Can Mindfulness Improve Organizational Citizenship and Innovative Behaviors Through its Impact on Well-Being Among Academics?

Mindfulness has received considerable interest due to its positive outcomes for individuals however our understanding of how it may also result in positive outcomes for organizations is not fully understood. Using data collected from university academics (N = 255) in Northern Cyprus, we examine mindfulness as a factor that leads to Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Innovative Work Behaviors (IWB). We expect that eudaimonic well-being serves as the mechanism that links mindfulness to IWB and OCB. Our results show mindfulness improves eudaimonic well-being. Eudaimonic well-being fully mediates the Mindfulness-IWB relationship and partially mediates the Mindfulness-OCB relationship. Since the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the importance of OCB and IWB for universities, our study has important implications for university managers and policymakers.

Addressing the long- and short-run effects of climate change on major food crops production in Turkey.

This study assessed the long-run (LR) and short-run (SR) impacts of climatic and non-climatic factors, i.e., CO2 emissions (CO2e), average level of temperature (ALT), average level of precipitation (ALP), area harvested of wheat and rice crops (AHW and (AHR), domestic credit (DCR), and agricultural labor (ALB) on wheat and rice production (WP and RP) in Turkey by using annual time series data ranging from 1980 to 2016 and by employing several econometric techniques. The autoregressive distributed lag-bounds (ARDL) approach and the Johansen and Juselius cointegration (JJC) test confirmed a valid long-term connection among underlying variables. The estimation results from the ARDL model reveal that climatic factors such as CO2 emissions and temperature adversely affected wheat production in the long run as well as in the short run, whereas precipitation positively improved wheat production in both periods. Further results indicate that non-climatic factors like area harvested of wheat and domestic credit positively and significantly enhanced wheat production in the long run and short run. Similarly, CO2 emissions also adversely affected rice production in both periods, while temperature and precipitation positively contributed towards rice production in both cases. In addition, area harvested of rice positively and significantly boosted rice production in the long run as well as in the short run, while domestic credit negatively influenced rice production in the long run but in the short run positively improved rice production. Additionally, the outcomes of the VECM Granger Causality for both rice and wheat production confirm that both climatic and non-climatic variables have a strong influence on the production of both crops. This study found that climate change has a deleterious influence on both wheat and rice production; therefore, the study suggests that temperature-resistant varieties of both crops should be developed and introduced by agricultural research institutions. In addition to this, up-to-date information is more needed related to climate change, and in the farming communities, it should be provided by agricultural extension workers.

Evolving time-varying market efficiency of energy stock market.

Energy stocks have become an essential segment of the investment portfolios of both households and institutional investors. This study investigates the dynamic aspect of evolving weak-form efficiency in six energy stock markets: those of the United States (US), Canada, China, Australia, India, and Saudi Arabia. The generalized autoregressive conditionally heteroskedastic in the mean GARCH-M(1,1) method is applied, alongside the state-space time-varying approaches with the Kalman filter estimation, to detect the evolving efficiency for periods ending in November 2019. The empirical results reveal that the studied markets undergo various extents of time-varying efficiency, containing periods of efficiency enhancement as well as periods of deviation from efficiency. Meanwhile, the 2007-2009 global financial crisis and the 2015 changes in the energy sector-in addition to other contemporaneous crises-have a profound influence on the timeline of market efficiency evolution. Overall, all of the markets gradually became more efficient, apart from India's energy market as a result of the current energy crisis in India. Amid the energy markets explored in this study, the US energy market was found to be the most efficient.

Agriculture-induced environmental Kuznets curve: the case of China.

This study investigates the long-run equilibrium relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, real income, energy consumption, and agriculture, thus testing the existence of the agriculture-induced environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis in the case of China for the period of 1971-2014. The level relationship among the variables in the conducted model is confirmed by the bounds test approach under the autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) mechanism. Error correction model under the ARDL mechanism suggests that short-run values of CO2 emissions converge to its long-run equilibrium level by 73.8% speed of adjustment every year by the contribution of energy consumption, real income, and agriculture. ARDL estimation results suggest that real income and energy consumption have a positive, elastic impact; agricultural development has positive, inelastic impact on CO2 emissions where squared real income has a negative and inelastic impact on air pollution. Conditional Granger causality test results reveal that there are unidirectional causalities running from real income, squared real income, energy consumption, and agricultural development in long run as well as in the short run.

An approach to the pollution haven and pollution halo hypotheses in MINT countries.

This study examines the nonlinear relationship between foreign direct investment (FDI) and the ecological footprint (EF), trying to confirm the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). We use a panel data model for MINT (Mexico, Indonesia, Nigeria, and Turkey) countries in the period 1990-2013 and an empirical framework based on the pollution haven hypothesis (PHH). Using the fully modified least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) econometric methodologies, the empirical results confirm an inverted-U relationship between FDI and the ecological footprint. To reinforce our analysis, we check the connection between economic growth and the ecological footprint, validating the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for MINT countries. Finally, we also confirm a negative connection between renewable energy use, the urbanization process, and the changes in the ecological footprint. These findings offer a series of useful recommendations for policymakers, where the promotion of clean industries and energy-efficiency actions are essential for reducing environmental damage in MINT countries. We highlight the viability of the ecological footprint as a first-order environmental indicator whose evolution is determined by demographic fluctuations.

The impact of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy consumption: Empirical analysis of India.

This current study investigates the impact of financial development and economic growth on renewable energy consumption in India. Annual time series data is used to cover the period 1971-2015. A long-run equilibrium relationship is confirmed among the variables of financial development, renewable energy consumption and economic growth by the Maki (2012) cointegration test under five structural breaks in the series. Dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) estimation results suggest statistically significant and positive impacts of economic growth and financial development on renewable energy consumption for the case of India. Moreover, the study applied the Granger causality test under a vector error correction model to estimate the existence and direction of causality between variables. The causality test results suggest that renewable energy consumption and economic growth are financial development driven in the long run and there is a bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and economic growth in India.

Testing the role of tourism development in ecological footprint quality: evidence from top 10 tourist destinations.

The aim of this study is to search the role of tourism development in the environmental quality for the major tourist destination countries. Ecological footprint has been selected as a proxy of environmental quality with this respect while top 10 tourist countries have been selected as samples of the study. Panel estimation results of this study show that the tourism-induced environmental Kuznets curve has been confirmed for these tourist countries which has an inverted U-shape. Tourism development in the selected countries exerts negatively significant effects on the levels of ecological footprints. Thus, this study concludes that tourism development in top tourist countries exert improving effect on the levels of environmental quality.

Testing the agriculture-induced EKC hypothesis: the case of Pakistan.

This study investigates the long-run equilibrium relationship among carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, income growth, energy consumption, and agriculture, thus testing the existence of what we call the agriculture-induced environmental Kuznets' curve (EKC) hypothesis in the case of Pakistan for the period of 1971-2014. The long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables in the conducted model is confirmed by Maki's (EM 29(5), 2011-2015, 2012) co-integration test under multiple structural breaks. Toda-Yamamoto's (JE 66(1):225-250, 1995) causality test results reveal bidirectional causal relationships among gross domestic product (GDP), energy use, agriculture, and CO2 emissions. Fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) results suggest that GDP has elastic positive impacts on CO2 emissions, and energy use and agricultural value added have inelastic positive impacts on CO2 emissions, whereas squared GDP has an inelastic and negative effect on CO2 emissions. This finding confirms the existence of the agriculture-induced EKC hypothesis in Pakistan and can be a guideline for other agrarian developing countries for the creation of effective policies around environmental degradation.

Testing the EKC hypothesis by considering trade openness, urbanization, and financial development: the case of Turkey.

This study investigates the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis for the case of Turkey from 1960 to 2013 by considering energy consumption, trade, urbanization, and financial development variables. Although previous literature examines various aspects of the EKC hypothesis for the case of Turkey, our model augments the basic model with several covariates to develop a better understanding of the relationship among the variables and to refrain from omitted variable bias. The results of the bounds test and the error correction model under autoregressive distributed lag mechanism suggest long-run relationships among the variables as well as proof of the EKC and the scale effect in Turkey. A conditional Granger causality test reveals that there are causal relationships among the variables. Our findings can have policy implications including the imposition of a "polluter pays" mechanism, such as the implementation of a carbon tax for pollution trading, to raise the urban population's awareness about the importance of adopting renewable energy and to support clean, environmentally friendly technology.