. placebo = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.01-9.43; OR of 70,000u vs. placebo = 0.29, 95% CI: 0.01-9.26; OR of group 80,000u vs. placebo = 0.22, 95% CI: 0.00-7.45). A total of three studies involving 739 patients showed that EPO did not increase the incidence of deep vein thrombosis in patients with TBI. However, the risk tended to rise as the dosage increased. Another two studies demonstrated that EPO did not increase the incidence of pulmonary embolism. The quality of evidence for all outcomes was low to moderate. Conclusion: Although the efficacy of EPO was not statistically demonstrated, we found a trend toward an association between EPO dosage and reduced mortality and increased embolic events in patients with TBI. More high-quality original studies should be conducted to obtain strong evidence on the optimal dosage of EPO. Systematic review registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=272500. The study protocol was registered with PROSPERO (CRD42021272500).

The effectiveness of virtual reality for rehabilitation of Parkinson disease: an overview of systematic reviews with meta-analyses.

BACKGROUND: An increasing number of systematic reviews (SRs) and meta-analyses (MAs) of clinical trials have begun to investigate the effects of virtual reality (VR) in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). The aim of this overview was to systematically summarize the current best evidence for the effectiveness of VR therapy for the rehabilitation of people with PD. METHODS: We searched SR-MAs based on randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for relevant literature in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane library databases for systematic reviews from inception to December 5, 2020, and updated to January 26, 2022. The methodological quality of included SR-MAs was evaluated with the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2), and the certainty of evidence for outcomes with the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE). We created an evidence map using a bubble plot format to represent the evidence base in 5 dimensions: effect size of VR therapy versus active intervention (AT), clinical outcome area, number of trials, statistical significance, and certainty of evidence. RESULTS: From a total of 585 reports, 12 reviews were identified, of which only one was rated moderate quality, three were rated low quality, and eight were rated critically low quality by AMSTAR 2. Compared with AT, VR therapy induced increased benefits on stride/step length, balance, and neuropsychiatric symptoms. Compared with passive intervention (PT), VR therapy had greater effects on gait speed, stride/step length, balance, activities of daily living, and postural control in people with PD. Certainty of evidence varied from very low to moderate. CONCLUSIONS: We found the methodological quality of the reviews was poor, and certainty of the most evidence within them was low to very low. We were therefore unable to conclude with any confidence that, in people with PD, VR therapy is harmful or beneficial for gait, balance, motor function, quality of life, activities of daily living, cognitive function, neuropsychiatric symptoms, and postural control. In the future, rigorous-designed, high-quality RCTs with larger sample sizes are needed to further verify the effectiveness of VR therapy in the treatment of PD.

The effectiveness and safety of low-level laser therapy on breast cancer-related lymphedema: An overview and update of systematic reviews.

The objective of our overview of systematic reviews was to critically analyze the evidence from existing systematic reviews investigating the effectiveness and safety of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in patients with breast cancer-related lymphedema (BCRL). In addition, an updated and comprehensive systematic review was conducted, which aimed to provide updated evidence about this topic. PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were systematically searched for systematic reviews and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effectiveness and safety of LLLT in patients with BCRL. The methodological quality for each of included systematic reviews or RCTs was assessed using the Assessing the Methodological Quality of Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR 2) tool or Cochrane risk of bias tool, respectively. The updated systematic review separately compared the effectiveness of LLLT to each of active or negative interventions. Data were pooled with random-effects models for each outcome per comparison. The evidence quality of outcomes was assessed using the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) or GRADE-Confidence in the Evidence from Reviews of Qualitative research (GRADE-CERQual) for quantitative studies and qualitative studies, respectively. Seven systematic reviews and ten RCTs met the eligibility criteria. Conflicting results regarding the effectiveness of LLLT were presented by the overview of systematic reviews. The AMSTAR 2 showed that the methodological quality of included systematic reviews was low or critically low quality due to one or more critical weaknesses. The GRADE and GRADE-CERQual showed that the evidence quality was low to very low for most outcomes. The updated systematic review showed that LLLT may offer additional benefits as compared to compression therapies (pneumatic compression or compression bandage), placebo laser, or no treatment for patients with BCRL. However, when compared to other types of active interventions, LLLT did not improve outcomes significantly. None of the treatment-related adverse event was reported. Many trials had a high or unclear risk of bias for two or more items, and our updated systematic review showed low quality of evidence per outcome using GRADE approach. Due to insufficient data and poor quality of evidence, there is uncertain to reach these conclusions that LLLT is superior to another active or negative intervention and is safe. More RCTs of high methodological quality, with large sample sizes and long-term follow-up, are needed to inform clinical guidelines and routine practice.

Whether cognitive behavioral therapy is effective for Alzheimer's disease: A protocol for systematic review and network meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Alzheimer disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease characterized by impaired memory and cognitive judgment. It is the leading cause of dementia in the elderly, and its high morbidity and mortality have also brought a significant social burden. So far, there is no method can completely cure Alzheimer's dementia, but there are many non-drug treatments that have been praised by people, especially the cognitive behavioral therapy proposed in recent years. The main purpose of this article is to evaluate the effect of cognitive behavioral therapy on the cognitive function improvement of patients with Alzheimer's dementia. METHODS: We did a network meta-analysis to identify both direct and indirect evidence in relevant studies. A systematic literature search will be performed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and EMBASE from inception to October 2020. We extracted the relevant information from these trials with a predefined data extraction sheet and assessed the risk of bias with the Cochrane risk of bias tool.The outcomes investigated were Mini-Mental State Examination and AD Assessment Scale-Cognitive section scores. We did a pair-wise meta-analysis using the fixed-effects model and then did a random-effects network meta-analysis within a Bayesian framework. The = the Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews-2 scale, Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses scale and Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to assess the quality and evidence grade of the literature. General characteristics of the eligible randomized controlled trials will be summarized and described. Meanwhile, The ADDIS software will be used to perform the network meta-analysis, and the result figures will be generated by STATA 15.0 software. RESULTS: Using the draft search strategy of databases and after screening,7 randomized controlled trials met the a priori criteria and were included. This network mate-analysis will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. CONCLUSION: Our study will provide evidence for cognitive behavioral intervention in AD patients. And provide recommendations and guidelines for the clinic. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION: INPLASY2020110052.

Cavitation of symptomatic acute single small subcortical infarctions.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: To investigate cavitation of symptomatic acute single small subcortical infarctions (SSSI). METHODS: Acute SSSI were diagnosed with magnetic resonance (MR) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) combined with apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) sequence on follow-up MR imaging. Cavitation of the acute SSSI was comprehensively viewed on FLAIR, T2-, and T1-weighted sequences. RESULTS: We enrolled 123 patients with acute SSSI. The follow-up median interval was 303 (125-390) days. The lesions of SSSI evolved into cavitation in 93 patients (75.6%), evolved into WMHs in nine patients (7.3%), and were no visible in 21 patients (17.1%). Cavitation was independently associated with larger infarct diameter on baseline DWI [odds ratio (OR), 1.250, 95% CI (1.078-1.451), P = 0.003], higher score of baseline old lacunar infarct [OR 3.44, 95% CI (1.49-7.91), P = 0.004], and lower rate of dyslipidemia [OR 0.30, 95% CI (0.10-0.76), P = 0.013]. CONCLUSION: Cavitation occurred more in the setting of small vessel diseased brain and less in the SSSI of possible atherosclerotic etiology. This suggested that the etiology of infarct was associated with cavitation after acute SSSI.

Age and the risk of new ischemic lesions on diffusion weighted imaging after carotid artery stenting: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

To perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to show the association between age and the risk of new ischemic lesions on diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (DWI) after carotid artery stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis. We searched PubMed and EMBASE from their dates of inception to March 14, 2019 for eligible studies. Standardized mean difference (SMD) and pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) was used to evaluate the association between age and new DWI lesions. Sensitivity analysis was performed to detect the possible source of heterogeneity. Twenty-three studies enrolling 2127 patients were included. The incidence of new DWI lesions was 62% in older patients and 41% in younger patient (OR 2.44, 95%CI 1.57-3.79; p < 0.0001). The patients with new DWI lesions were older than those without (SMD 0.24, 95% CI 0.08-0.39; p = 0.003). The risk of new DWI lesions increased by 1.07 per added year (95%CI 1.04-1.11, p < 0.0001). The results remained stable in sensitivity analyses and after adjusting for publication bias. It was concluded that older age was at higher risk of new DWI lesions after stenting in patients with carotid artery stenosis.

Pretreatment cerebral microbleeds and symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage post-thrombolysis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cerebral microbleeds (CMBs) are a possible predictor of symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) and poor function outcome (PFO). We aimed to investigate the presence of CMBs on increased incidence of sICH and PFO in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) treatment. METHODS: We searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library from 1 January 1997 to 13 May 2018, for relevant studies and calculated the pooled relative risk (RR) for the incidence of sICH and PFO in patients with CMBs versus those without after IVT. RESULTS: We included 2407 participants from nine studies. The cumulative sICH incidence was higher in patients with CMBs (6%, 95% CI 4-8%) than that in patients without CMBs (4%, 95% CI 2-6%) with pooled RR 1.51 (95% CI, 1.04-2.21; P = 0.031). Four studies including 1550 patients reported data on 3- to 6-month PFO. The cumulative PFO incidence was higher in patients with CMBs (53%, 95% CI 47-59%) than that in patients without CMBs (41%, 95% CI 36-46%) with pooled RR 1.25 (95% CI 1.11-1.41; P = 0.000). CONCLUSIONS: The pretreatment CMBs were associated with increased incidence of sICH and PFO in acute ischemic stroke patients receiving IVT. However, it was not convincing enough to set the presence of CMBs as contraindication to IVT.

Potential approaches to the treatment of Ewing's sarcoma.

Ewing's sarcoma (ES) is a highly aggressive and metastatic tumor in children and young adults caused by a chromosomal fusion between the Ewing sarcoma breakpoint region 1 (EWSR1) gene and the transcription factor FLI1 gene. ES is managed with standard treatments, including chemotherapy, surgery and radiation. Although the 5-year survival rate for primary ES has improved, the survival rate for ES patients with metastases or recurrence remains low. Several novel molecular targets in ES have recently been identified and investigated in preclinical and clinical settings, and targeting the function of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the fusion protein EWS-FLI1 and mTOR has shown promise. There has also been increasing interest in the immune responses of ES patients. Immunotherapies using T cells, NK cells, cancer vaccines and monoclonal antibodies have been considered for ES, especially for recurrent patients. Because understanding the pathogenesis of ES is extremely important for the development of novel treatments, this review focuses on the mechanisms and functions of targeted therapies and immunotherapies in ES. It is anticipated that integrating the knowledge obtained from basic research and translational and clinical studies will lead to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for the treatment of ES.

Efficacy and safety of a biodegradable polymer sirolimus-eluting stent in primary percutaneous coronary intervention: a randomized controlled trial.

INTRODUCTION: With long-term follow-up, whether biodegradable polymer drug-eluting stents (DES) is efficient and safe in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains a controversial issue. This study aims to assess the long-term efficacy and safety of DES in PCI for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). MATERIAL AND METHODS: A prospective, randomized single-blind study with 3-year follow-up was performed to compare biodegradable polymer DES with durable polymer DES in 332 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI. The primary end point was major adverse cardiac events (MACE) at 3 years after the procedure, defined as the composite of cardiac death, recurrent infarction, and target vessel revascularization. The secondary end points included in-segment late luminal loss (LLL) and binary restenosis at 9 months and cumulative stent thrombosis (ST) event rates up to 3 years. RESULTS: The rate of the primary end points and the secondary end points including major adverse cardiac events, in-segment late luminal loss, binary restenosis, and cumulative thrombotic event rates were comparable between biodegradable polymer DES and durable polymer DES in these 332 STEMI patients treated with primary PCI at 3 years. CONCLUSIONS: Biodegradable polymer DES has similar efficacy and safety profiles at 3 years compared with durable polymer DES in STEMI patients treated with primary PCI.

[Single center experience of primary percutaneous coronary intervention on left main disease complicated by acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the clinical effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) induced by left main artery total or subtotal occlusion. METHODS: Between January 1995 and June 2010, there were 28 AMI patients [24 males, mean age (61.5 ± 2.3) years, 15 patients complicated with cardiac shock] with left main occlusion or severe stenosis who were treated with PCI in our center. The clinical features were compared between death group and survival group. All survival cases were prospectively followed up for the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events. RESULTS: Totally 25 patients received stent implantation, 2 received balloon dilation followed by coronary artery bypass graft, and 1 patient died during PCI. Total in-hospital mortality was 35.7% (10/28), and mortality was 53.3% (8/15) in cardiac shock patients. Compared with survival group, ratio of cardiac shock [80.0% (8/10) vs.38.9% (7/18), P < 0.05] and poor collateral circulation flow [100% (10/10) vs. 33.3% (6/18), P < 0.01] were higher in death group, and there was no significant difference in TIMI 3 grade of forward flow post procedure (P > 0.05). Hospital stay was (22.1 ± 2.6) days and the cumulative survival was 64.3% during 3 months follow up for survival group. CONCLUSIONS: Short-term clinical outcome is favorable for survived AMI patients with left main disease who underwent PCI. The ratio of cardiac shock and poor collateral circulation flow are risk factors for in-hospital death in AMI patients with left main disease who underwent PCI.

Comparison of tirofiban combined with dalteparin or unfractionated heparin in primary percutaneous coronary intervention of acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction patients.

BACKGROUND: Primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is the best treatment of choice for acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). This study aimed to determine the clinical outcomes of tirofiban combined with the low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), dalteparin, in primary PCI patients with acute STEMI. METHODS: From February 2006 to July 2006, a total of 120 patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI were randomised to 2 groups: unfractionated heparin (UFH) with tirofiban (group I: 60 patients, (61.2 ± 9.5) years), and dalteparin with tirofiban (group II: 60 patients, (60.5 ± 10.1) years). Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) during hospitalization and at 4 years after PCI were examined. Bleeding complications during hospitalization were also examined. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in sex, mean age, risk factors, past history, inflammatory marker, or echocardiography between the 2 groups. In terms of the target vessel and vascular complexity, there were no significant differences between the 2 groups. During the first 7 days, emergent revascularization occurred only in 1 patient (1.7%) in group I. Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurred in 1 (1.7%) patient in group I and in 1 (1.7%) in group II. Three (5.0%) patients in group I and 1 (1.7%) in group II died. Total in-hospital MACE during the first 7 days was 4 (6.7%) in group I and 2 (3.3%) in group II. Bleeding complications were observed in 10 patients (16.7%) in group I and in 4 patients (6.7%) in group II, however, the difference was not statistically significant. No significant intracranial bleeding was observed in either group. Four years after PCI, death occurred in 5 (8.3%) patients in group I and in 4 (6.7%) in group II. MACE occurred in 12 (20.0%) patients in group I and in 10 (16.7%) patients in group II. CONCLUSIONS: Dalteparin was effective and safe in primary PCI of STEMI patients and combined dalteparin with tirofiban was effective and safe without significant bleeding complications compared with UFH. Although there was no statistically significant difference, LMWH decreased the bleeding complications compared with UFH.

Postconditioning attenuates myocardial injury by reducing nitro-oxidative stress in vivo in rats and in humans.

In the present study, we hypothesized that postcon (postconditioning) confers cardioprotection in vivo by reducing the production of ONOO- (peroxynitrite) and nitro-oxidative stress subsequent to the inhibition of the iNOS (inducible NO synthase). Patients with AMI (acute myocardial infarct) were randomly assigned to undergo percutaneous coronary intervention without (control) or with ischaemic postcon by three episodes of 30-s inflation and 30-s deflation of the angioplasty balloon. Animal models of MI/R (myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion) injury were induced in rats by occluding the left coronary artery for 40 min followed by 4-h reperfusion. Rats were randomized to receive vehicle, postcon (three cycles of 10-s reperfusion and 10-s coronary re-occlusion preceding full reperfusion), the selective iNOS inhibitor 1400W or postcon plus 3-morpholinosydnonimine (an ONOO- donor). Postcon in patients reduced iNOS activity in white blood cells, decreased plasma nitrotyrosine, a fingerprint of ONOO- and an index of nitro-oxidative stress, and improved cardiac function (P<0.01 compared with control). In rats, postcon reduced post-ischaemic myocardial iNOS activity and nitrotyrosine formation, reduced myocardial infarct size (all P<0.05 compared with control) and improved cardiac function. Administration of 1400W resembled, whereas 3-morpholinosydnonimine abolished, the effects of postcon. In conclusion, reduction in ONOO--induced nitro-oxidative stress subsequent to the inhibition of iNOS represents a major mechanism whereby postcon confers cardioprotection in vivo.

[Efficacy comparison of primary percutaneous coronary intervention with biodegradable polymer- and durable polymer-based sirolimus-eluting stents for patients with acute myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: This prospective random control study was performed to compare the efficacy and safety of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with biodegradable polymer (Excel) and with durable polymer (Cypher Select) sirolimus-eluting stents in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: Consecutive patients with STEMI underwent primary PCI were randomly divided into Cypher group (n = 113) and Excel group (n = 115). The primary endpoints were major adverse cardiac events (MACE, including death, reinfarction and target vessel revascularization) within 12 months. The second endpoints included late luminal loss and restenosis at 9 months. RESULTS: Angiographic follow-up data at 9 months were available in 43 (38%) patients in Cypher group and 48 (42%) in Excel group. The rates of in-stent restenosis and in-segment restenosis were 2.3% vs. 2.1% (P = 0.937) and 4.7% vs. 6.3% (P = 0.738), respectively. The late luminal loss of in-stent and in-segment were (0.17 ± 0.26) mm vs. (0.18 ± 0.33) mm (P = 0.483) and (0.19 ± 0.36) mm vs. (0.20 ± 0.42) mm (P = 0.419), respectively. There were no significant differences in death (3.5% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.692), reinfarction (1.8% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.658), target vessel revascularization (1.8% vs. 2.6%, P = 0.658), MACE (5.3% vs. 6.1%, P = 0.788) or stent thrombosis (4.4% vs. 3.5%, P = 0.692) at 12 months between Cyper group and Excel group. CONCLUSIONS: Excel and Cypher Select stents may have similar mid-term efficacy and safety in patients with STEMI treated with primary PCI.Further investigation is warranted to validate the long-term efficacy and safety.

[Association between post primary percutaneous coronary intervention myocardium reperfusion and prognosis in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To explore the prognostic impact of post primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) reperfusion status on outcome in patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: A retrospective analysis was performed in 964 patients undergoing primary PCI for STEMI. Electrocardiogram and TIMI myocardial perfusion grade (TMPG) were analyzed by reader blinded to the clinical course. Patients were divided to four groups according to ST segment resolution (STR) and TMPG: group A were patients with good STR and TMPG(425/964), group B were patients with poor STR and good TMPG (239/964), group C were patients with good STR and poor TMPG (113/964) and group D were patients with poor STR and TMPG (113/964). RESULTS: Although TIMI grade III flow was achieved after mechanical reperfusion, abnormal reperfusion was still present in about 1/3 patients as shown by poor STR or TMPG. Older age, cardiac dysfunction and diabetes, prolonged time of pain to balloon/emergency room are independent risk factors for abnormal reperfusion post PCI. Major adverse cardiac events events in hospital (RR = 64. 63, P < 0.01) and during follow up (RR = 11.69, P < 0.01) were significantly higher in group D than in group A. CONCLUSION: Poor post PCI reperfusion status is associated with higher in hospital and during follow up major adverse cardiac events event in STEMI patients.

Comparison of glucose-insulin-potassium and insulin-glucose as adjunctive therapy in acute myocardial infarction: a contemporary meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.

BACKGROUND: There is conflicting evidence regarding two different insulin regimens for acute myocardial infarction (AMI), one focusing on delivering insulin ('insulin focus', glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK)) and one focusing on tight glycaemic control ('glycaemia focus', insulin-glucose). A longstanding controversy has focused on which strategy provides the greatest reduction in mortality. The aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing GIK or insulin-glucose therapy versus standard therapy for AMI in the reperfusion era. METHODS: A MEDLINE/EMBASE/CENTRAL search was conducted of RCTs evaluating GIK or insulin-glucose as adjunctive therapy for AMI. The primary endpoint was all-cause mortality. The data were analysed with a random effect model. RESULTS: A total of 11 studies (including 23 864 patients) were identified, eight evaluating insulin focus with GIK and three evaluating glycaemia focus with insulin-glucose. Overall, insulin focus with GIK was not associated with a statistically significant effect on mortality (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.89 to 1.29, p=0.487). Before the use of reperfusion, GIK also had no clear impact on mortality (RR 0.92, 95% CI 0.70 to 1.20, p=0.522). Pooled data from the three studies evaluating glycaemia focus showed that insulin-glucose did not reduce mortality in the absence of glycaemia control in patients with AMI with diabetes (RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.36, p=0.547). CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence suggests that GIK with insulin does not reduce mortality in patients with AMI. However, studies of glycaemia are inconclusive and it remains possible that glycaemic control is beneficial.

[The clinical characteristics and prognosis of acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of reperfusion therapy on the prognosis of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) complicated by cardiogenic shock (CS) in reperfusion era. METHODS: 89 cases of AMI with CS were included with 57 male and 32 female. 50 cases received conservative therapy and 39 cases reperfusion therapy. 28 of the 39 cases had successful reperfusion and 11 cases failed. 18 patients had intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) within 1 hour of CS, they constituted an early group; 35 patients treated with IABP 1 hour after CS were of a late group. A group of 36 cases were not treated with IABP (no IABP group). RESULTS: The mortality of the early group with IABP was significantly lower than that of the late and no IABP group (33.3% vs. 74.2% vs. 86.1%, P < 0.01). The mortality of the group with successful reperfusion was significantly lower than that of unsuccessful reperfusion and conservative no IABP group (42.8% vs. 81.8% vs. 84.0% , P < 0.01). logistic regression analysis showed that successful reperfusion therapy (OR 4.232, 95% CI 1. 07 - 12.730, P = 0.01) and THE TIME of using IABP (OR 0.22, 95% CI 0.063 - 0.764, P =0.017) were independent risk factors for death. CONCLUSION: Early successful reperfusion and early institution of IABP were the most important therapeutic measures for reducing mortality of AMI complicated by CS.

Gender differences in efficacy of primary percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

BACKGROUND: The clinical outcome of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is poorer in women than that in men. This study aimed at comparing the impact of gender difference on the strategy of primary PCI in patients with acute ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). METHODS: Two hundred and fifty-nine patients with STEMI who underwent primary PCI within 12 hours of symptom onset were enrolled. The male group consisted of 143 men aged > 55 years, and a female group included 116 women without age limitation. Procedural success was defined as residual stenosis < 20% with thrombolysis in myocardial infarction flow grade > 2 and without death, emergency bypass surgery or disabling cerebral events during the hospitalization. The rate of major adverse cardiac events (MACE), including death, nonfatal myocardial infarction and target vessel revascularization during follow-up, was recorded. RESULTS: Female patients were more hypertensive and diabetic and with fewer cigarette smokers than male counterparts. The prevalence of angiographic 3-vessel disease was higher in the female group, but the procedural success rate was comparable between the two groups (94.4% vs 92.2%). The occurrence rate of MACE did not differ during the hospitalization (4.2% vs 6.0%, P = 0.50), but was significantly higher in the female group during follow-up (mean (16.0 +/- 11.2) months) than that in the male group (5.4% vs 0.7%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSION: Despite a similar success rate of primary PCI and in-hospital outcomes in both genders, female patients with acute STEMI still have a worse prognosis during the long-term follow-up.

[Long-term efficacy of sirolimus-eluting stents (Cypher) versus bare metal stents for patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction].

OBJECTIVE: To observe the safety and long-term efficacy of Cypher stent versus bare metal stents (BMS) in patients with STEMI. METHODS: From Dec 2002 to Mar 2005, clinical and angiographic data of 407 consecutive patients with STEMI treated with Cypher stent (n = 131) or BMS (n = 276) were analyzed and followed up for a mean period of 28.7 +/- 11.7 months. Major adverse cardiac events (MACE): death, nonfatal reinfarction and target lesion revascularization (TLR) during follow up was compared between two groups. RESULTS: Compared with the BMS group, diameter of vessels were significantly smaller (3.0mm vs. 3.2mm, P = 0.00), the incidence of MACE (6.1% vs. 12.7%, P = 0.04) and total mortality (1.5% vs. 6.9%, P = 0.02) were significantly lower in the Cypher group. The relative risk for MACE in Cypher group was 0.61 (P < 0.05), while there was no significant difference in the rate of stent thrombosis, rate of target lesion revascularization and restenosis. CONCLUSION: Utilization of Cypher in the setting of primary PCI for STEMI was safe and improved the long-term clinical outcomes compared to BMS.