Revisión sistemática de exactitud diagnóstica de la ultrasonografía en el trauma maxilofacial / A systematic review of ultrasound diagnostic accuracy in maxillofacial trauma

Esta revisión sistemática evaluó el rendimiento de la ultrasonografía (US) en el trauma maxilofacial. Dos investigadores independientes realizaron una búsqueda sistemática de artículos sobre US que evaluaron el diagnóstico de fracturas y/o traumatismos maxilofaciales. Se encontraron doce artículos entre los años 2010 y 2022. Cuatro artículos revisaron fracturas de los huesos nasales, cinco artículos fracturas del complejo cigomático, dos artículos fracturas orbitarias, tres artículos fracturas mandibulares y un artículo el hematoma retrobulbar, considerando que un artículo puede revisar más de un tipo de fractura. Todos los estudios fueron de cohortes retrospectivas o prospectivas. Los valores de sensibilidad y especificidad, informados en rangos de mayor y menor sensibilidad y especificidad en todos los estudios incluidos fueron, respectivamente, del 88-100 % y 88-100 % para las fracturas de los huesos nasales, del 88-100 % y 87-100 % para el arco cigomático, del 88-100 % y 100 % para el reborde infraorbitario, del 87 % y 100 % para el piso de la órbita, del 80-100 % y 100 % para la mandíbula y del 95,7 % y 99,7 % para el hematoma retrobulbar. Con cierto riesgo de sesgo en su aplicabilidad según la herramienta QUADAS-2, la US tiene un buen rendimiento en el diagnóstico de las fracturas faciales. Aunque la US no reemplaza a la TC, es útil en el punto de atención para optimizar las decisiones clínicas, siendo especialmente de ayuda en el trauma facial, el trauma nasal aislado y en grupos radiosensibles como niños y mujeres embarazadas. (AU)

This systematic review assessed the performance of ultrasonography (US) in maxillofacial trauma. A systematic search was performed by two independent researchers for articles on US for diagnosing maxillofacial fractures and/or trauma. Twelve articles were found between 2010 and 2022. Four articles reviewed nasal bone fractures, five articles zygomatic complex fractures, two articles orbital fractures, three articles mandibular fractures, and one article retrobulbar hematoma, considering that an article can review more than one type of fracture. All studies were retrospective or prospective cohorts. Sensitivity and specificity values, reported in ranges of highest and lowest sensitivity and specificity in all included studies, respectively, were 88-100 % and 88-100 % for nasal bone fractures, 88-100 % and 87-100 % for zygomatic arch, 88-100 % and 100 % for the infraorbital rim, 87 % and 100 % for the orbital floor, 80-100 % and 100 % for the mandible, and 95.7 % and 99.7 % for retrobulbar hematoma. With a certain risk of bias in its applicability according to the QUADAS-2 tool, US has a good performance in the diagnosis of facial fractures. Although US does not replace CT, it is useful at the point of care to optimize clinical decisions, being especially helpful in facial trauma, isolated nasal trauma, and in radiosensitive groups such as children and pregnant women. (AU)

Perfil epidemiológico de neoplasias epiteliales de glándulas salivales / Epithelial tumors of salivary glands: review of 286 pathology reports

Background:: Epithelial tumors of the salivary glands, including benign tumors and aggressive malignancies with different prognoses, are uncommon. Aim: To describe the frequency and distribution of salivary gland tumors according to age, gender and anatomical location. Material and Methods: Review of pathological reports of salivary gland tumors of a Pathology laboratory at a clinical hospital from 2006 to 2016. Results: Five hundred ninety salivary gland biopsies were reviewed. Of these, 286 (49%) were primary epithelial tumors of the salivary glands. Two hundred thirty (80%) were benign and 56 (20%) were malignant tumors. Regarding location, 274 (96%) were in the major salivary glands, and 12 (4%) in the minor salivary glands. The most common histological types were pleomorphic adenoma for benign tumors in 172 cases, followed by papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum in 33 cases. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor in 14 cases. Conclusions: These results are similar to reports from abroad, however more studies are necessary to be able to establish a more representative and updated analysis.

[Epithelial tumors of salivary glands. Review of 286 pathology reports]. / Perfil epidemiológico de neoplasias epiteliales de glándulas salivales.

BACKGROUND: Epithelial tumors of the salivary glands, including benign tumors and aggressive malignancies with different prognoses, are uncommon. AIM: To describe the frequency and distribution of salivary gland tumors according to age, gender and anatomical location. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Review of pathological reports of salivary gland tumors of a Pathology laboratory at a clinical hospital from 2006 to 2016. RESULTS: Five hundred ninety salivary gland biopsies were reviewed. Of these, 286 (49%) were primary epithelial tumors of the salivary glands. Two hundred thirty (80%) were benign and 56 (20%) were malignant tumors. Regarding location, 274 (96%) were in the major salivary glands, and 12 (4%) in the minor salivary glands. The most common histological types were pleomorphic adenoma for benign tumors in 172 cases, followed by papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum in 33 cases. Mucoepidermoid carcinoma was the most common malignant tumor in 14 cases. CONCLUSIONS: These results are similar to reports from abroad, however more studies are necessary to be able to establish a more representative and updated analysis.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva with extraocular involvement: case report and literature review. / Carcinoma escamoso de la conjuntiva con compromiso extraocular: reporte de caso y revisión de la literatura.

Squamous cell carcinoma of the conjunctiva is the most frequent malignant tumor of the ocular surface. It is a rare disease with an incidence of 0.13 to 1.9 per 100,000 inhabitants, mainly affecting individuals between 50 and 75 years of age. It tends to have a slow, non-aggressive course. Treatment depends on the extent of the tumor. If there is intraocular involvement, enucleation is indicated, and in the presence of extraocular involvement the orbital exenteration is the standard treatment. We report and discuss the case of an 82 year old male patient having a conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma with intra and extraocular involvement, together with a review of the literature.

El carcinoma escamoso de la conjuntiva es el tumor maligno más frecuente de la superficie ocular. Constituye una enfermedad rara con una incidencia de 0,13 a 1,9 por 100 000 habitantes que afecta principalmente a individuos entre los 50 y los 75 años. Suele tener un curso lento y poco agresivo. El tratamiento depende de la extensión tumoral. En presencia de compromiso intraocular la enucleación está indicada y en presencia de compromiso extraocular la exanteración orbitaria es el tratamiento estándar. Reportamos el caso de un paciente de 82 años con carcinoma escamoso conjuntival con compromiso intra y extraocular, se discute el caso y se revisa la literatura.