Association of major depressive disorder (MDD) with zinc levels and handgrip muscle strength in a sample of Colombian adults / Asociación del trastorno depresivo mayor con los niveles séricos de zinc y la fuerza muscular

Introduction: Depression is related with poor musclestrength, and deficiencies of microelements such as Zinc (Zn).Otherwise, Zn is related with muscle strength, but there is noevidence of the relations between muscle strength and Znlevels in depression. Objective: To determine the association between serum Zn levels, handgrip muscle strength, and depression. Methods: An observational, analytical case-control study. 102 depressive patients hospitalized at the San Juan de DiosClinic in Manizales, and 36 controls with no personal historyof mental illness were evaluated for depression severity,serum Zn levels, and handgrip muscle strength. The groupswere matched by sex, age, educational level, and socioeco-nomic stratum. The severity of depression was assessed us-ing the Montgomery–Asberg Rating Scale (MADRS). Serum Znlevels were determined, and handgrip muscle strength wasassessed using dynamometer. Descriptive analysis, logistic reression and linear models were performed with depressionand severity of depression as dependent variables. Results: Lower Zn levels and reduced handgrip musclestrength were related to the presence of depression with thelogistic model. Lower handgrip muscle strength and severityof depression were associated with the linear model. Conclusion: An association was found between depressionand low Zn levels, and an inverse association between severityof depression and handgrip muscle strength. Future studiesshould investigate causality, and to evaluate the relationshipbetween depression, muscle strength and nutritional status.(AU)

Introducción: La depresión se encuentra relacionada con una disminución de la fuerza muscular y deficiencia de microelementos como el Zinc (Zn). De otra parte, el Zn está relacionado con la fuerza muscular, sin embargo, no hay evidencia si existe una asociación entre fuerza muscular y Zn en depresión. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre niveles séricos de Zn, fuerza muscular y depresión. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico de casos y controles. Participaron 102 pacientes hospitalizados en la Clínica San Juan de Dios de Manizales y 36 controles sin historia personal de enfermedad mental. Fueron evaluados la severidad de la depresión, los niveles séricos de Zn y la fuerza de agarre manual. Los grupos fueron pareados por edad, sexo, escolaridad y estrato socioeconómico. La severidad de la depresión se evaluó con la escala de depresión Montgomery-Asberg (MADRS), se determinaron niveles séricos de Zn y la fuerza muscular fue evaluada con por dinamometría. Se realizo un análisis descriptivo, y modelos de regresión logística y regresión lineal con depresión y severidad de la depresión como variables dependientes.Resultados: El modelo de regresión logística encontró una asociación entre los niveles bajos de Zn y la fuerza muscular con la presencia de depresión. El modelo de regresión lineal encontró una relación entre menor fuerza de agarre y severidad de la depresión.Conclusión: Existe una asociación entre depresión y niveles bajos de Zn, y una relación inversamente proporcional entre severidad de la depresión y menor fuerza muscular. Estudios en el futuro deben investigar relaciones de causalidad y evaluar la relación entre depresión, fuerza muscular y estado nutricional.(AU)

Hospital Outcomes of Adult Diabetic Patients by Glycated Hemoglobin Level in Nonsurgical Pathology in a High-Complexity Institution.

Recent evidence supports the relationship between in-hospital hyperglycemia and inpatient complications. Besides, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) can predict the clinical course of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) during hospital stays. This study aimed to assess the relationship between HbA1c levels and inpatient outcomes. Type 2 diabetes mellitus patients with age greater than 18 years, hospital length of stay greater than 24 hours, and one HbA1c report during their in-hospital management were included. All the electronic care records of patients admitted at the Clinical Versalles, a high-volume institution, in Manizales-Colombia were revised. The following variables were considered: hospital length of stay, diagnoses at the arrival, complications, capillary glucose levels, and treatment at discharge. Variables were categorized by HbA1c levels: group 1 = ⩽ 7%, group 2 = 7.01% to 8.5%, group 3 = 8.51% to ⩽10% and group 4 = >10%. There were a total of 232 patients. Average age was 69.7 years, mean HbA1c was 7.19 ± 2.03, average body mass index (BMI) was 28.8 ± 5.6. About HbA1c, 146 (62.9%) had ⩽7.5%. The most frequent admission diagnosis was by cardiovascular diseases. Average hospitalization was 7.5 ± 5.7 days. There was no relationship between the levels of HbA1c with hospital stays, inpatient complications, or readmissions. Infections and respiratory diseases were more common conditions related to higher HbA1c levels, especially when these were 8.5%. In diabetic patients with nonsurgical diseases and high HbA1c levels, there was no association with clinical complications, length of stay, readmissions, or in-hospital mortality, but changes in treatment at discharge were observed.

Postprandial lipid profile in young colombian people. A comparison of two breakfasts / Perfil lipídico posprandial en jóvenes colombianos. Una comparación de dos desayunos

El objetivo fue comparar el perfil lipídico posprandial de estudiantes universitarios que ingirieron un desayuno característico de la región andina colombiana, alto en grasas saturadas y bajo en carbohidratos complejos, en comparación con un desayuno experimental con bajo contenido de grasa y alto en carbohidratos complejos; y su relación con medidas antropométricas. 75 estudiantes universitarios consumieron uno de los dos desayunos después de un ayuno de 12 horas. Se realizó un perfil completo de lípidos en ayunas, tres y seis horas después de la ingestión del desayuno. De los 75 pacientes, 11 fueron excluidos, 28 personas consumieron el desayuno experimental y 36 el habitual. No hubo diferencias significativas entre los dos grupos; sin embargo, hubo una tendencia a disminuir los niveles de todos los componentes del perfil lipídico en el desayuno experimental, excepto las lipoproteínas de alta densidad (HDL). El área bajo la curva (AUC) no difirió entre los desayunos. El índice de masa corporal (IMC) y la relación cintura / cadera (WHR) obtuvo una relación inversa con el HDL y una relación directa con las lipoproteínas de baja densidad (LDL). En conclusión, no hubo diferencias en el efecto agudo de ambos desayunos, posiblemente debido a factores como: el tabaquismo, el ejercicio, el estilo de vida sedentario, el tipo de alimento utilizado en la dieta; variables que no fueron discriminadas en este estudio. La principal contribución de este estudio es la descripción del comportamiento a lo largo del tiempo de las variables del perfil lipídico y su relación con las variables antropométricas. Es posible que el efecto de estas dietas sea significativo a largo plazo

The aim was to compare the postprandial lipid profile of university students who ate a regular breakfast of the Colombian Andean region, high in saturated fats and low in complex carbohydrates, compared with an experimental breakfast with low fat content and high in complex carbohydrates and its relation with anthropometric measurements. 75 university students consumed one of the two breakfasts after a 12-hour fast. A complete lipid profile was performed in a fasted state, three and six hours after breakfast ingestion. Of the 75 patients, 11 were withdrawn, 28 people consumed the experimental breakfast and 36 the usual one. There was no significant difference between the two groups; however there was a tendency to decrease the levels of all the components of the lipid profile in the experimental breakfast, except for High density lipoprotein (HDL). The Area under the Curve (AUC) did not show differences between breakfasts. The body mass index (BMI) and the waist / hip ratio (WHR) showed an inverse relationship with HDL and a direct relationship with Low density lipoproteins (LDL). In conclusion, there were not differences in the acute effect of both breakfasts, possibly due to factors such as smoking, exercise, sedentary lifestyle, type of food used in the diet, variables that were not discriminated in this study. The main contribution of this study is the description of the behavior over time of the lipid profile variables and their relationship with the anthropometric variables. It is possible that the effect of these diets is likely to be significant in the long terms