Algorithmic assessment of shoulder function using smartphone video capture and machine learning.

Tears within the stabilizing muscles of the shoulder, known as the rotator cuff (RC), are the most common cause of shoulder pain-often presenting in older patients and requiring expensive advanced imaging for diagnosis. Despite the high prevalence of RC tears within the elderly population, there is no previously published work examining shoulder kinematics using markerless motion capture in the context of shoulder injury. Here we show that a simple string pulling behavior task, where subjects pull a string using hand-over-hand motions, provides a reliable readout of shoulder mobility across animals and humans. We find that both mice and humans with RC tears exhibit decreased movement amplitude, prolonged movement time, and quantitative changes in waveform shape during string pulling task performance. In rodents, we further note the degradation of low dimensional, temporally coordinated movements after injury. Furthermore, a logistic regression model built on our biomarker ensemble succeeds in classifying human patients as having a RC tear with > 90% accuracy. Our results demonstrate how a combined framework bridging animal models, motion capture, convolutional neural networks, and algorithmic assessment of movement quality enables future research into the development of smartphone-based, at-home diagnostic tests for shoulder injury.

A Tool for Low-Cost, Quantitative Assessment of Shoulder Function Using Machine Learning.

Tears within the stabilizing muscles of the shoulder, known as the rotator cuff (RC), are the most common cause of shoulder pain-often presenting in older patients and requiring expensive, advanced imaging for diagnosis1-4. Despite the high prevalence of RC tears within the elderly population, there are no accessible and low-cost methods to assess shoulder function which can eschew the barrier of an in-person physical exam or imaging study. Here we show that a simple string pulling behavior task, where subjects pull a string using hand-over-hand motions, provides a reliable readout of shoulder health across animals and humans. We find that both mice and humans with RC tears exhibit decreased movement amplitude, prolonged movement time, and quantitative changes in waveform shape during string pulling task performance. In rodents, we further note the degradation of low dimensional, temporally coordinated movements after injury. Furthermore, a predictive model built on our biomarker ensemble succeeds in classifying human patients as having a RC tear with >90% accuracy. Our results demonstrate how a combined framework bridging task kinematics, machine learning, and algorithmic assessment of movement quality enables future development of smartphone-based, at-home diagnostic tests for shoulder injury.

Spontaneous low frequency BOLD signal variations from resting-state fMRI are decreased in Alzheimer disease.

Previous studies have demonstrated altered brain activity in Alzheimer's disease using task based functional MRI (fMRI), network based resting-state fMRI, and glucose metabolism from 18F fluorodeoxyglucose-PET (FDG-PET). Our goal was to define a novel indicator of neuronal activity based on a first-order textural feature of the resting state functional MRI (RS-fMRI) signal. Furthermore, we examined the association between this neuronal activity metric and glucose metabolism from 18F FDG-PET. We studied 15 normal elderly controls (NEC) and 15 probable Alzheimer disease (AD) subjects from the AD Neuroimaging Initiative. An independent component analysis was applied to the RS-fMRI, followed by template matching to identify neuronal components (NC). A regional brain activity measurement was constructed based on the variation of the RS-fMRI signal of these NC. The standardized glucose uptake values of several brain regions relative to the cerebellum (SUVR) were measured from partial volume corrected FDG-PET images. Comparing the AD and NEC groups, the mean brain activity metric was significantly lower in the accumbens, while the glucose SUVR was significantly lower in the amygdala and hippocampus. The RS-fMRI brain activity metric was positively correlated with cognitive measures and amyloid ß1-42 cerebral spinal fluid levels; however, these did not remain significant following Bonferroni correction. There was a significant linear correlation between the brain activity metric and the glucose SUVR measurements. This proof of concept study demonstrates that this novel and easy to implement RS-fMRI brain activity metric can differentiate a group of healthy elderly controls from a group of people with AD.

Efectos de anéstesicos locales en el dolor postoperatorio en la cirugía de los terceros molares inferiores incluidos / No disponible

Se realizó un estudio comparativo en una muestra de 120 pacientes, para valorar el posible efecto de dos anestésicos, en el dolor postoperatorio de las intervenciones de cordales inferiores incluidos. La mitad de la población intervenida fue anestesiada con articaína y la otra mitad con lidocaína. A cada paciente se le rellenó una ficha estudiándose el tiempo de latencia, duración y profundidad del anestésico empleado, así como el número de analgésicos tomados el día de la intervención. Los resultados obtenidos fueron: Tiempo de Latencia de 1 minuto 21 segundos con lidocaína frente a 59 segundos con articaína. Profundidad de la Anestesia de 2 horas 8 minutos con lidocaína frente a 3 horas 8 minutos con articaína. Duración de la Anestesia de 3 horas 38 minutos con lidocaína frente a 3 horas 55segundos con articaína. No se encontraron diferencias significativas en el número de analgésicos tomados por los pacientes de los dos grupos (AU)

A comparative study of a sample of 120 patients was carried out, to calculate the possible effect of two an aesthetics in the postoperative pain after surgical removal of lower third molars. These patients were separated in two groups at random: a lidocaine group and an articaine group. A record card to each patient was filled in with the latency time, depth of action and the duration of anaesthetics data. Also, the amount of analgesic consumed in the day of the surgery was recorded. The results were: latency time of 1 minute 21 seconds with lidocaine versus 59 seconds with articaine. Depth of action of 2hours 8 minutes with lidocaine versus 3 hours 8 minutes with articaine. Duration of anaesthetic of 3 hours 38 minutes with lidocaine versus3 hours 55 seconds with articaine. There were no significant differences in the number of analgesics consumed in the day of the surgery (AU)

Papel de las citoquinas en la patogénesis de las enfermedades de la articulación temporomandibular / No disponible

Las citoquinas son sustancias de tipo proteico o glucoproteíco, sintetizadas por numerosos tipos celulares (principalmente por los leucocitos), que sirven de mediadores químicos intercelulares, activando diversas funciones específicas. En el pasado hubo cierta confusión en su denominación, las primeras que se descubrieron, fueron a partir de leucocitos se denominaron “interleuquinas”, aunque otras células también las produzcan. La acción de las citoquinas se produce al unirse a receptores específicos en la célula diana. Las citoquinas tienen un papel importante en la inflamación y destrucción articular producidaen la artrosis y en la artritis reumatoidea. Diversos estudios sugieren que estos efectos de las citoquinas están mediados por la inducción que producen en algunas células a liberar enzimas que dañan los tejidos. El efecto biológico de una sola o varias citoquinas sobre una célula o tejido puede ser muy diferente. Estudiaremos cuales son y que efecto tienen sobre los tejidos que componen la articulación temporomandibular, y si se puede relacionar con los estadios clínicos de las enfermedades de la articulación temporomandibular (AU)

The cytokines are substances of protein or glycoprotein type, synthesized by numerous cellular types (principally for the leukocytes)that serve of mediators chemical intercellular, activating diverse specific functions. In the past there was certain confusion in their denomination, the first ones that were discovered, were finding from leukocytes they were denominated “interleukins”, although other cells also produce them. The action of the cytokines takes place when uniting to specific receivers in the cell reveille. Thecytokines has an important paper in the inflammation and destruction to articulate taken place in the arthrosis and in the rheumatoid arthritis. Diverse studies suggest that these properties of the cytokines are mediated by the induction that they take place in some cells to liberate enzymes that damage the tissues. The biological effect of a single cytokine or multiple cytokines on a cellor tissue can be very different. We will study which are and that effect has on the different tissues that compose the temporomandibular joint, and if it can be related with the clinical stadiums of the illnesses of the temporomandibular joint (AU)

Amalgama y embarazo / No disponible

En la actualidad existe una gran controversia con respecto a la colocación y remoción de restauraciones de amalgama, en la paciente embarazada, debido a la posible toxicidad que pueda producir a nivel fetal o materno. El objetivo de este estudio es realizar una revisión acerca del paso del mercurio a través de la barrera placentaria, y su acumulación en los tejidos, así como, sus efectos negativos. Existen estudios que demuestran el paso de todas las formas de mercurio a través de la barrera placentaria en diferentes cantidades, pero no hay evidencias científicas que demuestren relaciones entre la aparición de patologías y la existencia de obturaciones de amalgama. Por consiguiente es necesaria la realización de más investigaciones que permitan llegar a resultados concluyentes (AU)

Currently there is a great controversy about the placement and there motion of amalgam fillings in pregnant pacients, because of the possibiliy of toxicity to fetal or maternal level. The study objective is to revise all the information about the mercury pass across the placental barrier, its accumulation on tissues and the negative effects. There are studies that show that all mercury forms can pass across the placental barrier but there is not scientific evidence of relationship between amalgam fillings and pathology. Its necessary more studies to arrive at conclusive results (AU)