Harassment disparities and risk profile within lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender Spanish adult population: Comparisons by age, gender identity, sexual orientation, and perpetration context.

Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender (LGBT) harassment disparities have become a public health issue due to discrimination and the effects on these people's health and wellbeing. The purpose was to compare harassment disparities within the Spanish adult LGBT population according to age, gender identity, sexual orientation and the context of perpetration and to describe the harassment risk profile. A sample of 1,051 LGBT adults participated in a cross-sectional study. Frequencies, percentages and Chi-square tests of independence for stablishing significant differences (p < 0.05) were calculated. The corrected standardized residuals allowed to identify the categories in which significant differences emerged. Binomial logistic regression was used to define the probability of the main LGBT groups of suffering harassment. Results show that 54.4% of the participants had experienced harassment. Young adults presented a higher prevalence than the older group. There were significant harassment differences between transgender (67.2%) and cisgender (52.7%) groups, and also between the subgroup of trans women (75.8%) and the subgroups of cis men (60.2%) and cis women (42.9%). The main disparities according to sexual orientation emerged between lesbian trans and the other LGB groups. Most harassment occurred in educational contexts and public spaces. Trans-women and trans non-binary reported a higher rate of harassment than cis LGB persons in all contexts. Trans people with different orientations (especially lesbian and gay trans) differed in harassment from LGB cis in four of the six contexts analyzed. Harassment is likely to diminish between 2 and 3% each year as LGBTs get older in educational contexts and public spaces but increases 1.07 times in the workplace. Trans women, trans non-binary, lesbian cis and trans-men were more likely to suffer harassment than bisexual cis persons. Trans women present the highest risk of harassment in three contexts (workplace, family and public spaces) and trans non-binary in the other three contexts (education, health and sport). Harassment is a serious problem for LGBT adults in Spain, especially among trans people, which differ in characteristics from those of the sexual minorities mainstream. Programs and policies targeted for improving health should therefore consider the differences that came to light in this study.

Digital citizens' feelings in national #Covid 19 campaigns in Spain.

BACKGROUND: In 2020 Spain launched an official campaign, #EsteVirusLoParamosUnidos, aimed at uniting the entire country through citizen cooperation, in order to combat Covid-19. The objective of this research has been to analyse how this Twitter campaign revealed the feelings expressed by Spanish citizens. METHODS: The research is based on a composite design that triangulates, from a theoretical model, a quantitative analysis and a qualitative analysis. RESULTS: Of the 7,357 tweets in the sample, 72.32% were found to be retweets. Four content families were extracted which relate to politics, education, messages to society and the defence of occupational groups. The feelings expressed ranged from those of unity, admiration and support to those of discontent and criticism of issues regarding the health situation. CONCLUSIONS: The development of networked socio-political and technical measures, which enabled citizen participation, facilitated the development of new patterns of interaction between national or regional governments and digital citizens. This increased citizens' possibilities of influencing the public agenda and, therefore, strengthening citizen engagement regarding specific situations.

Realfooders Influencers on Instagram: From Followers to Consumers.

(1) Background: Realfooders have positioned themselves in social networks such as Instagram by posting photographs of recipes, advises, habits and nutritional behaviours which are advertised as reliable nutritional patterns and by their self-promotion as highly trained people in the field of nutrition which sometimes jeopardises the health of digital citizenry. (2) Methods: In this article, we develop a quantitative study for analysing the influence of selected Realfooders on 2,866,980 followers on Instagram, taking into account channel variables (gender, location, interests and motivations), followers' variables (engagement, interaction and consumption) and some variables related to the message of 54 posts about breakfast. (3) Results: Selected Realfooders concentrate their followers in Spain, mostly women between 18 and 24 and between 35 and 44 years old who link their interests on food to the cult of the body and recreational areas. On the other hand, the content generated by Realfooders has been increasing its impact using advertising and marketing techniques for awaking consumer's interest. (4) Conclusions: Educational and social agents are facing the challenge of low health literacy in young population. Therefore, it is necessary to design and implement strategies for developing critical thinking that allow them to assess the content generated by Realfooders and identify which recommendations can be harmful or beneficial to their health.

Igualdade de gênero e análise da comunicação motora nas tarefas de educação física / Igualdad de género y análisis de la cominicación motriz en las tareas de la educación física / Gender equality and analysis of motor communication in physical education tasks

Este artigo analisa as tarefas motoras propostas no âmbito da Educação Física, tanto pelo professor quanto no jogo livre, a partir de uma perspectiva de gênero. A partir de uma observação participante, obtêm-se as tarefas propostas nas sessões de Educação Física de uma escola na cidade de Meliana, na província de Valência (Espanha). São analisadas e contextualizadas 134 tarefas motoras na estrutura educacional. Os resultados mostram que há uma tendência a promover um certo modelo de comportamento comum quando o professor exerce maior diretividade. Por outro lado, quando o professor oferece liberdade para escolher, há uma tendência a reproduzir os estereótipos de gênero dominantes

El presente artículo analiza las tareas motrices propuestas en el ámbito de la Educación Física, tanto por el maestro como en el juego libre, desde una perspectiva de género. A partir de una observación participante se obtienen las tareas propuestas en las sesiones de Educación Física de una escuela en la localidad de Meliana, en la provincia de Valencia (España). Se constatan 134 tareas motrices que se analizan y contextualizan en el marco educativo. Los resultados muestran que se tiende a impulsar un cierto modelo de comportamiento común cuando el docente ejerce mayor directividad. En cambio, cuando el profesor ofrece libertad para escoger, se tienden a reproducir los estereotipos de género dominantes

This article looks into the motor tasks proposed in Physical Education ­ both by teachers and in free play ­ from a gender perspective. Using participant observation, it collected the tasks proposed during Physical Education classes at a school in Meliana, in the Spanish province of Valencia: 134 motor tasks are analyzed and contextualized within the educational framework. The results show a tendency to promote a certain model of common behavior when teachers exercise greater directivity. On the other hand, when they offer freedom to choose, dominant gender stereotypes tend to be reproduced

sMOOC: A pedagogical model for social inclusion.

In this article, the results of analysing the sMOOC launched by European project E-learning, Communication, Open Data (ECO) are displayed, from the perspective of social inclusion. Firstly, it considers people excluded from the system and, on a second stage, attention is brought towards those agents acting as social mediators. A quantitative methodology of analysis was applied to the interactions occurred in a sample of 1,361 participants at ECO Portal's course "Education Innovation and Professional Development. Possibilities and Limits of the ICTs". Results show that ECO has massively promoted sMOOC-based training and has become present, not only in Europe, but also in a wider geographical spread, particularly in developing countries. Such training offering has been highly valued by participants in aspects related to the knowledge acquired and them feeling active role-players in the education process, which increases their commitment towards sharing that training in diverse social environments and, as a result, makes a significant impact on social inclusion processes.