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[This retracts the article DOI: 10.4103/0019-5413.164043.].
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: There are very few analysis tools to examine seminal fluid specimens, so bacterial infections on male infertility has always been the subject of discussion. These infectious processes lead to deterioration of spermatogenesis, impairment of sperm function, and/or obstruction of the seminal tract. In this study, we aimed at determining the role of bacterial infection on semen parameters including motility, count and normal morphology in infertile male patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this cohort study, 150 infertile males having abnormal semen parameters (study group) and 150 healthy fertile males (control group) were included. A total of 300 semen samples were collected after 3 to 5 days of sexual abstinence. Volume, pH, concentration, normal morphology, and motility were evaluated. Samples were seeded using a calibrated loop on agar and EMB plates, which were incubated overnight. The microorganisms were identified by Gram staining technique, catalase and coagulase tests. RESULTS: The prevalence of seminal infection among infertile males in Qom was 21%. Among these infected samples 61.9%, 14.28%, 14.28% and 9.25% were contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, Streptococcus and Escherichia coli, respectively. All the identified bacteria except Streptococcus caused a significant decrease in sperm concentration. Sperm motility was significantly lower in E. coli contaminated samples than in the control group, and the presence of E. coli and S. aureus led to a decline in normal morphology of the sperms. CONCLUSION: Sperm bacterial contamination is quite frequent and could contribute to the deterioration of the sperm quality of infertile males.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most cellular source used for cartilage tissue engineering are mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). In present study, human MSCs were used as cellular source. Since scaffold plays an important role in tissue engineering the aim of this study is to assess fibrin scaffold ability in chondrogenic differentiation of adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADMSCs). METHODS: ADMSCs were isolated and cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% FBS. Also ADMSCs expanded and characterised by flow cytometry. ADMSCs expressed CD44, CD90, CD105 but not CD34. After trypsinization, cells were entered within the fibrin scaffold. Then, chondrogenic medium was added to the scaffold. Seven days after cell culture, cell viability and proliferation were assessed by MTT test. Finally, 14 days after the ending of chondrogenic differentiation, analysis of chondrogenic genes expression was evaluated by RT-PCR and Real time PCR. Also, formation and development of chondrocyte cells was analysed by histological and immunohistochemistry evaluations. RESULTS: Viability and proliferation as well as chondrogenic genes expression within fibrin scaffold increased significantly compared with control group (cells free scaffold). Also, histological and immunohistochemistry evaluation showed that chondrocyte cells and collagen type II are formed on fibrin scaffold. CONCLUSIONS: Fibrin is a suitable scaffold for chondrogenic differentiation of ADMSCs.
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BACKGROUND: Although progenitor cells have been observed in articular cartilage, this part has a limited ability to repair due to a lack of blood supply. Formerly, tissue engineering was mainly based on collecting chondrocytes from the joint surface, culturing them on resorbable scaffolds such as poly D, L-lactic glycolic acid (PLGA) and then autologous transplantation. In recent times, due to difficulties in collecting chondrocytes, most of the researchers are focused on stem cells for producing these cells. Among the important factors in this approach, is using appropriate scaffolds with good mechanical and biological properties to provide optimal environment for growth and development of stem cells. In this study, we evaluated the potential of fibrin glue, PLGA and alginate scaffolds in providing a suitable environment for growth and chondrogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) in the presence of transforming growth factor-ß3. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fibrin glue, PLGA and alginate scaffolds were prepared and MSCs were isolated from human adipose tissue. Cells were cultured separately on the scaffolds and 2 weeks after differentiation, chondrogenic genes, cell proliferation ability and morphology in each scaffold were evaluated using real time-polymerase chain reaction, MTT chondrogenic assay and histological examination, respectively. RESULTS: Proliferation of differentiated adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells (AD-MSCs) to chondrogenic cells in Fibrin glue were significantly higher than in other scaffolds. Also, Fibrin glue caused the highest expression of chondrogenic genes compared to the other scaffolds. Histological examination revealed that the pores of the Fibrin glue scaffolds were filled with cells uniformly distributed. CONCLUSION: According to the results of the study, it can be concluded that natural scaffolds such as fibrin can be used as an appropriate environment for cartilage differentiation.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common disorder which happens when the balance of bacterial flora in vagina is disrupted by a shift in concentration of lactobacillus and pathogenic bacteria.It has significant sequelae including increased rates of late miscarriage when diagnosed in early pregnancy, premature rupture of the membranes, endometritis, preterm labour and delivery and tubal factor infertility. So it seems to be necessary to evaluate the prevalence of BV among women with primary infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS: All specimens were collected during vagina examination by use of a speculum and swabbing. A sampling swab was introduced into vaginal canal and rotated for at least 8 seconds before withdrawal. The vaginal swabs were examined in standard microbiological analysis including of microscopy, culture and sensitivity examination. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Totally identified Gram positive bacteria were significantly higher in number than the Gram negative bacteria. We found that the prevalence of bacterial vaginosis as 70.34% among infertile women of Qom city. Staphylococcus aureus was the most prevalent vaginal pathogen (57.33%) followed by E. coli (25.33%). S. aureus showed maximum sensitivity to penicillin and gentamicin. It means that fortunately in Qom, this bacterium has not acquired resistance against penicillin yet. So, all physicians must have a high index of suspicion and use readily available screening methods to recognize and treat the patients with infectious vaginitis adequately.
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Contamination of cell lines and biological products is one of the major problems of cell culture techniques. Rapid detection of mycoplasma contamination in cell culture is an important part of quality control standards in related laboratories. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of PCR in detection of myroplasma as contaminants in cell cultures and other biological products. METHOD: PCR assays were optimized for 16 S rRNA target gene. Also the utilized PCR method was evaluated in terms of sensitivity and specificity. Finally, a simple DNA extraction and PCR analysis of 164 cell culture of adipose tissue derived mesenchymal stem cells were performed. RESULTS: A 715 bp product was amplified and subsequently was confirmed by sequencing. The technique could detect 10 copies of the target DNA. No cross-reactivity with genomic DNA of other microorganisms was observed. CONCLUSIONS: The PCR technique in this study was based on 16S rRNA gene. It was highly sensitive and specific since it was able to detected Mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures.