Mesenteric sparing approach for advanced nodal extent in small intestinal neuroendocrine tumors. Is there a limit to the vascular resection in order to avoid creating a short small bowel syndrome? An anatomic research study.

PURPOSE: By selectively perfusing the first three jejunal arteries (JA), we aim to assess the individual perfusion length of small bowel (SB) and its impact on nodal resection in stage III-up small-intestinal neuroendocrine tumors (SI-NET). METHODS: Our anatomical research protocol implies a midline laparotomy and three measures of the SB length. We then perform a classical anterior approach of the superior mesenteric vessels. We carry on with the complete dissection and checking of the superior mesenteric artery (SMA) in order to identify the first three JA. Then we selectively perfuse each artery with colored latex solutions and measure the length of small bowel perfused respectively. RESULTS: We conducted our protocol on six cadaveric subjects. Mean(SD) SB length was 413(5.7), 535(13.2), 485(15), 353(25.1), 730(17.3) and 525(16° cm respectively from subject one to six. Most JA originated from the left side of the SMA. The first JA originated from its posterior wall in two subjects. Mean(SD) distance of origin of the first three JA was 4.6(1.3)cm, 6(1.1)cm and 7.1(0.9)cm respectively. Mean(SD) diameter of SMA was 10.8(3.3)mm. Mean diameter of the three first JA was 4(1.4)mm, 4(1.5)mm and 5(1.2)mm respectively. Mean(SD) SB length perfused by first and second JA was 224(14.9)cm, 175(8.6)cm, 238.3(7.6)cm, 84.3(5.1)cm, 233.3(5.8)cm and 218.3(10.4)cm respectively from subject one to six. CONCLUSION: We observed a trend suggesting that the first and second JA may sustain a SB length beyond the viable 1.5 m limit, implying the feasibility of stage III-up SI-NET resection with just two JA.

Danger Zones of the Gluteal Anatomy: Improving the Safety Profile of the Gluteal Fat Grafting.

INTRODUCTION: Knowledge of the vascular anatomy is critical to performing safe gluteal surgery. To date, only the course of the main blood vessels within the muscles has been outlined. These findings are based on MRI and CTA images that do not conform to a topographically standardized and normalized probability distribution. OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to develop a three-dimensional mapping of the gluteal zones of high vascular density in relation to anatomical landmarks. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This single-center retrospective cohort analysis comprised all consecutive patients who underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans between January 2016 and October 2021. The location of blood vessels in the gluteal region was allometrically normalized in relation to anatomical landmarks. Moreover, the caliber and area of the blood vessels were assessed. RESULTS: CBCT scans of 32 patients with an average age of 64 ± 12 years (range 34-87 years) were included. Fifty-three percent were female. The median [IQR] caliber of the intramuscular gluteal vessels was 1.47 [1.15-1.88] mm, significantly greater than that of the subcutaneous vessels 1.09 [0.72-1.44] mm (p < 0.001). Vascular density was higher intramuscularly, as 4.5% of the area of the muscle was occupied by blood vessels, as opposed to 0.3% in the adipose tissue. CONCLUSION: The analysis of the CBCT scans showed a higher vascular density and larger vessels intramuscularly. We, therefore, recommend the injection of autologous fat merely to the subcutaneous plane. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE II: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Current Concepts in Early Mobilization of Critically Ill Patients Within the Context of Neurologic Pathology.

Neurocritical patients (NCPs) in the intensive care unit (ICU) rapidly progress to respiratory and peripheral muscle dysfunctions, which significantly impact morbidity and death. Early mobilization in NCPs to decrease the incidence of ICU-acquired weakness has been showing rapid growth, although pertinent literature is still scarce. With this review, we summarize and discuss current concepts in early mobilization of critically ill patients within the context of neurologic pathology in NCPs. A narrative synthesis of literature was undertaken trying to answer the following questions: How do the respiratory and musculoskeletal systems in NCPs behave? Which metabolic biomarkers influence physiological responses in NCPs? Which considerations should be taken when prescribing exercises in neurocritically ill patients? The present review detected safety, feasibility, and beneficial response for early mobilization in NCPs, given successes in other critically ill populations and many smaller intervention trials in neurocritical care. However, precautions should be taken to elect the patient for early care, as well as monitoring signs that indicate interruption for intervention, as worse outcomes were associated with very early mobilization in acute stroke trials.

Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS) Pathways for Aesthetic Breast Surgery: A Prospective Cohort Study on Patient-Reported Outcomes.

BACKGROUND: Patients' expectations of an anticipated timeline of recovery and fear of anesthesia in aesthetic breast surgery have not been studied. OBJECTIVE: This study aims to assess patient anxiety, expectations, and satisfaction after Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways for aesthetic breast surgery and the progress of postoperative recovery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: All consecutive patients who underwent aesthetic breast surgery between April 2021 and August 2022 were included in this single-center prospective cohort study. The ERAS protocol consists of more than 20 individual measures in the pre-, intra-, and postoperative period. Epidemiological data, expectations, and recovery were systematically assessed with standardized self-assessment questionnaires, including the International Pain Outcome Questionnaire (IPO), the BREAST-Q or BODY-Q, and data collection forms. RESULTS: In total, 48 patients with a median of 30 years of age were included. Patients returned to most daily activities within 5 days. Eighty-eight percent of patients were able to accomplish daily activities sooner than expected. The time of return to normal daily activities was similar across all procedure types. There was no statistically significant difference regarding postoperative satisfaction between patients who recovered slower (12%) and patients who recovered as fast or faster (88%) than anticipated (p=0.180). Patients reporting fear of anesthesia in the form of conscious sedation significantly diminished from 17 to 4% postoperatively (p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) pathways for aesthetic breast surgery are associated with rapid recovery and high patient satisfaction. This survey study provides valuable insight into patients' concerns and perspectives that may be implemented in patient education and consultations to improve patient satisfaction following aesthetic treatments. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

Is rating of perceived exertion a valid method for monitoring exergaming intensity in type-1 diabetics? A cross-sectional randomized trial.

AIMS: The rating of perceived exertion (RPE) provides correlations with physiological measurements of exercise intensity, including metabolic equivalent (MET), oxygen consumption (V˙O2), and heart rate (HR), in real (RS) and virtual (VS) sessions. To use RPE in patients with pathology, we aimed to examine the concurrent validity of RPE in type-1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients while exergaming. METHODS: Ten T1DM patients performed two 30-min crossover sessions of moderate-intensity exercise (washout 72-196 h). The RS group performed running, and the VS group played the Kinect Adventures! video game. METs were measured by a direct gas analyzer during the sessions, and RPE was measured on the 6 - 20 point Borg scale after the sessions. RESULTS: RS and VS showed similar RPE (13.2 ± 2.7 vs. 14.2 ± 2.4) and MET (4.6 ± 1.1 vs. 4.0 ± 0.8) values (p > 0.05). RPE vs. MET correlation-coefficients were large in RS (r = 0.64; R2 = 41; p = 0.04) and were moderate in VS (r = 0.42; R2 = 18; p = 0.22). Additionally, RS secondary values (V˙O2 and HR vs. RPE) showed high coefficients (V˙O2-r = 0.62; average HRr = 0.62; maximal HRr = 0.50, p < 0.05). VS secondary values, on the other hand, showed low-moderate coefficients (V˙O2-r = 0.42; average HRr = 0.23; maximal HRr = 0.21, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: The current validation showed that RPE may not be a valid and strong method for T1DM patients while exergaming. Healthcare professionals should cautiously use the 6 - 20 point RPE scale in pathological patients, specifically in T1DM while exergaming.

Quantification of Facial Fat Compartment Variations: A Three-Dimensional Morphometric Analysis of the Cheek.

BACKGROUND: Cheek contour is a main determinant of facial attractiveness. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) and cheek fat volume in a large cohort to better understand and treat facial aging. METHODS: The authors performed a retrospective review of the archives of the Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital of Tübingen. Epidemiologic data and medical history were assessed. Cheek superficial and deep fat compartment volumes were measured on magnetic resonance images. Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS and SAS statistical software. RESULTS: A total of 87 patients with a mean age of 46 years (range, 18 to 81 years) were included. The superficial and deep fat compartment volumes of the cheek increased with BMI ( P < 0.001 and P = 0.005), but there was no significant relationship between age and volume. The ratio of superficial versus deep fat did not change with age. No significant difference of the superficial or deep fat compartments was found between men and women in a regression analysis ( P = 0.931 and P = 0.057). CONCLUSIONS: Cheek fat volume measurements on magnetic resonance imaging scans using reconstruction software suggest that the fat volume of the cheek increases with BMI but does not change significantly with age. Further studies are needed to elucidate the role of age-related changes of bone structures or sagging of the fat compartments.

Enhanced Recovery After Aesthetic Breast Surgery Under Sedation, Intercostal Block and Tumescent Anaesthesia: A Prospective Cohort Study of the Early Postoperative Phase.

BACKGROUND: Comfort and recovery are major concerns of patients seeking aesthetic surgery. This study aimed to assess postoperative pain and recovery after outpatient breast surgery under sedation, intercostal block, and local anaesthesia. METHODS: This prospective cohort study included all consecutive patients who underwent aesthetic breast surgery between April 2021 and August 2022. Epidemiological data, anaesthesia, pain, and patients' satisfaction were systematically assessed with standardized self-assessment questionnaires. RESULTS: Altogether, 48 patients [median (IQR) age: 30 (36-25)] were included. The most frequent surgery was mastopexy. 69% of surgeries involved additional procedures. The mean intercostal block and local anaesthesia time was 15 min. Patients received a median (IQR) of 19 (34-2) mg/kg lidocaine and 2.3 (2.5-2.0) mg/kg ropivacaine. The median (IQR) consumption of propofol and alfentanil was, respectively, 4.89 (5.48-4.26) mg/kg/h and 0.27 (0.39-0.19) µg/kg/min. No conversion to general anaesthesia or unplanned hospital admission occurred. Patients were discharged after a median (IQR) of 2:40 (3:43-1:58) hours. Within the first 24 postoperative hours, 17% required once an antiemetic medication and 38% an opioid. Patients were very satisfied with the anaesthesia and 90% of the patients had not wished more analgesia in the first 24 h. CONCLUSIONS: Aesthetic breast surgery under sedation, intercostal block, and tumescent anaesthesia can safely be performed as an ambulatory procedure and is associated with minimal intra- and postoperative opioid consumption and high patient satisfaction. These data may be used to inform patients and clinicians and improve the overall quality of care. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE IV: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .

The 2019 northeast Brazil oil spill: scenarios.

During the last quarter of 2019, the beaches, mangroves, and estuaries of Northeast Brazil received an unprecedented volume of crude oil from the sea, which became the worst environmental disaster ever to reach the Brazilian coast. The oil, having reached the shores completely unnoticed, left both society and government agents completely clueless on (i) where the oil was coming from; (ii) how much oil was still in the ocean to reach the shorelines; and (iii) which beaches were going to be affected next! By exploring remote sensing data and ocean numerical modeling, along with oil dispersion chemistry on sea water, this study investigates the possible origin and path of the spill and whether it could have been detected from space. The oil dispersion modeling simulations performed for this investigation revealed a possible region and timing of the oil spill, also indicating the likelihood of it being advected toward the shoreline under the ocean surface.

Prediction of ground vibrations induced by rail traffic in Lisbon urban area.

The possibility of introducing high-speed trains in Portugal will challenge the regular train circulation of existing railways tracks. To carry this traffic, improvements and maintenance programmes will be intensified together with the evaluation of the railway performance and its consequences on neighbourhood structures, including the execution of several vibration measurement tests. One of them was performed in Lisbon's urban area for measure of ground-borne vibration due to the train traffic. It was used to develop an efficient numerical model, which allowed to study the influence of introducing high-speed vehicles on the generation and propagation of vibrations through the free field and the impact on the wayside buildings. To access the effect of introducing such trains in the existing tracks, three bi-dimensional numerical models for each measurement profile were developed. Numerical models were calibrated using the monitoring records. Then, new simulations were performed with Thalys HST train allowing to conclude that the introduction of high-speed trains will not lead to an increase of level of vibrations, for the adopted traffic conditions.

Intervenção fisioterapêutica sobre a força de preensão manual e capacidade funcional em pacientes pós-COVID-19 / Physiotherapeutic intervention on handgrip strength and functional capacity in postCOVID-19 patients / Intervención fisioterapéutica sobre la fuerza de agarre manual y capacidad funcional en pacientes post-COVID-19

Objetivo: analisar os efeitos da intervenção fisioterapêutica na força de preensão manual e na capacidade funcional em pacientes pós-COVID-19. Método: estudo de coorte retrospectivo, realizado em prontuários de pacientes pós-COVID-19 atendidos em na clínica escola do curso de fisioterapia na Universidade de Passo Fundo, entre março e novembro de 2021. Valores relacionados a dinamometria manual e ao teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6min) foram extraídos antes e após a reabilitação cardiopulmonar. Resultado: foram analisados 16 pacientes, com idade média de 49,81±13,79 anos. Após a intervenção, houve aumento significativo nos valores da dinamometria manual nas mulheres (mão direita p=0,014; mão esquerda p=0,041) e nos homens (mão direita p=0,008; mão esquerda p=0,007), assim como, no TC6min (p=0,033). Houve diferença entre o valor pré-intervenção do TC6min e o valor previsto do TC6min (p=0,006). Esta diferença não foi observada na comparação entre o valor pósintervenção do TC6min e o valor previsto do TC6min (p=0,073). Conclusão: os participantes apresentam comprometimento da força de preensão manual e da capacidade funcional, sendo que a intervenção fisioterapêutica pode melhorar esses aspectos.

Objective: to analyze the effects of physiotherapeutic intervention on handgrip strength and functional capacity in post-COVID-19 patients. Method: retrospective cohort study, carried out in medical records of post-COVID-19 patients treated at the school clinic of the physiotherapy course at the University of Passo Fundo, between March and November 2021. Values related to manual dynamometry and the six-minute walk test (6MWT) were extracted before and after cardiopulmonary rehabilitation. Results: 16 patients were analyzed, with a mean age of 49.81±13.79 years. After the intervention, there was a significant increase in the values of manual dynamometry in women (right hand p=0.014; left hand p=0.041) and in men (right hand p=0.008; left hand p=0.007), as well as in the 6MWT ( p=0.033). There was a difference between the pre-intervention value of the 6MWT and the predicted value of the 6MWT (p=0.006). This difference was not observed in the comparison between the post-intervention value of the 6MWT and the predicted value of the 6MWT (p=0.073). Conclusion: participants have compromised handgrip strength and functional capacity, and physical therapy intervention can improve these aspects.

Objetivo: analizar los efectos de intervención fisioterapéutica sobre la fuerza de agarre manual y capacidad funcional en pacientes post-COVID-19. Método: estudio de cohorte retrospectivo, realizado en prontuarios de pacientes post-COVID-19 atendidos en la clínica escolar del curso de fisioterapia de la Universidad de Passo Fundo, entre marzo y noviembre de 2021. Valores relacionados con la dinamometría manual y el reloj de seis minutos la prueba de marcha (6MWT) se extrajo antes y después de la rehabilitación cardiopulmonar. Resultados: se analizaron 16 pacientes, con una edad media de 49,81±13,79 años. Después de la intervención, hubo un aumento significativo en los valores de la dinamometría manual en mujeres (mano derecha p=0,014; mano izquierda p=0,041) y en hombres (mano derecha p=0,008; mano izquierda p=0,007), así así como en el PM6M (p=0,033). Hubo una diferencia entre el valor previo a la intervención de la 6MWT y el valor predicho de la 6MWT (p = 0,006). Esta diferencia no se observó en la comparación entre el valor postintervención de la 6MWT y el valor predicho de la 6MWT (p=0,073). Conclusión: los participantes han comprometido la fuerza de prensión manual y la capacidad funcional, y la intervención de fisioterapia puede mejorar estos aspectos.

Skin graft associated with platelet-rich plasma in correcting extensive injuries resulting from the resection of skin cancer chemically induced in rats.

PURPOSE: To evaluate whether using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) in the graft recipient bed after the resection of a neoplasia can influence its recurrence because this product stimulates angiogenesis, mitogenesis and chemotaxis. METHODS: A study with 30 rats Wistar (Rattus norvegicus albinus), which were separated into group A (induction of carcinogenesis, PRP in the postoperative period) and group B (induction of carcinogenesis, absence of PRP in the postoperative period), with 15 animals in each. Carcinogenesis was induced on the skin of the animals' chest by the topical application of 0.5% dimethylbenzantracene (DMBA) diluted in acetone. After surgical resection of the induced neoplasia, PRP was used to stimulate angiogenesis before surgical wound synthesis. Data on the control and experimental groups and macroscopic and microscopic variables were evaluated using analysis of variance and the Tukey's test (5%). RESULTS: It was possible to determine that the use of PRP is good in reconstructive surgeries, but it is contraindicated in patients during tumor resection, as it can cause changes in the surgical bed, in addition to stimulating recurrences and metastases. CONCLUSIONS: PRP may interact with tumour cells that were in the recipient site of the surgical wound during the resection of a neoplasia, and a local recurrence process can be triggered by applying this product.

Do estimated metabolic equivalent and energy expenditure verify the physical effort of type-1 diabetics in resting and exercise situations? A randomized crossover trial / O equivalente metabólico estimado e o gasto energético verificam o esforço físico de diabéticos tipo 1 em repouso e exercícios? Um ensaio cruzado randomizado / ¿El equivalente metabólico y el gasto energético estimados verifican el esfuerzo físico de los diabéticos tipo 1 en situaciones de reposo y ejercicio? Un ensayo cruzado aleatorio

ABSTRACT To compare measured and estimated metabolic equivalent (MET) and energy expenditure (EE) in different situations with Type-1 diabetes (T1DM) patients. Ten T1DM patients performed three 30-minute sessions (resting, running-RS, and exergame-VS) at moderate intensity. MET and EE were measured by direct gas analyzer and estimated using the formula applying heart rate and V̇02peak. MET values (measured vs. estimated) were statistically different during RS (4.58±1.11 vs.7.59±1.36) and VS (3.98± 0.84 vs. 5.77±0.84) (p<0.001). EE values were similar: RS (147±43 vs. 246±157) and VS (129±33 vs. 184±20) (p<0.001). The error between the methods: 0.41, 1.51, and 1.07 METs and 20.1, 51.5, and 32.5 Kcals for resting, RS, and VS. Estimation could be used in resting and with caution for RS and VS.

RESUMO Comparar o equivalente metabólico (MET) medido e estimado e o gasto energético (EE) em diferentes situações em pacientes com diabetes tipo 1 (DM1). Dez DM1 realizaram três sessões de 30 minutos (Repouso, Corrida-RS e Exergame-VS) em intensidade moderada. MET e EE foram medidos por um analisador direto de gases e estimados pela fórmula usando frequência cardíaca e V̇02pico. Valores MET (medidos vs. estimados) foram estatisticamente diferentes durante o RS (4,58±1,11 vs. 7,59±1,36) e o VS (3,98±0,84 vs. 5,77±0,84) (p<0,001). Semelhante em EE: RS (147±43 vs. 246±157) e VS (129±33 vs. 184±20) (p<0,001). O erro entre os métodos: 0,41, 1,51 e 1,07 MET e 20,1, 51,5 e 32,5 Kcal para Repouso, RS e VS. A estimativa pode ser usada em repouso e com cuidado durante RS e VS.

RESUMEN Comparar el equivalente metabólico (MET)y gasto energético (EE) medido y estimado en diferentes situaciones en diabeticos tipo-1 (T1DM). Diez T1DM realizaron tres sesiones de 30 minutos (Descanso, Running-RS y Exergame-VS) en intensidad moderada. El MET y EE se midieron con un analizador de gases y se calcularon con fórmula utilizando la frecuencia cardíaca y VO2pico. Valores MET (medidos frente a estimados) eran estadísticamente diferentes durante RS (4,58±1,11 vs 7,59±1,36) y VS (3,98±0,84 vs 5,77±0,84) (p<0,001). Similar en EE: RS (147±43 vs 246±157) y VS (129±33 vs 184±20) (p<0,001). El error entre los métodos: 0.41, 1.51 y 1.07 MET y 20.1, 51.5 y 32.5 Kcal para Reposo, RS y VS. La estimación podría usarse en reposo y con cuidado durante RS y VS.

Simulation and Validation of Porosity and Permeability of Synthetic and Real Rock Models Using Three-Dimensional Printing and Digital Rock Physics.

A standard digital rock physics workflow aims to simulate petrophysical properties of rock samples using few millimeter size subsets scanned with X-ray microtomography at a high resolution of around 1 µm. The workflow is mainly based on image analysis and simulation procedures at a subset scale leading to potential uncertainties and errors that cannot be quantified experimentally. To overcome the gap between scales, we propose to integrate three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to generate enlarged subsets at a scale where experimental measurements are feasible to validate simulated results. In this study, we 3D printed synthetic and real samples and compared digital and experimental rock properties. The most challenging phase in the workflow consists of the difficulties encountered while cleaning the 3D printed samples to remove the support material. Results for subsets extracted from synthetic, sandstone, and carbonate samples showed good agreement between digital and experimental measurements for porosity values less than 12% and a range of permeability values between 100 and 2000 mD.

Associação entre funções executivas, antropometria e aptidão física de escolares / Association between executive function, anthropometry and physical fitness of school students

A aptidão física e parâmetros antropométricos têm sido associados ao aproveitamento acadêmico e melhoria da função cognitiva. Neste sentido, o objetivo do presente estudo foi de associar a função executiva, antropometria e aptidão física de escolares com idades entre 11 e 15 anos. Para tanto, 179 estudantes (85 meninas e 94 meninos) (13,18 ± 1,26 anos; 49,73 ± 12,30 kg; 159,21 ± 9,40 cm; 19,46 ± 3,79 kg/m²) foram submetidos a mensurações antropométricas (massa corporal, estatura e circunferência da cintura, com posterior cálculo de índice de massa corporal e relação cintura-estatura), realizaram dois testes cognitivos (Teste de Stroop e Teste de Trilhas) e realizaram uma bateria de testes físicos (PROESP-BR). Os dados foram analisados no SPSS versão 22.0 por meio de estatística descritiva e Correlação de Spearman. O nível de significância adotado foi de p<0,05. Os resultados indicaram que a maior parte dos escolares apresentou baixo desempenho nos testes de aptidão física. Nenhuma associação significativa foi encontrada entre as variáveis antropométricas e o tempo para completar os testes cognitivos. Por outro lado, correlações significativas negativas foram observadas na associação entre os testes de aptidão física e os testes cognitivos, indicando que participantes com melhor aptidão física necessitam de menos tempo para completar os testes cognitivos. Conclui-se que escolares com idades entre 11 e 15 anos apresentam baixa aptidão física. Ademais, foram observadas correlações negativas significativas entre a aptidão física e o tempo para completar os testes cognitivos.

Physical fitness and body composition parameters have been associated with academic performance and improved cognitive function. Thus, the aim of the present study was to associate executive function, anthropometry and physical fitness of students aged 11 to 15 years. In order to do so, 179 participants (85 girls and 94 boys) (13.18 ± 1.26 years; 49.76 ± 12.30 kg; 159.21 ± 9.40 cm; 19.46 ± 3.79 kg/m²) underwent anthropometric measurements (body mass, stature and waist circumference. Body mass index and waist-to-height ratio were also calculated), performed two cognitive tests (Stroop test and Trail making test) and performed physical fitness tests (PROESP-BR). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Spearman's Correlation. The level of significance adopted was p<0.05. Results showed that the majority of the participants presented a weak performance in the physical fitness tests. No statistically significant associations were found between anthropometric indicators and time to complete the cognitive tests. However, significantly negative correlations occurred when associating the physical tests with the cognitive tests, indicating that students with better physical fitness need less time to complete the cognitive tests. School students aged 11 to 15 years presented low physical fitness. Moreover, negatively statistically significant correlations were found between the physical fitness tests and time to complete the cognitive tests.

Sex-related glycemic changes after intensity- and duration- matched aerobic and strength exercise sessions in type 1 diabetes: A randomized cross-sectional study.

PURPOSE: This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate sex-related glycemic, cardiovascular, and enjoyment responses after intensity-(moderate) and duration-(30 min) matched aerobic (AE) and strength exercises sessions (SE) in type 1 diabetic (T1DM) patients. METHODS: Twelve volunteers performed randomly three exercise sessions: AE, strength exercises A (SEA) and B (SEB). Heart rate, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, double product (DP) and capillary blood glucose (BG) levels were measured pre (PRE), immediately (POST-0) and 20 min (POST-20) after each exercise session. Rating of perceived exertion and enjoyment level were also measured. A generalized mixed model was used to verify responses over time (p < 0.05). Effect size (ES) was also calculated. RESULTS: Men shown reduced BG levels (POST-0 and POST-20), besides presenting lower values than women in both time points after AE. BG was found reduced POST-0 (SEA and SEB) and POST-20 (SEA) in men, and POST-0 and POST-20 min (SEA) in women compared to PRE (ES was moderate, large or very large), without causing hypoglycemic episodes. However, no differences between sexes were seen concerning strength sessions. Cardiovascular parameters and enjoyment levels were similar between exercise sessions. CONCLUSIONS: When aerobic and strength exercise sessions are intensity- and duration-matched, lower glucose levels are seen in men after AE, but similar values are found regarding SE. These findings suggest that sex-specific recommendations may be considered when prescribing exercise for T1DM patients.

Glycemic safety of a maximum aerobic test in type 1 diabetics and their correlation with health parameters / Segurança glicêmica de um teste aeróbico máximo em pessoas com diabetes tipo 1 e sua correlação com parâmetros de saúde

To verify the glycemic safety of a maximal cardiorespiratory test (V̇ O2max) in T1DM patients and correlate the maximum cardiorespiratory values with metabolic control parameters such as glycemia, glycated hemoglobin, time of diagnosis (TD), and fat (body [GC] and visceral [GV]). The cross-sectional study evaluated ten T1DM patients (age 24.9 ± 7.5 years; time of diagnosis 11.5 ± 7.4; body mass index 22 ± 2 kg/m2 ). Metabolic glycemic control variables (before and after), glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), time since diagnosis and total and visceral fat were collected. The CENESP maximum test protocol was used on the treadmill with direct maximal oxygen uptake (V̇ O2max). Normality test, paired t-test and correlations (p <0.05) were performed. In the results, blood glucose pre 189 ± 67 mg/dL vs. post 172 ± 66 mg/dL (p = 0.140). The V̇ O2max with a regular average score for men and women (37.4 ± 6.6 ml.kg.min-1). There was a negative and almost perfect correlation with TD, GC and GV (p = 0.028, p <0.000, and p <0.000). We conclude that is possible to perform a CENESP maximal with glycemic safe in T1DM. However, TD, GC, and GV negatively interfere with cardiorespiratory fitness and should be verified before the test. (AU)

Verificar a segurança glicêmica de um teste cardiorrespiratório máximo (V̇ O2max) em pacientes com diabetes mellitus tipo 1 (DM1) e correlacionar os valores com parâmetros de controle metabólico como glicemia, hemoglobina glicada, tempo de diagnóstico (DT) e gordura (corporal[GC] e visceral[GV]). O estudo transversal avaliou dez DM1 (idade 24,9 ± 7,5 anos; tempo de diagnóstico 11,5 ± 7,4; índice de massa corporal 22 ± 2 kg/m2). Foram coletadas variáveis de controle glicêmico metabólico (antes e depois), hemoglobina glicada (HbA1c), tempo de diagnóstico e gordura total e visceral. O protocolo de teste máximo do CENESP foi utilizado na esteira com consumo máximo direto de oxigênio (V̇ O2max). Teste de normalidade, teste t pareado e correlações (p<0,05) foram realizados. Nos resultados, glicemia pré 189 ± 67 mg/dL vs. pós 172 ± 66 mg/dL (p = 0,140). O V̇ O2max com pontuação média regular para homens e mulheres (37,4 ± 6,6 ml.kg.min-1). Houve correlação negativa e quase perfeita com DT, GC e GV (p = 0,028; p < 0,000 e p < 0,000). Concluímos que é possível realizar um CENESP máximo com segurança glicêmica no DM1. No entanto, DT, GC e GV interferem negativamente na aptidão cardiorrespiratória e devem ser verificados antes do teste.

Cardiovascular and Enjoyment Comparisons after Active Videogame and Running in Type 1 Diabetes Patients: A Randomized Crossover Trial.

Background: Active videogames (AVGs) have been primarily studied in healthy individuals. To use the technology in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients, cardiovascular and enjoyment responses should be studied and compared with traditional exercises. Objective: To compare the effects of AVG and running exercises on cardiovascular and enjoyment responses in T1DM patients. Methods: Cardiovascular (heart rate, HR; blood pressure, BP; double product, DP; vessel diameter, VD; % endothelial function, %EF) and enjoyment levels were recorded during 3 weeks and twice per week. On the first day, patients completed baseline assessments, familiarization, and a 30-minute control session. On the second day and after 24 hours, the measurements were repeated. Patients repeated the same protocol in the second and third weeks and performed randomized active sessions. Results: T1DM patients had similar cardiovascular responses during active exercises without significant postexercise hypotension to HR, BP, and DP over time. However, VD and %EF values were higher in AVG, followed by running and rest, 30 minutes and after 24 hours (VD-AVG: 39.6 ± 9.5, 48.8 ± 12.3 and 56.6 ± 13.9 mm; VD-running: 41.5 ± 9.9, 47.4 ± 10.1 and 46.4 ± 12.4 mm; %EF-AVG: 9.6 ± 8.5, 29.6 ± 17.1 and 45.4 ± 25.9%; %EF-running: 7.3 ± 9.4, 14.8 ± 14.1 and 26.8 ± 18.9%, p < 0.05). Enjoyment was also higher in AVG compared with the running session (9.4 ± 0.7 vs. 7.7 ± 1.6; p < 0.05). Conclusions: AVG presented similar cardiovascular responses to running with higher endothelial and enjoyment levels.

Biomechanical and histological data from abdominal aortas harvested in autopsy.

This data article describes biomechanical and histological information of abdominal aortas harvested in autopsy. Eight abdominal aorta aneurysms (AAA) and 30 normal diameter abdominal aortas were collected and submitted to an inflation test up to their rupture. This inflation procedure was part of the research entitled "Experimental study of rupture pressure and elasticity of abdominal aortic aneurysms found at autopsy", submitted to Annals of Vascular Surgery. The rupture borders and control samples (harvested from places other than the rupture site) were submitted to uniaxial destructive tensile test and to histological analysis. The following variables were evaluated in the biomechanical test: failure stress, failure tension and failure strain. The histological processing of the samples enabled a quantitative analysis of the percentage of coverage of collagen fibers and elastic fibers in the samples. The present data could be reutilized because they are experimental evidence that cadaveric abdominal aortas, even when previously stressed by inflation, conserve significant resistance against tearing comparable to no previously stressed aortas described in the literature. Considering real whole cadaveric AAAs are especially scarce, this information would be a useful reference source for further in-depth research in the aortic biomechanics field.

Nível de atividade física, tempo de tela e duração do sono de acordo com dados sociodemográficos de escolares / Physical activity level, screen time and sleep duration according to sociodemographic data of students

Este estudo teve como objetivo comparar os níveis de atividade física (NAF), duração de sono e tempo de tela conforme fatores sociodemográficos de 95 adolescentes da faixa etária entre 14 e 18 anos. Os adolescentes responderam questionário sociodemográfico, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents e questões de autorrelato sobre o tempo de tela e duração do sono. Foi aplicado o Teste U de Mann-Whitney. Observou-se que 80% dos escolares não atendem às recomendações de atividade física, 54,7%, de horas de sono, e 77,9%, de tempo de tela. O sexo masculino apresentou maior NAF, escolares do turno vespertino tiveram mais horas de sono nos dias úteis e entre participantes com maior renda houve maior tempo de tela e menos horas de sono nos dias úteis. Concluiu-se que os fatores sociodemográficos como sexo, turno de estudo e renda mensal influenciam o NAF, a duração do sono e o tempo de tela de escolares.

This study aimed to compare physical activity levels, sleep duration and screen time with sociodemographic factors in adolescents in 95 students aged between 14 and 18 years. Adolescents answered sociodemographic questionnaire, Physical Activity Questionnaire for Adolescents and self-reported questions about screen time and sleep duration. The Mann-Whitney U Test was applied. It was observed that 80% of the adolescents did not follow the recommendations for physical activity levels, 54.7% for sleep duration, and 77.9% for screen time. Males presented higher physical activity levels than girls, students attending the afternoon shift presented more sleeping hours on weekdays and participants with higher family income showed higher screen time and lower sleep duration on weekdays. It was concluded that from the studied adolescents, sociodemographic factors such as sex, study shift and family income influence physical activity levels, sleep duration and screen time of students.