La aplicación del modelo de competencia cultural en la experiencia del cuidado en profesionales de Enfermería de Atención Primaria / Application of the cultural competence model in the experience of care in nursing professionals Primary Care

Objetivo: Conocer las experiencias y percepciones de los profesionales de enfermería en la prestación de cuidados y promoción de la salud, a mujeres pertenecientes a colectivos en riesgo de vulnerabilidad social, aplicando el modelo de competencia cultural de Purnell. Diseño: Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico. Emplazamiento: Departamento de Salud de Elda. Participantes: Veintidós profesionales voluntarios de Atención Primaria. Método: Entrevistas semiestructuradas y grupos focales con grabación y análisis de contenido, de acuerdo con la teoría del modelo de competencia cultural. Resultados: Los factores socioculturales influyen en la relación entre profesionales y usuarias del sistema. El racismo sutil y los prejuicios históricos crean situaciones incómodas y de desconfianza. La barrera idiomática dificulta no solo la comunicación, sino también el seguimiento y control del proceso salud-enfermedad. El aspecto físico y los estereotipos son condicionantes para los profesionales de Atención Primaria. Aunque se percibe que se hace un mal uso de los servicios sanitarios, se escuchan discursos con signo de cambios. Los aspectos espirituales relacionados con las creencias religiosas solo se tienen en cuenta en el caso de mujeres musulmanas, no siendo considerados como algo importante en el caso de mujeres gitanas o rumanas. Conclusiones: Para ofrecer cuidados de calidad, culturalmente congruentes y competentes, es preciso desarrollar programas de formación en competencia cultural para profesionales, con el fin de dar a conocer la cultura del otro, y trabajar sin ideas preconcebidas y etnocentristas; ya que cuanto mayor es el conocimiento del grupo cultural al que se atiende, mejor es la calidad de los cuidados prestados (AU)

Objective: To know the experiences and perceptions of nurses in providing care and health promotion, women belonging to groups at risk of social vulnerability, applying the model of cultural competence Purnell. Design: Phenomenological qualitative study. Location: Department of Health Elda. Participants: A total of 22 primary care professional volunteers. Method: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with recording and content analysis, according to the theory model of cultural competence. Results: Socio-cultural factors influence the relationship between professionals and users of the system. The subtle racism and historical prejudices create uncomfortable situations and mistrust. The language barrier makes it difficult not only communication, but also the monitoring and control of the health-disease process. The physical appearance and stereotypes are determining factors for primary care professionals. Although perceived misuse of health services are also talking about changes. The spiritual aspects of religious beliefs alone are taken into account in the case of Muslim women, not being considered as important in the case of Gypsy women and Romanian women. Conclusions: To provide quality care, consistent and culturally competent, it is necessary to develop training programs for professionals in cultural competence, to know the culture of other, and work without preconceived ideas, and ethnocentric; since the greater the knowledge of the cultural group being served, the better the quality of care provided (AU)

[Application of the cultural competence model in the experience of care in nursing professionals Primary Care]. / La aplicación del modelo de competencia cultural en la experiencia del cuidado en profesionales de Enfermería de Atención Primaria.

OBJECTIVE: To know the experiences and perceptions of nurses in providing care and health promotion, women belonging to groups at risk of social vulnerability, applying the model of cultural competence Purnell. DESIGN: Phenomenological qualitative study. LOCATION: Department of Health Elda. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 22 primary care professional volunteers. METHOD: Semi-structured interviews and focus groups with recording and content analysis, according to the theory model of cultural competence. RESULTS: Socio-cultural factors influence the relationship between professionals and users of the system. The subtle racism and historical prejudices create uncomfortable situations and mistrust. The language barrier makes it difficult not only communication, but also the monitoring and control of the health-disease process. The physical appearance and stereotypes are determining factors for primary care professionals. Although perceived misuse of health services are also talking about changes. The spiritual aspects of religious beliefs alone are taken into account in the case of Muslim women, not being considered as important in the case of Gypsy women and Romanian women. CONCLUSIONS: To provide quality care, consistent and culturally competent, it is necessary to develop training programs for professionals in cultural competence, to know the culture of other, and work without preconceived ideas, and ethnocentric; since the greater the knowledge of the cultural group being served, the better the quality of care provided.

Madre y mujer gitana. Joaquina la gitana de Joaquín Sorolla / Mãe e mulher cigana. Joaquina la gitana, Joaquin Sorolla / Mother and roma woman. Joaquina la gitana, Joaquin Sorolla

La iconografía tiene como objetivo la descripción de las imágenes. Nos permite conocer las imágenes en sus aspectos semánticos, ya que consiste en el conocimiento y análisis de las formas, y en el propósito de desvelar los mensajes que tras ellas se ocultan, siendo un elemento fundamental para el conocimiento de la cultura. Mediante el análisis de la obra de Joaquín Sorolla, Joaquina la gitana, pretendemos realizar una aproximación a la realidad de las mujeres gitanas dentro de su contexto social, siguiendo los tres niveles de significación de Erwin Panofsky. Encontramos así dos personalidades de la misma mujer. En la parte izquierda, se nos presenta a una mujer vestida de negro, una mujer arraigada a las tradiciones. Es la «mujer de respeto» que cumple con las normas del pueblo gitano. Y en otro estilo bien distinto, aparece reflejado el aspecto maternal de la gitana, retratada con mucha luz a pesar de ser una figura muy oscura, con su hijo en brazos al que parece estar dando el pecho. A través del análisis de esta obra, nos hemos acercado un poco más a la realidad de la mujer gitana, y comprender sus vivencias, dentro del entorno cultural del pueblo gitano (AU)

The iconography aims describing images. It allows us to understand the images on their semantic aspects, as is knowledge of the methods and analysis, and in order to unlock the messages hidden behind them, being a fundamental knowledge of the culture element. By analyzing the work of Joaquín Sorolla, Joaquina la gitana, we intend to make an approach to the reality of Roma women within their social context, following the three levels of significance of Erwin Panofsky. We thus find two personalities of the same woman. We are introduced to a woman dressed in black, one rooted in the traditions woman in the left hand. Is the «woman of respect» that meets the standards of the Roma people. And in another quite different style, is reflected the maternal aspect of the Roma, portrayed bright despite being a shadowy figure, with her child who appears to be breastfeeding. Through the analysis of this work, we have come a little closer to the reality of Roma women, and understand their experiences within the cultural environment of the Roma people (AU)

A iconografia tem como objetivo descrever as imagens. Ela nos permite compreender as imagens em seus aspectos semânticos, como é do conhecimento dos métodos e análise e, a fim de desbloquear as mensagens escondidas por trás deles, sendo um conhecimento fundamental do elemento de cultura. Ao analisar a obra de Joaquín Sorolla, Joaquina Gypsy, pretendemos fazer uma aborda gem à realidade das mulheres de etnia cigana dentro de seu contexto social, seguindo os três níveis de significância de Erwin Panofsky. Temos, assim, encontrar duas personalidades de uma mesma mulher. Somos apresentados a uma mulher vestida de preto, um enraizado em tradições a mulher na mão esquerda. É a «mulher de respeito» que atenda aos padrões do povo cigano. E em outro estilo bem diferente, reflete o aspecto maternal da Roma, retratado brilhante, apesar de ser uma figura sombria, com seu filho, que parece estar a amamentar. Através da análise deste trabalho, chegamos um pouco mais perto da realidade das mulheres ciganas, e compreender as suas experiências dentro do ambiente cultural do povo cigano (AU)