A Blind Watermarking Model of the 3D Object and the Polygonal Mesh Objects for Securing Copyright.

In this paper, we propose a novel model for 3D object watermarking. The proposed method is based on the properties of the discrete cosine transform (DCT) of the 3D object vertices to embed a secret grayscale image three times. The watermarking process takes place by using the vertices coefficients and the encrypted image pixels. Moreover, the extraction process is totally blind based on the reverse steps of the embedding process to recover the secret grayscale image. Various performance aspects of the method are measured and compared between the original 3D object and the watermarked one using Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, cosine distance, and correlation distance. The obtained results show that the proposed model provides better performances in terms of execution time and invisibility.

Rapid and Blind Watermarking Approach of the 3D Objects Using QR Code Images for Securing Copyright.

Watermarking techniques in a wide range of digital media was utilized as a host cover to hide or embed a piece of information message in such a way that it is invisible to a human observer. This study aims to develop an enhanced rapid and blind method for producing a watermarked 3D object using QR code images with high imperceptibility and transparency. The proposed method is based on the spatial domain, and it starts with converting the 3D object triangles from the three-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system to the two-dimensional coordinates domain using the corresponding transformation matrix. Then, it applies a direct modification on the third vertex point of each triangle. Each triangle's coordinates in the 3D object can be used to embed one pixel from the QR code image. In the extraction process, the QR code pixels can be successfully extracted without the need for the original image. The imperceptibly and the transparency performances of the proposed watermarking algorithm were evaluated using Euclidean distance, Manhattan distance, cosine distance, and the correlation distance values. The proposed method was tested under various filtering attacks, such as rotation, scaling, and translation. The proposed watermarking method improved the robustness and visibility of extracting the QR code image. The results reveal that the proposed watermarking method yields watermarked 3D objects with excellent execution time, imperceptibility, and robustness to common filtering attacks.

Anal cancer survival: a socioeconomic analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common variant of anal malignancy. Certain disease-related factors have been established in determining survival. These include tumour size, differentiation and nodal involvement. Other factors such as HIV status, human papillomavirus infection, smoking and socioeconomic disparity may have important roles, however few data are available on the UK population. We aim to correlate social deprivation and survival of anal cancer patients at a tertiary centre. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutive cases diagnosed with anal squamous cell carcinoma and treated as per local protocol between July 2010 and April 2017 were included. The pathological and demographical details were collected from a prospectively maintained database. Socioeconomic deprivation was defined for each postcode using the Index of Multiple Deprivation decile compiled by local governments in England. Survival was estimated using Kaplan-Meier analysis and Cox regression was used to investigate the effect of different factors on overall survival. RESULTS: A total of 129 patients with anal squamous cell carcinoma over a median follow-up of 43 months were included. Overall survival for the entire patient cohort was 87.7% (95% confidence interval, CI, 82.0-93.7%), 75.5% (95% CI 67.5-84.5%) and 68.9% (95% CI 59.7-79.6%) at one year, three years and five years, respectively. On multivariate analysis, Index of Multiple Deprivation and income do not significantly influence overall survival (p = 0.79, hazard ratio, HR, 1.07; 95% CI 0.61-1.63), (p = 0.99, HR=1.00; 95% CI 0.61-1.63), respectively. Increased risk of death was observed for male sex (p = 0.02, HR=2.80; 95% CI 1.02-5.50) and larger tumour size (p = 0.01, HR=1.64; 95% CI 1.12-2.41). CONCLUSION: In contrast to US studies, there is little difference in survival between the least deprived and most deprived groups. We attribute this to equal access to intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based chemoradiotherapy. Thus, a highly effective treatment made available to all mitigates any survival difference between socioeconomic groups.

Toxicity and survival of anal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy.

INTRODUCTION: The definitive treatment of anal cancer with chemoradiotherapy spares abdominoperineal resection for salvage treatment but carries a high burden of toxicity. Intensity-modulated radiation therapy has been implemented to reduce toxicity, reduce treatment breaks and improve survival. However, large and long-term studies are lacking. We aimed to investigate the toxicities and long-term survival of anal cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy at James Cook University Hospital, Middlesbrough. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We conducted a retrospective analysis of all patients with squamous cell anal cancer treated at James Cook University Hospital between July 2010 and April 2017. All patients were uniformly treated with intensity-modulated radiation therapy-based chemoradiation with curative intent. A subset of these patients was followed-up prospectively by an oncologist for acute and late toxicity. We calculated Kaplan-Meier estimates of survival statistics and compared our results with those of previous trials which used conventional radiotherapy. RESULTS: We studied 132 patients, including a toxicity subset of 64, for a median follow-up time of 43 months (range 3-84 months). Eleven patients (8.3%) underwent salvage abdominoperineal resection. Grade 3+ acute non-haematological, gastrointestinal, genitourinary and dermatological toxicity were found in 56.2%, 12.3%, 0% and 50.7% of the toxicity subset (n = 64). Median treatment duration was 37 days. Overall and colostomy-free survival at five years were 68.3% and 85.3%, respectively. Tumour size (P = 0.006) and age (P = 0.002) predicted shorter overall survival. CONCLUSIONS: Intensity-modulated radiation therapy probably reduces acute gastrointestinal and genitourinary toxicity compared with conventional radiotherapy, while resulting in similar overall and colostomy-free survival. We suggest that further dose escalation may improve survival in patients with T3/T4 tumours.

Weak forms of continuity in I-double gradation fuzzy topological spaces.

In this paper, we introduce and characterize double fuzzy weakly preopen and double fuzzy weakly preclosed functions between I-double gradation fuzzy topological spaces and also study these functions in relation to some other types of already known functions.

Prenatal and perinatal acrylamide disrupts the development of cerebellum in rat: Biochemical and morphological studies.

Acrylamide is known to cause neurotoxicity in the experimental animals and humans. The literature on its neurotoxic effect in the adult animals is huge, but the effect of acrylamide on the embryonic and postnatal development is relatively less understood. The present study examined its effects on the development of external features and cerebellum in albino rats. Acrylamide was orally administered to non-anesthetized pregnant females by gastric intubation 10 mg/kg/day. The animals were divided into three groups as follows. (1) Group A, newborn from control animals; (2) Group B; newborns from mothers treated with acrylamide from day 7 (D7) of gestation till birth (prenatal intoxicated group); (3) Group C; newborns from mothers treated with acrylamide from D7 of gestation till D28 after birth (perinatally intoxicated group). Acrylamide administered either prenatally or perinatally has been shown to induce significant retardation in the newborns' body weights development, increase of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) and oxidative stress (significant reductions in glutathione reduced [GSH], total thiols, superoxide dismutase [SOD] and peroxidase activities) in the developing cerebellum. Acrylamide treatment delayed the proliferation in the granular layer and delayed both cell migration and differentiation. Purkinje cell loss was also seen in acrylamide-treated animals. Ultrastructural studies of Purkinje cells in the perinatal group showed microvacuolations and cell loss. The results of this study show that prenatal and perinatal acrylamide or its metabolites disrupts the biochemical machinery, cause oxidative stress and induce structural changes in the developing rat cerebellum.

Antithyroid antibodies and thyroid dysfunction in Saudi children with Down syndrome.

Fifty children (ages seven months to nine years) with Down syndrome compared with age and sex matched controls were tested for antithyroid antibodies. Seven (14%) of the Down group were found to b seropositive; six (12%) for antimicrosomal antibodies; three for both antimicrosomal and antithyroglobulin; none was positive for antithyroglobulin alone. All the control group were seronegative and had no clinical evidence of thyroid disease. Three (6%) of the Down group had hypothyroidism, two due to autoimmune thyroiditis and one had disease. Thyroid dysfunction was not previously suspected in the two symptomatic children. In view of our findings, recommendations are made to regularly screen these children for autoantibdies and evidence of thyroid dysfuntion.