[External and internal nasal valve. Diagnostic and treatment methods for dysfunction]. / Naruzhnyi i vnutrennii nosovoi klapan. Metody diagnostiki i lecheniia pri disfunktsii.

The purpose of the work is the analysis of diagnostic methods of nasal valve dysfunction according to Pubmed database and national medical journals during the period from 1997 to 2019. A brief analysis of the definition of the zones of the external and internal nasal valve, diagnostic methods, including external nasal dilators, spiral computed tomography, assessment of the degree of displacement of the nasal wing using various aspirators is given. Various methods for treating nasal valve dysfunction, such as external and internal dilators, strengthening the nasal wings, suture techniques, expanding the edge of the pear-shaped hole, implantation of absorbable polymers into the side wall of the nose are critically evaluated. Our own original correction method is described for dysfunction of the external nasal valve caused by the vertically located legs of the inferior lateral cartilage.

[External nasal valve. Method of reconstruction with its dysfunction]. / Sposob rekonstruktsii naruzhnogo nosovogo klapana.

The aim of this work is to improve the reconstruction techniques the external nasal valve, with its dysfunction caused by vertically located lateral legs of the lower lateral cartilage. There is shown a brief analysis of the anatomy of the external and internal nasal valve, methods of reconstruction with its dysfunction and surgical correction of this. The method of reconstruction of the external nasal valve is proposed, where we have used the isolation and removal of the vertically extending lateral legs lower lateral cartilage and expansion of the valve zone by an auto / allogeneic cartilaginous graft. The advantages and disadvantages of the proposed method are estimated.

[The diagnostics and surgical treatment of the patients presenting with otosclerosis in the Primorye Territory]. / Diagnostika i khirurgicheskoe lechenie patsientov s otosklerozom v Primorskom krae.

The objective of the present study was to characterize the effectiveness of the audiological and radiological diagnostic techniques as well as the results of the surgical treatment of the patients presenting with otosclerosis based at the hospital clinic of the Pacific State Medical University. The analysis included 49 surgical interventions for stapedoplasty carried out on 42 patients during the period from 2015 to 2017. The tympanic form of the disorder was diagnosed in 51.02% of the cases, the mixed form I in 16.28%, and the mixed form II in 32.7%. The excellent results within two months after surgery were obtained in 87.2% of the treated patients, the good and satisfactory results in 8.72% and 4.08% of them respectively.

[The state of the larynx in the patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the clinical state of the larynx and its microbial population in 49 patients examined at the stage of stable condition of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Examination of the larynx was carried out with the use of a rigid laryngoscope having a visual angle of 70 degrees, videofibrolaryngoscopy, and stroboscopy using a «TelePac¼ videocomplex (Karl Storz, Germany). It was supplemented by the study of the bacteriological and mycological paysage. The acoustic analysis of the voice was performed with the help of the Specta PLUS computer program. It was shown that more than 70% of the examined patients presented with various forms of chronic laryngitis. Potentially pathogenic St. pyogenes and yeast-like fungi C. albicans were isolated from 59% and 29% of the patients respectively.

[Dynamics of activity of neurokinine receptors and enzymes of intercellular matrix (MMP9 and TIMP-2) in the nasal mucosa of the chronic cigarette smokers].

The present study was designed to determine localization of substance P and neuroknine receptors in the nasal mucous membrane of the subjects having the history of chronic smoking. The mechanisms underlying reorganization of the mucous tissue were elucidated by measuring the activity of intercellular matrix enzymes (MMP9 and TIMP-2). The activity of neurokinine receptors localized on the cells of ciliary epithelium and in the connective tissue elements of the submucous structures was shown to be significantly increased. It is concluded that the specific dynamics of MMP9 and TIMP-2 activities in the chronic cigarette smokers indicates that the matrix metalloproteinases of this type play an important role in the structural reorganization of the tissues of the nasal mucous membrane.

[The functional status of the upper respiratory tract in the long-term smokers].

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the functional status of the upper respiratory tract in 50 long-term smokers based on the results of comprehensive medical examination, determination of mucociliary transport time, endoscopic study of the oral cavity and nasopharynx, anterior active rhinomanometry, computed tomography of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses, fibroendoscopic study of the larynx, and stroboscopy. It was shown that the most significant changes in the nasal cavity were associated with various forms of chronic rhinitis whereas chronic catarrh and hyperplastic laryngitis caused the most pronounced changes in the larynx.

[The functional state of the upper respiratory tract and ears in the patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

The objective of the present work was to study the functional state of the ENT organ system in 50 patients during exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The most pronounced clinical manifestations of the disease included chronic catarrhal rhinitis, chronic catarrhal pharyngitis, and hyperplastic laryngitis. No clinically significant pathological changes were documented in the organs of hearing.