Consequences of unintended pregnancy on mother and fetus and newborn in North-East of Iran.

Introduction: Unintended pregnancy is one of the most important public health problems. The complications of unintended pregnancy can lead to mortality and irreversible health damages in the whole world and may involve the mother, fetus, and neonate. This study aims to determine the most important complications of unintended pregnancy for mother, her fetus, and neonate.Materials and methods: This retrospective cohort study was conducted to assess the effects of unintended pregnancy on pregnant women in Bojnourd County, North Khorasan Province, Iran. In total 748 pregnant mothers were selected, including 374 mothers as exposed group (unintended pregnancy) and 374 as unexposed group (planned pregnancy). The data were collected using a researcher-made checklist and the mothers were interviewed by phone to complete the data.Results: The relationship between unintended pregnancy with maternal complications of maternal age (R2adj = 1.03) (p = .044), education level (R2adj = 2.01) (p < .001), mother's job (R2adj = 0.88) (p = .025), father's job (R2adj = 0.86) (p = .018), number of prenatal cares (R2adj = 0.80) (p < .001), private specialist visit (R2adj = 0.28) (p = .001), use of certain drugs (R2adj = 2.58) (p = .001), gestational weight gain (R2adj = 1.79) (p = .01), vaginal bleeding (R2adj = 3.81) (p = .004), breastfeeding start 3-h postpartum (R2adj =19.06) (p < .001), gestational diabetes (R2adj = 12.94) (p < .001), and urinary tract infection (R2adj = 7.48) (p < .001) was significant after adjusting for confounding factors in the logistic regression model. There was a significant relationship between unintended pregnancy with neonatal variables such as deviation of 6- to 12-month neonate from height growth (R2adj = 4.78) (p = .016) and from weight growth (R2adj = 2.01) (p = .011), as well as the presence of another infant under 2 years in the family (R2adj = 4.28) (p = .014).Conclusion: It is concluded that unwanted pregnancy seems to have substantial negative consequences for women during their pregnancy and also her children. It is suggested health policy makes in Iran consider this important issue in national reproductive health and family program to reduce healthcare burden.

Combined effect of whole-body vibration and ambient lighting on human discomfort, heart rate, and reaction time.

PURPOSE: This study aimed to investigate the effect of whole-body vibration and ambient lighting, as well as their combined effect on human discomfort, heart rate, and reaction time in laboratory conditions. METHODS: 44 men were recruited with an average age of 25.4 ± 1.9 years. Each participant was subjected to 12 experimental steps, each step lasting five minutes for four different vibration accelerations in X, Y, and Z axes at a fixed frequency; three different lighting intensities of 50, 500, and 1000 lx were also considered. At each step, a visual computerized reaction test was taken from subjects and their heart rate recorded by pulse oximeter. In addition, the discomfort rate of subjects was measured using Borg scale. RESULTS: Increasing vibration acceleration significantly increased the discomfort rate and heart beat but not the reaction time. Lack of lighting caused more discomfort in the subjects, but there was no significant correlation between lighting intensity with heart rate and reaction time. The results also showed that the combined effect of vibration and lighting had no significant effect on any of the discomfort, heart rate, and reaction time variables. CONCLUSIONS: Whole-body vibration is an important factor in the development of human subjective and physiological reactions compared to lighting. Therefore, consideration of the level of vibration to which an individual is exposed in workplaces subject to vibration plays an important role in reducing the level of human discomfort, but its interaction with ambient lighting does not have a significant effect on human subjective and physiological responses.