Detection of Listeria spp. in cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms / Detecção de Listeria spp. em gados leiteiros no meio ambiente com base na pastagem

The aim of the study was to detect Listeria spp., particularly Listeria monocytogenes, in cattle and environment of pasture based dairy farms in Paysandú, Uruguay. A two-stage sampling was conducted, 10 farms were selected by probability proportional to size. A single visit was made to each farm. Samples from bovine faeces, feedstuffs, bulk tank milk, drinking water and soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour were collected for bacteriological studies. PCR assays were used to confirm species and determine the serotype profile of L. monocytogenes isolates. AscI-pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was done to genetically compare them. Listeria spp. were isolated from eight of ten dairy farms, whereas L. monocytogenes in three of them. Serotype distribution in L. monocytogenes was as follows: 1/2a, three isolates; 4b, one isolate. L. monocytogenes or L. innocua excreted from clinically healthy milking cows was detected via faeces. In feedstuffs, only one L. monocytogenes 1/2a isolate from a pasture was obtained. The strain was identical by PFGE to an isolate 1/2a obtained from a pool of milking cow feces that grazed on this farm. No isolation of Listeria spp. was retrieved from the bulk tank milk or drinking water from any of the farms. Listeria innocua was detected in 13 feedstuffs and seven samples of soil from the entry and exit pens of the milking parlour. This is a first local study that confirms the presence of Listeria spp. including L. monocytogenes in healthy cattle and environment of pasture-based dairy farms. These results suggest the potential role that healthy cattle and their sub-products would play as a source of these agents for humans and/or others animals. More detailed studies that include genetic comparison of human and animal isolates are required in order to clearly establish the epidemiological relationship.(AU)

O objetivo deste trabalho foi detectar a presença de bactérias do gênero Listeria e particularmente Listeria monocytogenes, em bovinos leiteiros no ambiente de Paysandú, Uruguai. Foi realizada uma amostragem em duas etapas, dez estabelecimentos foram selecionados por probabilidade proporcional ao tamanho. Foi realizada uma única visita a cada propriedade. Foram coletadas amostras para cultura bacteriológica de matéria fecal bovina, além de alimentos, leite do tanque de resfriamento, água e solo na entrada e saída da sala de ordenha. Com os isolados de L. monocytogenes foi realizado PCR para a confirmação da espécie e determinação do perfil do serotipo. AscI-elctroforese em gel de campo pulsado foi realizado para compará-los geneticamente. Listeria spp. foram isoladas de oito de dez estabelecimentos, enquanto L. monocytogenes foram detectadas em três deles. A distribuição dos serotipos nos isolados de L. monocytogenes recuperados foi: 1/2a três isolados, 4b um isolado. Foram detectadas vacas leiteras clinicamente sadias ​​que excretaram L. monocytogenes ou L. innocua nas fezes. Dos alimentos do gado houve só um isolamento de L. monocytogenes 1/2a em uma pastagem. Esta estirpe foi idêntica no PFGE a um isolado 1/2a obtido de uma "piscina" de fezes de vacas leiteiras do mesmo estabelecimento. Não houve isolamento de Listeria no leite do tanque de resfriamento ou na água de nenhum dos estabelecimentos. Listeria innocua foi detectada em 13 alimentos para o gado e sete amostras de solo na entrada e saída da sala de ordenha. Este parece ser o primeiro estudo local que confirma a presença de Listeria spp. incluindo L. monocytogenes em vacas leiteiras sadias e no meio ambiente de propriedades leiteiras com base alimentícia na pastagem. Esses resultados sugerem o potencial de vacas sadias e seus subprodutos como possível fonte desses agentes para humanos e/ou outros animais. São necessários estudos mais detalhados que incluem a comparação genética de isolados humanos e de animais para estabelecer claramente seu relacionamento epidemiológico.(AU)

Seroepidemiology of neosporosis in dairy cattle in Uruguay.

A seroepidemiological survey of Neospora caninum was done in a dairy farm in Uruguay employing indirect fluorescent antibody test (IFAT). Sera from 217 cattle (155 cows, 31 heifers and 31 calves) were tested for N. caninum antibodies in July 2000 and it was found that abortions were significantly associated with the seropositivity of the cows by chi(2)-test (P = 0.025). The cows with an IFAT titre of 1:3200 were at a significantly higher risk of abortion than seronegative cows (P = 0.0013). Neospora organisms were detected in the brains of two aborted foetuses by immunohistochemical examination. The infection of N. caninum was considered postnatal because of the even distribution of seropositive cows (60%), low seroprevalence (20%) in calves and no significant correlation in the serostatus between calves and their dams (P = 0.43). A fitted binomial generalised linear model revealed that there was an increasing risk of abortion with increasing IFAT titre and increasing age between 2 and 6 years.