RESUMEN
Through a mixed methodological approach, we want to know how adolescents aged between 14 and 16 years from the south of Spain express and identify themselves on social networks, with respect to their sex. As such differences can determine gender inequality, we will analyse differences between females and males regarding the expression of identity on social networks. Analysis of obtained results demonstrates that many relevant attributes still emerge such as the socio-cultural representation of gender as sex in social networks. Differences emerged between the identity expressions of females and males which can generate inequalities favouring females and males. This implies a series of repercussions and, ultimately, defines the so-called digital gender divide. Taking into account these results we could intervene in the population of children to carry out prevention activities focused on social networks.
RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The advance of the pandemic in the large cities of the world with great virulence and the apparent heterogeneous distribution by factors of vulnerability, led us to propose this work. The objective of this study was to relate COVID-19 infection rates to the social vulnerability of the city of Madrid by district, in two different episodes, spring 2020 and summer 2020. METHODS: Analytical cross-sectional study. Taking sociodemographic data of the entire population of the city of Madrid between the months of April and October 2020, together with the cumulative incidence rates of COVID-19, a linear regression analysis, correlation and factor analysis was carried out, relating the cumulative incidence rate of COVID-19 and the vulnerability indicator of the districts of the city of Madrid. RESULTS: The results showed important differences between the two episodes of the pandemic: on one hand, the first had more relationship with health factors, while in the second, a relationship appeared with the groups of greater social vulnerability, territorially located in the South-East of the City and related in this case to social factors rather than health. Thus we see that the TIA x 100,000 in the first episode in Chamberí and Usera -two extreme districts in vulnerability- were 896 and 843 cases respectively, while in the second they were 3,708 and 6,258 cases. CONCLUSIONS: The territorial differences in the city become evident with the arrival of a generalised, universal event such as COVID-19, where vulnerability increases for everyone, with greater repercussions in those territories where it already had an impact.
OBJETIVO: El avance de la pandemia en las grandes ciudades del mundo con gran virulencia y la aparente distribución heterogénea por factores de vulnerabilidad, nos llevaron a plantear este trabajo. El objetivo de este estudio fue relacionar las tasas de infección por COVID-19 con la vulnerabilidad social de la ciudad de Madrid por distritos, en dos episodios distintos, primavera del 2020 y verano del 2020. METODOS: Estudio transversal analítico.Tomando los datos sociodemográficos de la totalidad de la población de la ciudad de Madrid entre los meses de abril y octubre de 2020, junto a las tasas de incidencia acumulada de la COVID-19, se realizó un análisis de regresión lineal, correlación y análisis factorial, relacionando la tasa de incidencia acumulada de la COVID-19 y el indicador de vulnerabilidad de los distritos de la ciudad de Madrid. RESULTADOS: Los resultados mostraron diferencias importantes entre los dos episodios de la pandemia: por una parte, el primero tuvo más relación con factores de salud, mientras en el segundo apareció una relación con los colectivos de mayor vulnerabilidad social, territorialmente localizados en la zona Sur-Este de la Ciudad y relacionándose en este caso con factores sociales más que de salud. Así vemos que las TIA x 100.000 en el primer episodio en Chamberí y Usera -dos distritos extremos en vulnerabilidad- fueron de 896 y 843 casos respectivamente, mientras que en el segundo fueron de 3.708 y 6.258 casos. CONCLUSIONES: Las diferencias territoriales de la ciudad de Madrid se hacen patentes ante la llegada de un suceso generalizado y universal como la COVID-19, dónde la vulnerabilidad se acrecienta para todo el mundo, repercutiendo en mayor medida en aquellos territorios donde ya incidía.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Ciudades , Estudios Transversales , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
Even though gender equality being present in the social and political sphere, we still encounter aspects that are characteristic of sexism. Such aspects impact upon gender inequality and different types of violence towards women. The present article aims to examine the behaviour of adolescents from Huelva with regards to ambivalent sexism towards women on social networks and their influence on health. Furthermore, we seek to uncover adolescent's perceptions with regards to gender differences in the use of social networks, the relationship between sexism and women's emotional well-being was observed. The study sample was formed by young people aged between 14 and 16 years who were residing in rural and urban zones in the south of Spain. A mixed methods approach was taken. At a quantitative level, a sample of 400 young people was recruited. These were administered a questionnaire about sexism which was composed of two scales and has been validated at a national and international level. At a qualitative level, the study counted on 33 young people who participated in in-depth discussions via interviews and discussion groups. The results showed that sexism emerges in adolescence in the analysed sample from the south of Spain. This favoured a digital gender gap and was reinforced through social networks such as Instagram and Snapchat. Rising awareness and a critical view of the aforementioned sexism was shown on the behalf of females, particularly those from urban backgrounds.
