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Background: This cross-sectional observational study aimed to investigate differences in abdominal musculature thickness, pelvic tilt, and trunk mobility between women with primary dysmenorrhea (PD) and a control group (CG). Methods: Participants included 44 women (22 with PD and 22 controls) aged over 18, nulliparous, and of reproductive age. Ultrasound imaging was used to measure the thickness of the transverse abdominis (TrA), internal oblique (IO), external oblique (EO), and rectus abdominis (RA) muscles at rest and during contraction. Additionally, anterior pelvic tilt was assessed using the Palpation Meter (PALM), and trunk flexion and extension were measured using an accelerometer (activForce2). Results: Significant differences (p < 0.05) were found in RA and EO muscle thickness, with lower values in the PD group compared to CG. However, there were no significant differences (p > 0.05) in TrA and IO muscle thickness, anterior pelvic tilt, or trunk mobility between groups. Conclusions: These findings contribute to understanding the musculoskeletal factors potentially involved in dysmenorrhea. Further research is needed to explore associations between PD and structural and alignment parameters.
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This retrospective study aimed to analyze the return to running of non-professional runners after experiencing asymptomatic or mild COVID-19. Participants aged 18-55 years who maintained a training load of ≥10 km/week for at least three months prior to diagnosis and utilized Garmin/Polar apps were included. From these devices, parameters such as pace, distance, total running time, cadence, and heart rate were collected at three intervals: pre-COVID, immediately post-COVID, and three months after diagnosis. The Wilcoxon signed rank test was used for analysis (significance was set at ≤0.05). Twenty-one participants (57.1% male; mean age 35.0 ± 9.8 years) were included. The results revealed a significant decrease in running duration and distance two weeks after diagnosis, without significant changes in other parameters. Three months after infection, no differences were observed compared to pre-infection data, indicating a return to the pre-disease training load. These findings underscore the transient impact of COVID-19 on training performance among non-professional runners with mild or asymptomatic symptoms, highlighting the importance of tailored strategies for resuming running after infection.
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COVID-19 , Carrera , Humanos , COVID-19/diagnóstico , Carrera/fisiología , Masculino , Adulto , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Persona de Mediana Edad , SARS-CoV-2/aislamiento & purificación , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Frecuencia Cardíaca/fisiologíaRESUMEN
This study aimed to investigate if the characteristics of different running shoes could influence intra-abdominal pressure during running. A single-centre, randomized, prospective cross-over clinical trial was performed measuring activity patterns of internal oblique (IO), lumbar erector (LE), and gluteus maximus (GM) muscles in healthy women when running with minimalist shoes (MS). Participants were randomly allocated into two-sequence (MS/TS or TS/MS) treadmill running at six, nine, and eleven km/h. The surface electromyographic activity of IO, LE, and GM muscles were recorded while running. A repeated measures ANOVA explored the interaction effects of three-muscle x three speeds x two shoes. Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Fifty-one healthy nulliparous women (mean age: 26.55 ± 5.11 years; body mass index: 21.29 ± 2.07 Kg/m2) were included. Our findings revealed lower activations of the LE compared to the internal oblique IO and GM, irrespective of running speed and footwear used. Electromyographic activation significantly increased with higher running speeds (p < 0.001) for all muscles, regardless of the type of footwear. Although electromyographic records with MS consistently showed higher values than those with TS, the differences were not statistically significant for all muscles at all speeds. Our results indicate that electromyographic activation patterns vary according to the muscle group, exhibiting higher values with increased running speed. No significant differences were observed between MS and TS.
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Carrera , Zapatos , Humanos , Femenino , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Estudios Prospectivos , Músculos , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
In the northern hemisphere countries, artichoke harvest occurs in winter months; consequently, they are exposed to cold temperatures. This can lead to frost injury, such as triggering the blistering of the cuticle and detachment of outer bracts, which eventually could display brown or black discolouration. This can cause major economic and production losses. As far as we know, no literature is available about this problem in artichokes. Thus, the main aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of total phenolic content and the antioxidant potential of 'Blanca de Tudela' artichokes in their capacity to tolerate frost injury when they are exposed to low temperatures. Several factors were analysed, including floral head order, weight and size of artichokes, total phenolic content, phenolic profile and total antioxidant activity. Results showed that tertiary heads, which are the smallest in size, exhibited a greater amount of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. As a result, these characteristics offered enhanced protection to the artichoke against frosting temperatures. In contrast, the largest artichokes, especially the primary heads, were more susceptible to suffer frostbite. Therefore, artichokes with robust antioxidant systems, characterized by elevated phenolic content, are crucial to reduce their susceptibility to frost injury.
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BACKGROUND: Regardless of the available antifungals, intraabdominal candidiasis (IAC) mortality continues to be high and represents a challenge for clinicians. MAIN BODY: This opinion paper discusses alternative antifungal options for treating IAC. This clinical entity should be addressed separately from candidemia due to the peculiarity of the required penetration of antifungals into the peritoneal cavity. Intraabdominal concentrations may be further restricted in critically ill patients where pathophysiological facts alter normal drug distribution. Echinocandins are recommended as first-line treatment in guidelines for invasive candidiasis. However, considering published data, our pharmacodynamic analysis suggests the required increase of doses, postulated by some authors, to attain adequate pharmacokinetic (PK) levels in peritoneal fluid. Given the limited evidence in the literature on PK/PD-based treatments of IAC, an algorithm is proposed to guide antifungal treatment. Liposomal amphotericin B is advocated as first-line therapy in patients with sepsis/septic shock presenting candidemia or endophthalmitis, or with prior exposure to echinocandins and/or fluconazole, or with infections by Candida glabrata. Other situations and alternatives, such as new compounds or combination therapy, are also analysed. CONCLUSION: There is a critical need for more robust clinical trials, studies examining patient heterogeneity and surveillance of antifungal resistance to enhance patient care and optimise treatment outcomes. Such evidence will help refine the existing guidelines and contribute to a more personalised and effective approach to treating this serious medical condition. Meanwhile, it is suggested to broaden the consideration of other options, such as liposomal amphotericin B, as first-line treatment until the results of the fungogram are available and antifungal stewardship could be implemented to prevent the development of resistance.
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Candidemia , Candidiasis Invasiva , Humanos , Antifúngicos/efectos adversos , Candidemia/tratamiento farmacológico , Equinocandinas/farmacología , Equinocandinas/uso terapéutico , Candidiasis Invasiva/tratamiento farmacológicoRESUMEN
Flower head orders and the use of GA3 (gibberellic acid) treatment could be two influencing factors determining the bioactive compound levels in artichoke, but little to no information is available about their effects. In this study, we have therefore evaluated the influence of these factors on the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivative levels in three categories of artichoke: Seed-propagated open-pollinated cultivars; vegetatively propagated cultivars; and seed-propagated hybrids. The hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives were quantified by RP-HPLC-DAD. The average flower head weight was the lowest in tertiary heads and GA3-treated artichokes, followed by secondary and main heads. Moreover, the hydroxycinnamic acid and luteolin derivatives levels were significantly higher in tertiary heads than in secondary or main heads. In addition, the GA3 treatment significantly reduced the hydroxycinnamic acid content and, in contrast, improved luteolin derivatives levels. These effects depended on the flower head order and cultivar. Knowledge of the effects of flower head order and GA3 treatment is therefore key in order to achieve the greatest health-benefits from artichoke consumption.
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Lemon trees (Citrus limon (L.) Burm. F) were treated monthly with oxalic acid (OA) at 0.1, 0.5, and 1 mM from initial fruit growth on the tree until harvest in2019. The experiment was repeated in 2020, with the application of OA 1 mM (according to the best results of 2019). In both years, fruit from OA-treated trees and the controls were stored for 35 days at 10 °C. Results showed that all treatments reduced weight loss (WL) and maintained higher firmness, total soluble solids (TSS), and total acidity (TA) than in the controls. Meanwhile, colour (hue angle) did not show significant differences. The activity of antioxidant enzymes, catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX), and peroxidase (POD) in the flavedo of the fruit from the OA-treated trees was higher than in the controls at harvest and after 35 days of storage. Similarly, the total phenolic content (TPC) in the flavedo and juice of the fruit from the OA-treated trees were higher than in the controls. The increase in the activity of the antioxidant enzymes and TPC started with the first preharvest OA treatment and were maintained during fruit development on the tree until harvest. Preharvest OA treatments enhanced the antioxidant system of the lemon fruits, reducing the postharvest incidence of decay. Thus, OA could be a useful tool to increase the quality and functional properties of lemon fruits.
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Celiac Disease (CD) is an autoimmune disorder that affects approximately 1% of the worldwide population. The α-gliadins of wheat contain the 33-mer peptide, the most active peptide in CD both in adults and pediatric patients. In this study, we have characterized the variants and expression profile of an α-gliadins amplicon, harboring the 33-mer peptide, in two low-gliadin RNAi wheat lines, under two different Nitrogen (N) treatments. We estimated that the amplicon expands 45 different α-gliadin variants with high variability due to length, randomly distributed SNPs, and the presence of encoded CD epitopes. Expression of this amplicon is reduced in both RNAi lines in comparison to the wild type. High N treatment significantly increases transcripts of the amplicon in the wild type, but not in the transgenic lines. Classification of α-gliadin variants, considering the number of epitopes, revealed that amplicon variants containing the full complement of 33-mer peptide were affected by N treatment, increasing their expression when N was increased. Line D793 provided higher and more stable silencing through different N fertilization regimes, expressing fewer CD epitopes than D783. Results of this study are important for better understanding of RNAi α-gliadin silencing in response to N treatments, and for undertaking new strategies by RNAi or CRISPR/Cas toward obtaining new varieties suitable for people suffering gluten intolerances.
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The main goal of this study was to describe impact of preharvest application of methyl salicylate (MeSA), acetyl salicylic acid (ASA) and salicylic acid (SA) on the reduction of disease caused by Botrytis cinerea in two table grape cultivars ('Crimson' and 'Magenta'). Based on previous studies, MeSA and SA were applied at 0.1 and 0.01â¯mM for both cultivars, while ASA was applied at 1â¯mM in 'Crimson' and 0.1â¯mM in 'Magenta'. At time of harvest, berry maturity-quality attributes, bioactive compounds and antioxidant enzymes were determined. In addition, grapes were artificially inoculated with B. cinerea spores, and the berries were ranked for visual decay incidence after 5â¯days of inoculation. Salicylates preharvest treatments led to higher total acidity, content of bioactive compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes in treated than in control berries. The application of salicylate derivatives induced resistance to B. cinerea spoilage, since higher percentage of berries with no symptoms was observed and on the contrary, the highest percentages of berries were obtained in control grapes. All preharvest treatments with SA, ASA and MeSA alleviated postharvest disease caused by B. cinerea probably due to increasing levels of phenolic compounds and activity of antioxidant enzymes, although the best results were obtained with MeSA at 0.1â¯mM. Also, for this treatment and dose, higher quality properties, such as higher concentrations of ascorbic, succinic and fumaric acids, were observed compared with no treated-grapes.
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Antioxidantes/metabolismo , Botrytis/efectos de los fármacos , Enfermedades de las Plantas/prevención & control , Ácido Salicílico/farmacología , Vitis/microbiología , Aspirina/farmacología , Resistencia a la Enfermedad/efectos de los fármacos , Conservación de Alimentos/métodos , Fenoles/metabolismo , Enfermedades de las Plantas/microbiología , Salicilatos/farmacología , Vitis/efectos de los fármacos , Vitis/metabolismoRESUMEN
Wheat gluten proteins are responsible for the bread-making properties of the dough but also for triggering important gastrointestinal disorders. Celiac disease (CD) affects approximately 1% of the population in Western countries. The only treatment available is the strict avoidance of gluten in the diet. Interference RNA (RNAi) is an excellent approach for the down-regulation of genes coding for immunogenic proteins related to celiac disease, providing an alternative for the development of cereals suitable for CD patients. In the present work, we report a comparative study of the stimulatory capacity of seven low-gluten RNAi lines differing in grain gluten and non-gluten protein composition, relevant for CD and other gluten pathologies. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of 35 patients with active CD were included in this study to assess the stimulatory response induced by protein extracts from the RNAi lines. Analysis of the proliferative response and interferon-gamma (INF-γ) release of PBMCs demonstrated impaired stimulation in response to all RNAi lines. The lower response was provided by lines with a very low content of α- and γ-gliadins, and low or almost devoid of DQ2.5 and p31-43 α-gliadin epitopes. The non-gluten protein seems not to play a key role in PBMC stimulation.
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Enfermedad Celíaca/inmunología , Glútenes/metabolismo , Leucocitos Mononucleares/inmunología , Triticum/genética , Cromatografía Liquida/métodos , Glútenes/genética , Humanos , Pepsina A/química , Pepsina A/metabolismo , Interferencia de ARN , Tripsina/química , Tripsina/metabolismoRESUMEN
The concept of healthcare-associated infections (as opposed to hospital-acquired infections) in intraabdominal infections (IAIs) is scarcely supported by data in the literature. The aim of the present study was to analyse community-onset IAIs (non-postoperative/non-nosocomial) in patients admitted to intensive care units (ICUs), to investigate differences in resistance patterns linked to healthcare exposure and mortality-associated factors. A one-year prospective observational study (17 Spanish ICUs) was performed distributing cases as healthcare-associated infections (HCAI), community-acquired infections (CAI) and immunocompromised patients (ICP). Bacteria producing extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemase (CPE), high-level aminoglycoside- and/or methicillin- and/or vancomycin- resistance were considered antimicrobial resistant (AMR). Mortality-associated factors were identified by regression multivariate analysis. Of 345 patients included (18.8% HCAI, 6.1% ICP, 75.1% CAI), 51.6% presented generalized peritonitis; 32.5% were >75 years (55.4% among HCAI). Overall, 11.0% cases presented AMR (7.0% ESBL- and/or CPE), being significantly higher in HCAI (35.4%) vs. CAI (5.8%) (p<0.001) vs. ICP (0%) (p = 0.003). Overall 30-day mortality was 14.5%: 23.1% for HCAI and 11.6% for CAI (p = 0.016). Mortality (R2 = 0.262, p = 0.021) was positively associated with age >75 years (OR = 6.67, 95%CI = 2.56-17.36,p<0.001), Candida isolation (OR = 3.05, 95%CI = 1.18-7.87,p = 0.022), and SAPS II (per-point, OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 1.05-1.11, p<0.001) and negatively with biliary infections (OR = 0.06, 95%CI = 0.01-0.48,p = 0.008). In this study, the antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of bacteria isolated from patients with healthcare contact was shifted to resistance, suggesting the need for consideration of the healthcare category (not including hospital-acquired infections) for severe IAIs. 30-day mortality was positively related with age >75 years, severity and Candida isolation but not with AMR.
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Bacterias/efectos de los fármacos , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Farmacorresistencia Bacteriana , Infecciones Intraabdominales/microbiología , Adulto , Factores de Edad , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Bacterias/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/diagnóstico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Comunitarias Adquiridas/mortalidad , Enfermedad Crítica/mortalidad , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Infección Hospitalaria/diagnóstico , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/mortalidad , Femenino , Humanos , Unidades de Cuidados Intensivos/estadística & datos numéricos , Infecciones Intraabdominales/diagnóstico , Infecciones Intraabdominales/tratamiento farmacológico , Infecciones Intraabdominales/mortalidad , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , Índice de Severidad de la Enfermedad , España/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Bacterial viability and enrichment of resistance resulting from three different amikacin administration schedules with respect to haemodialysis (HD) were assessed against three OXA-48-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated during an outbreak in a Spanish hospital. METHODS: A previously described two-compartment dynamic system was used. Three possible amikacin administration schedules were simulated: (i) haemodialysis immediately after amikacin infusion (pre-HD); (ii) infusion immediately after haemodialysis (post-HD); and (iii) infusion at 50% interdialytic period. Amikacin standard dose (SD) and double dose (DD) were simulated for each schedule. Values of Cmax/MIC, Cmax/MPC (mutant prevention concentration), AUC0-48h/MIC, AUC0-48h/MPC and %TMSW (percentage of time that the concentration was inside the mutant selection window) were determined with experimental data and were correlated with the area under the bacterial killing curve of the total population and the resistant subpopulation. RESULTS: Both with SD and DD, the pre-HD schedule resulted in increases at 48h in bacterial counts of the total population at the expense of enrichment of pre-existing resistant subpopulations from 12h onwards for all strains. The estimated %TMSW that prevented enrichment of resistant mutants was <61.5%. The AUC0-48h/MPC (with values of ≈40 being associated with countering of increases in resistant subpopulations) was better than the %TMSW as a predictive parameter. CONCLUSION: This study showed that the longest times concentrations were above the MPC (i.e. highest AUC0-48h/MPC, lowest %TMSW), the lowest enrichment of resistant subpopulations. This implies use of the highest possible amikacin dose (limited by toxicity) and post-HD as the best administration schedule.
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Amicacina/administración & dosificación , Antibacterianos/administración & dosificación , Infecciones por Klebsiella/prevención & control , Klebsiella pneumoniae/efectos de los fármacos , Viabilidad Microbiana/efectos de los fármacos , Diálisis Renal , Amicacina/farmacocinética , Amicacina/uso terapéutico , Antibacterianos/farmacocinética , Antibacterianos/uso terapéutico , Simulación por Computador , Infección Hospitalaria/tratamiento farmacológico , Infección Hospitalaria/microbiología , Infección Hospitalaria/prevención & control , Esquema de Medicación , Humanos , Infecciones por Klebsiella/tratamiento farmacológico , Klebsiella pneumoniae/enzimología , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , España , Factores de Tiempo , beta-LactamasasRESUMEN
Plant proteases play a crucial role in many different biological processes along the plant life cycle. One of the most determinant stages in which proteases are key protagonists is the plant germination through the hydrolysis and mobilization of other proteins accumulated in seeds and cereal grains. The most represented proteases in charge of this are the cysteine proteases group, including the C1A family known as papain-like and the C13 family also called legumains. In cereal species such as wheat, oat or rye, gluten is a very complex mixture of grain storage proteins, which may affect the health of sensitive consumers like celiac patients. Since gluten proteins are suitable targets for plant proteases, the knowledge of the proteases involved in storage protein mobilization could be employed to manipulate the amount of gluten in the grain. Some proteases have been previously found to exhibit promising properties for their application in the degradation of known toxic peptides from gluten. To explore the variability in gluten-degrading capacities, we have now analyzed the degradation of gluten from different wheat cultivars using several cysteine proteases from barley. The wide variability showed highlights the possibility to select the protease with the highest potential to alter grain composition reducing the gluten content. Consequently, new avenues could be explored combining genetic manipulation of proteolytic processes with silencing techniques to be used as biotechnological tools against gluten-related disorders.
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Gluten proteins, major determinants of the bread-making quality of wheat, are related to several digestive disorders. Advances in plant genetic breeding have allowed the production of wheat lines with very low gliadin content through the use of RNAi and gene editing technologies. In this review, we carried out a comprehensive study of the application of these cutting-edge technologies towards the development of wheat lines devoid of immunogenic gluten, and their genetic, nutritional and clinical characterization. One line, named E82, showed outstanding nutritional properties, with very low immunogenic gluten and a low stimulation capacity of T-cells from celiac patients. Moreover, a clinical trial with non-celiac wheat sensitivity (NCWS) patients showed that the consumption of bread made with this E82 low gliadin line induced positive changes in the gut microbiota composition.
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Glútenes/metabolismo , Triticum/genética , Triticum/metabolismo , Dieta Sin Gluten , Glútenes/química , Humanos , Plantas Modificadas Genéticamente , Triticum/químicaRESUMEN
Objectives. To evaluate nephrotoxicity development in patients treated with vancomycin (VAN) and daptomycin (DAP) for proven severe Gram-positive infections in daily practice. Patients and methods. A practice-based, observational, retrospective study (eight Spanish hospitals) was performed including patients ≥18 years with a baseline glomerular filtration rate (GFR)>30 mL/min and/or serum creatinine level<2 mg/dL treated with DAP or VAN for >48h. Nephrotoxicity was considered as a decrease in baseline GRF to <50 mL/min or decrease of >10 mL/min from a baseline GRF<50 mL/min. Multivariate analyses were performed to determine factors associated with 1) treatment selection, 2) nephrotoxicity development, and 3) nephrotoxicity development within each antibiotic group. Results. A total of 133 patients (62 treated with DAP, 71 with VAN) were included. Twenty-one (15.8%) developed nephrotoxicity: 4/62 (6.3%) patients with DAP and 17/71 (23.3%) with VAN (p=0.006). No differences in concomitant administration of aminoglycosides or other potential nephrotoxic drugs were found between groups. Factors associated with DAP treatment were diabetes mellitus with organ lesion (OR=7.81, 95%CI:1.39-4.35) and basal creatinine ≥0.9 mg/dL (OR=2.53, 95%CI:1.15-4.35). Factors associated with VAN treatment were stroke (OR=7.22, 95%CI:1.50-34.67), acute myocardial infarction (OR=6.59, 95%CI:1.51-28.69) and primary bacteremia (OR=5.18, 95%CI:1.03-25.99). Factors associated with nephrotoxicity (R2=0.142; p=0.001) were creatinine clearance<80 mL/min (OR=9.22, 95%CI:1.98-30.93) and VAN treatment (OR=6.07, 95%CI:1.86-19.93). Factors associated with nephrotoxicity within patients treated with VAN (R2=0.232; p=0.018) were congestive heart failure (OR=4.35, 95%CI:1.23-15.37), endocarditis (OR=7.63, 95%CI:1.02-57.31) and basal creatinine clearance<80 mL/min (OR=7.73, 95%CI:1.20-49.71). Conclusions. Nephrotoxicity with VAN was significantly higher than with DAP despite poorer basal renal status in the DAP group
Objectivos: Evaluar el desarrollo de nefrotoxicidad en la práctica clínica diaria en pacientes con infecciones graves probadas por grampositivos, tratados con vancomicina (VAN) y daptomicina (DAP). Pacientes y métodos: Se diseñó un estudio observacional retrospectivo, basado en la práctica clínica diaria (ocho hospitales españoles), en el que se incluyeron pacientes ≥ 18 años con una tasa basal de filtrado glomerular (GFR) > 30 mL/min y/o una creatinina sérica < 2 mg/dl para los pacientes tratados con DAP o vancomicina durante > 48 horas. La nefrotoxicidad fue considerada como una disminución del GRF basal a < 50 mL/min o una disminución de > 10 mL/min desde un GRF basal de < 50 ml/min. Se diseñaron análisis multivariantes para determinar los factores asociados con: 1) la selección del tratamiento, 2) el desarrollo de nefrotoxicidad y 3) el desarrollo de nefrotoxicidad con cada antibiótico. Resultados: Se incluyeron 133 pacientes (62 tratados con DAP, 71 con vancomicina). Veintiuno (15,8%) desarrollaron nefrotoxicidad: 4/62 (6,3%) pacientes con DAP y 17/71 (23,3%) con VAN (p=0,006). No se encontraron diferencias entre los grupos en la administración concomitante de aminoglucósidos u otros fármacos potencialmente nefrotóxicos. Los factores asociados con el tratamiento con DAP fueron diabetes mellitus con lesión orgánica (OR=7,81; IC95%:1,39-4,35) y una creatinina basal ≥0,9 mg/dL (OR=2,53; IC95%:1,15-4,35). Los factores asociados con tratamiento con VAN fueron ictus (OR=7,22; IC95%:1,50-34,67), infarto agudo de miocardio (OR=6,59; IC95%:1,51-28,69) y bacteriemia primaria (OR=5,18, IC95%:1,03-25,99). Los factores asociados con nefrotoxicidad (R2=0,142; p=0,001) fueron aclaramiento de creatinina <80 mL/min (OR=9,22; IC95%:1,98-30,93) y tratamiento con VAN (OR=6,07; IC95%:1,86-19,93). Los factores asociados con nefrotoxicidad en los pacientes tratados con VAN (R2=0,232; p=0,018) fueron insuficiencia cardíaca congestiva (OR=4.35; IC95%:1,23-15,37), endocarditis (OR=7,63; IC95%:1,02-57,31) y una creatinina basal <80 mL/min (OR=7,73; IC95%:1,20-49,71). Conclusiones: La nefrotoxicidad con VAN fue significativamente más alta que la de DAP a pesar del pobre status basal renal del grupo de DAP
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Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , Infecciones por Bacterias Grampositivas/tratamiento farmacológico , Vancomicina/farmacocinética , Daptomicina/farmacocinética , Insuficiencia Renal/inducido químicamente , Daptomicina/toxicidad , Vancomicina/toxicidad , Pruebas de Toxicidad , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos/diagnósticoRESUMEN
Fifteen years after its licensure, this revision assesses the role of cefditoren facing the current pharmacoepidemiology of resistances in respiratory human-adapted pathogens (Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Haemophilus influenzae and Moraxella catarrhalis). In the era of post- pneumococcal conjugate vaccines and in an environment of increasing diffusion of the ftsI gene among H. influenzae isolates, published studies on the cefditoren in vitro microbiological activity, pharmacokinetic/pharmcodynamic (PK/PD) activity and clinical efficacy are reviewed. Based on published data, an overall analysis is performed for PK/PD susceptibility interpretation. Further translation of PK/PD data into clinical/microbiological outcomes obtained in clinical trials carried out in the respiratory indications approved for cefditoren in adults (tonsillitis, sinusitis, acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis and community-acquired pneumonia) is commented. Finally, the role of cefditoren within the current antibiotic armamentarium for the treatment of community respiratory tract infections in adults is discussed based on the revised information on its intrinsic activity, pharmacodynamic adequacy and clinical/bacteriological efficacy. Cefditoren remains an option to be taken into account when selecting an oral antibiotic for the empirical treatment of respiratory infections in the community caused by human-adapted pathogens, even when considering changes in the pharmacoepidemiology of resistances over the last two decades.
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No disponible
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Humanos , Dieta Sin Gluten/métodos , Biotecnología/métodos , Aglutininas del Germen de Trigo/análisis , Aglutininas del Germen de Trigo/genética , Grano Comestible/genéticaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Dosing in obese critically ill patients is challenging due to pathophysiological changes derived from obesity and/or critical illness, and it remains fully unexplored. This study estimated the micafungin probability of reaching adequate 24-h area under the curve (AUC0-24h)/minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against Candida spp. for an obese/nonobese, critically ill/noncritically ill, large population. METHODS: Blood samples for pharmacokinetic analyses were collected from 10 critically ill nonobese patients, 10 noncritically ill obese patients, and 11 critically ill morbidly obese patients under empirical/directed micafungin treatment. Patients received once daily 100-150 mg micafungin at the discretion of the treating physician following the prescribing information and hospital guidelines. Total micafungin concentrations were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Monte-Carlo simulations were performed and the probability of target attainment (PTA) was calculated using the AUC0-24/MIC cut-offs 285 (C. parapsilosis), 3000 (all Candida spp.), and 5000 (nonparapsilosis Candida spp.). Intravenous once-daily 100-mg, 150-mg, and 200-mg doses were simulated at different body weights (45, 80, 115, 150, and 185 kg) and age (30, 50, 70 and 90 years old). PTAs ≥ 90% were considered optimal. Fractional target attainment (FTA) was calculated using published MIC distributions. A dosing regimen was considered successful if the FTA was ≥ 90%. RESULTS: Overall, 100 mg of micafungin was once-daily administered for nonobese and obese patients with body mass index (BMI) ≤ 45 kg/m2 and 150 mg for morbidly obese patients with BMI > 45 kg/m2 (except two noncritically ill obese patients with BMI ~ 35 kg/m2 receiving 150 mg, and one critically ill patient with BMI > 45 kg/m2 receiving 100 mg). Micafungin concentrations in plasma were best described using a two-compartment model. Weight and age (but not severity score) were significant covariates and improved the model. FTAs > 90% were obtained against C. albicans with the 200 mg/24 h dose for all body weights (up to 185 kg), and with the 150 mg/24 h for body weights < 115 kg, and against C. glabrata with the 200 mg/24 h dose for body weights < 115 kg. CONCLUSION: The lack of adequacy for the 100 mg/24 h dose suggested the need to increase the dose to 150 mg/24 h for C. albicans infections. Further pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic studies should address optimization of micafungin dosing for nonalbicans Candida infections.
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Candidiasis/tratamiento farmacológico , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Equinocandinas/farmacología , Equinocandinas/farmacocinética , Lipopéptidos/farmacología , Lipopéptidos/farmacocinética , Obesidad Mórbida/fisiopatología , Obesidad/fisiopatología , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Antifúngicos/farmacocinética , Antifúngicos/farmacología , Antifúngicos/uso terapéutico , Área Bajo la Curva , Índice de Masa Corporal , Enfermedad Crítica/terapia , Equinocandinas/uso terapéutico , Femenino , Humanos , Lipopéptidos/uso terapéutico , Masculino , Micafungina , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Persona de Mediana Edad , Método de Montecarlo , Curva ROC , EspañaRESUMEN
The effects of methyl jasmonate (MeJa) treatment as an elicitor of artichoke plants [Cynara cardunculus var. scolymus (L.) Fiori] on the yield and quality attributes of artichokes, especially those related to individual phenolic content and antioxidant activity, at two harvest dates and along storage were analyzed in this research. Plants treated gave a higher yield of artichokes in comparison to control plants, with 0.55 kg more per plant. MeJa treatment also increased artichoke quality and phenolic content in the edible fraction at harvest and during storage at 2 °C for 28 days as a result of the accumulation of hydroxycinnamic acids and luteolin derivatives. In addition, antioxidant activity was enhanced by MeJa treatment and correlated with the total phenolic content. Results suggest that MeJa foliar application could be a simple and practical tool to improve the yield and phytochemical content on artichokes, with elicitation being a cheap and environmentally friendly procedure to improve the health-beneficial effects of artichoke consumption.
Asunto(s)
Acetatos/farmacología , Ciclopentanos/farmacología , Cynara scolymus/efectos de los fármacos , Cynara scolymus/crecimiento & desarrollo , Oxilipinas/farmacología , Fenoles/análisis , Reguladores del Crecimiento de las Plantas/farmacología , Antioxidantes/análisis , Ácidos Cumáricos/análisis , Cynara scolymus/química , Almacenamiento de Alimentos , Fitoquímicos/análisisRESUMEN
Introduction: In 2011, a hospital-wide outbreak of OXA-48 producing Klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in our hospital, an epidemiological setting of high ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae rates. This study identifies risk factors for colonization with carbapenemase-producing enterobacteria (CPE) at Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU) admission. Methods: A 2-year retrospective study was performed in all patients admitted to the SICU that following routine had a rectal swab collected upon admission. Results: Of 254 patients admitted, 41 (16.1%) harbored CPE (five showing two carbapenemase-producing isolates). Most frequent carbapenemase-producing isolates and carbapenemases were K. pneumoniae (39/46, 84.8%) and OXA-48 (31/46; 76.1%), respectively. Carriers significantly had higher rates of chronic renal disease, previous digestive/biliary endoscopy, hospitalization, ICU/SICU admission, intraabdominal surgery, and antibiotic intake, as well as higher median values of clinical scores (SOFA, SAPS II and APACHE II). In the multivariate analysis (R2 = 0.309, p < 0.001), CPE carriage was associated with prior administration of 3rd-4th generation cephalosporins (OR = 27.96, 95%CI = 6.88, 113.58, p < 0.001), β -lactam/ β -lactamase inhibitor (OR = 11.71, 95%CI = 4.51, 30.43, p < 0.001), abdominal surgery (OR = 6.33, 95%CI = 2.12, 18.89, p = 0.001), and prior digestive/biliary endoscopy (OR = 3.88, 95%CI = 1.56, 9.67, p = 0.004). Conclusions: A strong association between production of ESBLs and carriage of CPE (mainly OXA-48 producing K. pneumoniae) was found. According to the model, the co-selection of β-lactamases by previous exposure to broad-spectrum cephalosporins and β-lactam/ β -lactamase inhibitors (with lower relative risk), abdominal surgery and prior digestive/biliary endoscopy were factors associated with CPE carriage (AU)
Introducción: En 2011 se produjo un brote epidémico de Klebsiella pneumoniae productor de OXA-48 en nuestro hospital, un entorno epidemiológico de altas tasas de K. pneumoniae productor de BLEE. Este estudio identifica factores de riesgo de colonización por enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) en el momento del ingreso en la unidad de cuidados críticos quirúrgicos (UCCQ). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio retrospectivo durante 2 años en todos los pacientes ingresados en la UCCQ a los que, siguiendo la rutina habitual, se les tomaba un hisopo rectal en el momento de ingreso. Resultados: De los 254 pacientes ingresados, 41 (16,1%) portaban EPC (5 con 2 aislados productores de carbapenemasas). Los aislados productores de carbapenemasas y las carbapenemasas más frecuentes fueron K. pneumoniae (39/46, 84,8%) y OXA-48 (31/46; 76,1%), respectivamente. Los portadores presentaban de forma significativa mayor frecuencia de insuficiencia renal crónica, historia previa de endoscopia digestiva/biliar, hospitalización, ingreso previo en UCI/UCCQ, cirugía intraabdominal y exposición a antibióticos, así como valores más altos (mediana) de SOFA, SAPS II y APACHE II. En el análisis multivariado (R2 = 0,309; p < 0,001), el estado de portador de EPC se asoció con la administración previa de cefalosporinas de amplio espectro (OR = 27,96; IC 95%: 6,88-113,58; p < 0,001), β-lactámicos/inhibidores de β -lactamasas (OR = 11,71; IC 95%: 4,51-30,43; p < 0,001), cirugía abdominal (OR = 6,33; IC 95%: 2,12- 18,89; p = 0,001) y endoscopia digestiva/biliar previa (OR = 3,88; IC 95%: 1,56-9,67; p = 0,004). Conclusiones: Se encontró una fuerte asociación entre la producción de BLEE y la portación de EPC (fundamentalmente K. pneumoniae productora de OXA-48). De acuerdo con el modelo, la co-selección de β-lactamasas tras exposición previa a cefalosporinas de amplio espectro y en menor medida a β-lactámicos/inhibidores de β-lactamasas, la cirugía abdominal y la endoscopia digestiva/biliar previa fueron factores asociados a la portación de EPC (AU)