[Sex chromatin in oncomorphology]. / Polovoi khromatin v onkomorfologii.

SCr body is a label of repression of one of the sex chromosomes (X chromosome in women or Y chromosome in men) in the interphase nucleus. By the end of the synthesis period these chromosomes undergo derepression since DNA replication occurs. Thus, by the end of the synthetic and in premitotic periods of the cellular cycle the SCr body disappears. In tumors of various locations, a clear-cut inverse proportional dependence between a decrease in the number of nuclei with SCr bodies and an increase in the mitotic index was demonstrated. Therefore, the CSr test is an index of the growth rate (proliferative activity) of the examined tumor. By this test it is possible to determine the degree of the tumor progression, to assess the mitotic activity in small pieces of biopsy materials. The SCr test may be an additional method for differential diagnosis of malignant tumors.

[APUD cells and apudomas]. / APUD-kletki i apudomy.

Synthesis of biologically active amines and peptides, and accumulation of them in the cytoplasm in the form of secretory granules of "neuroendocrine" type are among the most important characteristics of APUD cells. Apudomas, tumors consisting of cells with the properties of APUD elements, have many common morphological and functional features, although they are quite heterogeneous by clinical behavior and histogenesis. Histological diagnosis of apudomas requires the assessment of the endocrine function of the tumor cells for which histochemical and electron microscopic methods must be employed, as well as consideration of the clinical and biochemical indices of the hormonal activity of the tumors.

[Angiomyolipoma of the kidneys]. / Angiomiolipomy pochek.

The histological structure and histogenesis of three renal angiomyolipomas have been studied. Of special interest are peculiar small cells showing all kinds of transition to mature components of angiomyolipoma: fat tissue, smooth muscles, vessels. These cells are referred to as cambial tumor elements, which presumably arise from mature renal tissues of the mesodermal nature through their dedifferentiation. The specific feature of angiolipomas as true tumors is varied differentiation of the tumor cambium that conditions great variety of their histological structure.

[So-called lymphoepithelioma of the lymphoid pharyngeal ring]. / Tak nazyvaemaia limfoépitelioma limfoidnogo glotochnogo kol'tsa.

A retrospective analysis of 43 observations of "lymphoepitheliomas" has shown that in 34 cases this diagnosis was referred to low-differentiated cancer with lymphocytic infiltration, and in 9 cases--to reticulosarcomas (an epitheliod variant). The authors suggest some signs as an adjunct for the differential diagnosis between an epithelioid variant of reticulosarcoma and low-differentiated cancer. It is necessary to exclude lymphocytic epithelioma as an onconosollogical unit, since it does not exist as a double-tissue tumor.

[Follicular lymphoma]. / Follikuliarnaia limfoma.

Follicular lymphoma is regarded as reticulosarcoma in situ. Tumor nodules are represented by neoplastic foci of the tumor tissue. They can show the structure of lymphoblastic, reticulocellular and polymorphocellular reticulosarcoma. The Maximov cambial lymphocyte is assumed to be the most reliable cell source. The Willis teaching on tumor field holds good of the morphogenesis of follicular lymphomas. The problem of the differential diagnosis between follicular lymphomas and follicular reactive hyperplasia is discussed.