Costos hospitalarios directos de la neumonía asociada al ventilador / Hospital direct costs of ventilator-associated pneumonia

Objetivo: el objetivo del estudio fue determinar los costos directos de tratar a los pacientes mecánicamente ventilados que desarrollan un episodio de neumonía asociada al ventilador desde la perspectiva del hospital. Diseño: entre junio 1° de 2011 y junio 1° de 2012, 90 pacientes en ventilación mecánica por más de 48 horas en tres unidades de cuidados intensivos medicoquirúrgicas fueron evaluados para la presencia de neumonía asociada al ventilador. Se determinaron los costos de estancia en la unidad, antibióticos, estudios imagenológicos y microbiológicos. Se determinó el costo total en ventilación mecánica con neumonía asociada al ventilador y sin neumonía. Se estableció el costo incremental de un episodio de neumonía. Los costos se tasaron en pesos colombianos del año 2011 y se convirtieron a dólares 2012. Resultados: 90 pacientes, 33 pacientes tuvieron neumonía asociada al ventilador. El costo promedio por paciente en ventilación mecánica fue 7950 dólares. El costo promedio por paciente en ventilación mecánica con neumonía asociada al ventilador fue 21 217 dólares. El costo incremental fue 14 328 dólares (p<0.001). La fuente de los costos fue 69% en estancia, 21% en el tratamiento antibiótico, 6% en estudios de laboratorio e imagenológicos, y 1% en estudios microbiológicos. En el análisis multivariado por regresión lineal múltiple la presencia de neumonía asociada al ventilador se asoció significativamente con los costos totales (p=0.0001). Conclusiones: la neumonía asociada al ventilador incrementó los costos totales. Los pacientes conneumonía asociada al ventilador tuvieron un costo adicional de 14 328 dólares.

Objective: the aim of the study was to determine the direct costs of treating mechanically ventilated patients who develop an episode of ventilator-associated pneumonia from the hospital perspective. Design: between June 1, 2011 and June 1, 2012, 90 patients on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours in 3 medical-surgical units of intensive care were evaluated for the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Costs of unit stay, antibiotics, imaging and microbiological studies were determined. The total cost of mechanical ventilation with ventilator-associated pneumonia and without pneumonia was determined. The incremental cost of an episode of pneumonia was established. Costs were calculated according to the value of Colombian pesos in 2011 and converted to dollars valued in 2012. Results: from a total of 90 patients, 33 had ventilator-associated pneumonia. The average cost per patient on mechanical ventilation was $ 7950. The average cost per patient on mechanical ventilation with ventilator-associated pneumonia was $ 21 217. The incremental cost was $ 14 328 (p < 0.001). The source of the costs was 69% in hospital stay, 21% in antibiotic treatment, 6% in laboratory studies and imaging, and 1% in microbiological studies. In the multivariate analysis by multiple linear regression, the presence of ventilator-associated pneumonia was significantly associated with the total costs (p = 0.0001). Conclusions: ventilator-associated pneumonia increased total costs. Patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia had an additional cost of $ 14 328.

Pilot study evaluating the safety of a combined central venous catheter and inferior vena cava filter in critically ill patients at high risk of pulmonary embolism.

The objectives of this pilot trial were to assess the safety of a new device for pulmonary embolism (PE) prophylaxis. The device, the Angel Catheter, was placed in eight patients who were in the intensive care unit and were at high risk of PE. The device was inserted at the bedside without fluoroscopic guidance via a femoral venous approach. All eight devices were inserted and subsequently retrieved without complications (follow-up, 33-36 d). One filter trapped a large clot.

Ventilator associated pneumonia and transfusion, is there really an association? (the NAVTRA study).

BACKGROUND: Anemic syndrome is a frequent problem in intensive care units. The most probable etiology is the suppression of the erythropoietin response due to the direct effects of cytokines, as well as frequent blood sampling. Transfusions are not free of complications, therefore transfusion reactions are estimated to occur in 2% of the total packed red blood cells (pRBCs) transfused. In the past several years, several trials had tried to compare the restrictive with the more liberal use of transfusions, and they were found to be equally effective. Nosocomial pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection in intensive care units; the prevalence is 47% with an attributive mortality of 33%. There are multiple risk factors for the development of nosocomial pneumonia. Colonization of the upper airways is the most important pathophysiological factor but there are other factors implicated like, sedation techniques, inappropriate use of antibiotics and recumbent positioning.A secondary analysis of the CRIT study describes transfusion therapy and its practices in the United States. They found that transfusion practice is an independent risk factor for the development of nosocomial pneumonia. METHODS: This is a multicenter, prospective cohort study in different intensive care units in Colombia. A total of 474 patients were selected who had more than 48 hours of mechanical ventilation. The primary objective is to try to demonstrate the hypothetical relationship between the use of transfusions and nosocomial pneumonia.Secondly, we will try to determine which other factors are implicated in the development of pneumonia in intensive care units and describe the incidence of pneumonia and transfusion practices. DISCUSSION: Ventilator associated pneumonia is a primary problem in the intensive care unit, multiple factors have been associated with its presence in this study we try to explore the possible association between pneumonia and transfusion, describe all other factors associated with this, and the possible association with other nosocomial infections.