[Pathogenetic and clinical features of cerebral venous thrombosis]. / Patogeneticheskie i klinicheskie osobennosti tserebral'nykh venoznykh trombozov.

OBJECTIVE: To study the etiopathogenetic and clinical features of inpatients with venous thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The analysis of 25 medical cases of patients with venous thrombosis was performed. RESULTS: Cerebral venous thrombosis most often developed in females (88%), the average age was 36 years. The most frequent localization of thrombosis was observed in the transverse sinus, as independently (40%) and in combination with thrombosis of other sinuses. Headache was the main clinical sign that could be a single feature or accompanied by other neurological symptoms. In 13 patients (86.6%), multiple polymorphisms in blood coagulation genes (more than 4 mutations) were identified. All patients were prescribed anticoagulant therapy. In all cases, there were positive dynamics of the patients' condition, in the form of a decrease in the intensity of headache or complete regression of cephalalgia, neurological symptoms regressed in 20 patients (80%), there was no fatal outcome. CONCLUSION: If central venous thrombosis is detected, especially in young people, an analysis for genetic polymorphism of the blood coagulation system and the folate cycle should be carried out. This will allow timely development of secondary prevention and reduce the risk of recurrent thrombosis.

Comparative Morphological Characteristics of the Results of Implantation of Decellularized and Recellularized Porcine Skin Scaffolds.

The tissue reaction of pig skin to implantation of decellularized and recellularized dermal matrices on a formed wound defect was evaluated by histological methods on days 2, 5, 8, 16, and 20 after surgery. Differences in tissue response to different matrices were identified. In experimental wounds coated with decellularized dermal matrices, we observed the formation of a scar tissue, which required autodermoplasty on day 12 of the experiment. In wounds coated with recellularized dermal matrices, all layers of the skin completely recovered by day 20 after surgery with the formation of full dermal and epidermal layers. Our findings suggest that reparative morphological changes in the wound depend on the presence of fibroblasts in the implanted dermal matrix.

In Vivo Experimental Study of Biological Compatibility of Tissue Engineered Tracheal Construct in Laboratory Primates.

Biological compatibility of a tissue engineered construct of the trachea (synthetic scaffold) and allogenic mesenchymal stem cells was studied on laboratory Papio hamadryas primates. Subcutaneous implantation and orthotopic transplantations of tissue engineered constructs were carried out. Histological studies of the construct showed chaotically located filaments and mononuclear cells fixed to them. Development of a fine connective tissue capsule was found at the site of subcutaneous implantation of the tissue engineered construct. The intact structure of the scaffold populated by various cell types in orthotopic specimens was confirmed by expression of specific proteins. The results indicated biological compatibility of the tissue engineered construct with the mesenchymal stem cells; no tissue rejection reactions were recorded; simulation of respiratory disease therapy on Papio hamadryas proved to be an adequate model.

Morphological Analysis of Biocompatibility of Autologous Bone Marrow Mononuclear Cells with Synthetic Polyethylene Terephthalate Scaffold.

We studied the properties of a tissue-engineered trachea consisting of a polyethylene terephthalate scaffold populated with autologous bone marrow mononuclear cells. The tissue-engineered constructs were obtained before surgery, during the postoperative period, and during autopsy. Cytomorphological analysis during the postoperative period showed the presence of mesenchymal stem cells on the inner surface of the implant on day 3 after surgery and cells of the respiratory epithelium on day 10-14. In autopsy samples, single epithelial cells, endothelial cells, and basal cells were found. Biocompatibility of the tissue-engineered trachea with autologous mononuclear cells of the patient was demonstrated.

Effects of Growth Factors on Mobilization of Mesenchymal Stem Cells.

We studied mobilization of bone marrow stem cells the under conditions of boost-therapy with granulocytic CSF and erythropoietin. Immunophenotyping of the peripheral blood was carried out in patients after transplantation of tissue-engineered trachea during the perioperative period. We observed an increase in hemopoietic stem cell pool and appearance of multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells in systemic circulation, their maximum concentration being recorded on days 10-14 after surgery. These data indicated a positive effect of growth factors on mobilization of stem cells.

Modification of Rat Lung Decellularization Protocol Based on Dynamic Conductometry of Working Solution.

We modified the protocol of obtaining of biological scaffolds of rat lungs based on dynamic recording of specific resistivity of working detergent solution (conductometry) during perfusion decellularization. Termination of sodium deoxycholate exposure after attaining ionic equilibrium plateau did not impair the quality of decellularization and preserved structural matrix components, which was confirmed by morphological analysis and quantitative assay of residual DNA.

Evaluation of the influence of decellularization on the changes in biomechanical properties of primate lungs.

The effect of decellularization on the biomechanical properties of macaque lungs was studied. The quality of the biological scaffold was additionally assessed by morphological methods, and the contents of extracellular matrix (ECM) fibers were determined both qualitatively and quantitatively. Histological analysis revealed no damage of structural integrity of ECM components, but the scaffold elasticity significantly decreased, which was confirmed by the changes in the hysteresis loop without a concomitant decrease in peak loads, with the mechanical strength of the samples being retained. These changes require taking additional measures to prevent a decrease in the effective lung volume.

EPR spectroscopy solutions for assessment of decellularization of intrathoracic organs and tissues.

Using EPR spectroscopy it was established that the determination of the concentration of paramagnetic centers in lyophilized tissues allows indirect evaluation of the quality of decellularization of intrathoracic organs (diaphragm, heart, and lungs), since the content of paramagnetic particles in them can serve as a criterion of cell viability and points to the necessity to repeat decellularization. Experiments in rats showed that the EPR spectra of the native thoracic organs contained paramagnetic centers with g-factor values ranging from 2.007 to 2.011 at a concentration of 10(-8) to 6.62 × 10(-7) mol/g of lyophilized tissue, whereas in all decellularized tissues of the same organs paramagnetic particles were not detected.