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AIMS AND OBJECTIVES: The relationship between pain and poor healing is intricate, potentially mediated by psychological stress and aberrations in inflammatory response. The purpose of this study was to examine the biopsychosocial model of pain by assessing the relationships between pain, stress, inflammation and healing in people with chronic wounds. DESIGN: This was a 4-week prospective observational study to explore the relationship of pain, stress, inflammation and wound healing in a convenience sample of patients with chronic wounds in a chronic care hospital in Canada. METHODS: Only subjects over 18 with chronic wounds were recruited into the study. Chronic wounds were defined by the duration of wounds for more than 4 weeks of various aetiologies including wounds caused by pressure injuries, venous disease, arterial insufficiency, surgery or trauma and diabetic neuropathy. Participants were evaluated for pain by responding to the Brief Pain Inventory-Short Form, the McGill Pain Questionnaire-Short Form and the Leeds Assessment of Neuropathic Symptoms and Signs scale. Stress was measured by the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS). All wounds were assessed with the Pressure Ulcer Scale for Healing tool. The levels of matrix metalloproteinases were analysis by obtaining wound fluid from all participants. RESULTS: A total of 32 individuals with chronic wounds participated in the study. Correlation analysis indicated pain severity was positively and significantly related to pain interference, McGill Pain Questionnaire scores, neuropathic pain and matrix metalloproteinase levels. Logistic regression was used to determine the predictors for high or low perceived stress. The only significant variable that contributed to the stress levels was BPI-I. Results suggested that participants who experienced higher levels of pain interference also had an increased odds to report high level of stress by 1.6 times controlling for all other factor in the model. CONCLUSION: Pain is a complex biopsychosocial phenomenon affecting quality of life in people with chronic wounds. Results of this study identified a significant relationship between pain, stress and wound healing.
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Inflamación , Estrés Psicológico , Cicatrización de Heridas , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Cicatrización de Heridas/fisiología , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/complicaciones , Estudios Prospectivos , Anciano , Adulto , Inflamación/psicología , Heridas y Lesiones/psicología , Heridas y Lesiones/complicaciones , Canadá , Dimensión del Dolor/métodos , Dolor/psicología , Dolor/etiología , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Enfermedad CrónicaRESUMEN
Objective: To synthesize the evidence of the effectiveness of topical treatment compared to the systemic treatment for pain control in Malignant Fungating Wounds (MFWs) in adults. Introduction: Approximately 14.5% of cancer patients present MFWs due to the increased survival rate of oncology treatments, and 85% report pain in the wound. Previous systematic reviews on the subject have explored MFWs-related symptoms (bleeding, foul odor, and exudate) but without results concerning the pain. A recently published scoping review mapped 20 proposals for topical treatment of MFWs-related pain, originated in different studies designs. Currently, there is a need to carry out an effectiveness review in order to facilitate clinical evidence-based decision-making. Inclusion criteria: Quantitative studies on the effects of topical therapies for pain control in MFWs compared to systemic treatments in adult patients in English, Portuguese, and Spanish without any time limits. Studies that do not meet 70% of the methodological quality threshold will be excluded. Methods: A review of effectiveness according to the JBI methodology. The titles and abstracts of identified records will be checked for the inclusion criteria, and the selected papers will be reviewed in their entirety for their relevance to the objective. The selection of the studies will be carried out according to the defined threshold of the assessment of the methodological quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist instruments, and the data of interest will be extracted by two reviewers. Finally, the data synthesis will be presented in a narrative and/or statistical summary. Systematic review registration number: CRD42022351715
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OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of complicated surgical wounds and its related factors in hospitalized adults. METHOD: In this cross-sectional study, information from 251 patients hospitalized in seven public hospitals in Manaus, Brazil, and at risk of suffering surgical site complications after undergoing surgery was analyzed. Data were collected via interviews, physical examinations, and a medical record review from March to June 2015. Prevalence rate was estimated as the ratio between individuals with complications and patients at risk. To explore associated variables, individuals with and without complications were compared via 5% significant logistic regression and bivariate analyses. This study was approved by a research ethics committee. RESULTS: Overall, 15 patients (6%) showed complicated surgical wounds. General hospitalization (p < 0.003), presence of ecchymosis, (p < 0.001), and men (p = 0.047) increased patients' probability of developing complications in 13.9, 10.1, and 8.2 times, respectively. CONCLUSION: Assessing the prevalence of complicated surgical wounds and its associated factors in adults contributes to their epidemiological understanding, highlighting prevention targets and making data available for scientific comparisons.
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Herida Quirúrgica , Adulto , Estudios Transversales , Hospitalización , Hospitales Públicos , Humanos , Masculino , Prevalencia , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
Aims and objectives: To map and synthesize the existing literature on topical therapies for Malignant Fungating Wounds pain management and the gaps involved. Background: Most cancer patients with Malignant Fungating Wounds suffer from wound-related pain, affecting their quality of life. Unfortunately, even though pain is a relevant symptom in cancer and palliative care, little is currently known about topical treatments' availability and impact on pain management. Design: A scoping review following JBI® methodology Methods: Searches were performed in CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, NICE, Scopus, JBISRIR, and gray literature, in English, Portuguese and Spanish, with no time limit. Two authors independently reviewed all citations and a third was called in case of divergence, and studies in adults with Malignant Fungal Wounds reporting topical pain interventions were included. In addition, a data extraction tool for synthesis and thematic analysis was developed. This study followed the PRISMA-ScR Checklist. Results: 70 publications were selected from 796 records retrieved from databases. The studies mainly included non-systematic reviews and case studies with only six clinical trials. According to the narrative synthesis, twenty therapies were identified, including the use of wound dressings (58.6%), analgesic drugs (55.7%), topical antimicrobials (25.7%), skin barriers (15.7%), cryotherapy (5.7%), and Negative Pressure Wound Therapy (4.3%). Therapies were recommended to be applied to the wound bed or the periwound skin. In 68.5% of the studies, a standardized assessment for pain was not described. Conclusions: Topical therapies applied to Malignant Fungating Wounds or periwound areas had been examined for pain management. However, their effectiveness was analyzed in a few interventional studies, indicating the need for further primary studies to inform evidence-based practice. Implication for Practice: Highlighted topical therapies for clinical practice consideration are opioids, anesthetics, and antimicrobials, with positive results described in randomized clinical trials. This study did not include patients.
Objetivos: Mapear y sintetizar la literatura existente sobre las terapias tópicas para el manejo del dolor en heridas neoplásicas malignas y los vacíos en investigación. Introducción: La mayoría de los pacientes con heridas neoplásicas malignas sienten dolor relacionado con la herida, que afecta su calidad de vida. Desafortunadamente, apesar de que el dolor es un síntoma relevante tanto en el cuidado de personas con cancer como en cuidados paliativos, poco se sabe actualmente sobre la disponibilidad de tratamientos tópicos y su impacto en el manejo del dolor. Diseño: Revisión de escopo según la metodología de la JBI®. Métodos: fueron realizada búsquedas en las bases de datos CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, NICE, Scopus, JBISRIR, y literatura gris; en inglés, español y portugués, sin límite de tiempo. Dos autores revisaron todas las citaciones independientemente. Estudios en adultos con heridas neoplásicas malignas que reportaran intervenciones tópicas para el dolor fueron incluidos. Adicionalmente, un instrumento para extracción de datos fue desarrollado para la síntesis y análisis del tema. Este estudio siguió la lista de chequeo para el reporte de revisiones de alcance PRISMA-ScR de la red Equator. Resultados: 70 Publicaciones fueron seleccionadas de 796 identificadas en las bases de datos. Los estudios incluyeron principalmente revisiones no sistemáticas y estudios de caso; solo seis fueron ensayos clínicos. Según la síntesis narrativa realizada, fueron identificadas veinte terapias, que incluyeron el uso de apósitos (58.6%), drogas analgésicas (55.7%), antimicrobianos tópicos (25.7%), protectores de piel (15.7%), crioterapia (5.7%), y terapia por presión negativa (4.3%). Las diversas terapias tópicas fueron recomendadas para el el lecho de la herida y el área perilesional. En el 68.5% de los estudios, no fue descrita la aplicación de instrumentos para la valoración del dolor. Conclusiones: fueron identificadas terapias tópicas aplicadas al lecho de las heridas neoplásicas malignas o al área perilesionar, para el manejo del dolor. Sin embargo, la efectividad de las intervenciones fue analizada por pocos estudios clínicos, indicando la necesidad por más estudios primarios que informen la prácica clínica basada en la evidencia. Implicaciones para la práctica: se destacan para aplicación clínica, el uso de opioides, anestésicos y antimicrobianos, con resultados positivos en ensayos clínicos randomizados. Este estudio no incluyó pacientes.
Objetivos: Mapear e sintetizar a literatura existente sobre terapias tópicas para o manejo da dor em feridas neoplásicas malignas e as lacunas de pesquisa. Introdução: A maioria dos pacientes com feridas neoplásicas malignas sente dor relacionada à ferida, o que afeta sua qualidade de vida. Infelizmente, apesar da dor ser um sintoma relevante tanto no tratamento oncológico quanto nos cuidados paliativos, pouco se sabe atualmente sobre a disponibilidade de tratamentos tópicos e seu impacto no controle da dor. Desenho: Revisão do escopo de acordo com a metodologia JBI®. Métodos: CINAHL, LILACS, Embase, Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane, NICE, Scopus, JBISRIR e bases de dados de literatura cinzenta foram pesquisados; em inglês, espanhol e português, sem limite de tempo. Dois autores revisaram todas as citações de forma independente. Estudos em adultos com feridas neoplásicas malignas relatando intervenções tópicas para dor foram incluídos. Adicionalmente, foi desenvolvido um instrumento de extração de dados para a síntese e análise do tema. Este estudo seguiu a lista de verificação do relatório de revisão de escopo PRISMA-ScR da rede Equator. Resultados: Foram selecionadas 70 publicações dentre 796 identificadas nas bases de dados. Os estudos incluíram principalmente revisões não sistemáticas e estudos de caso; apenas seis eram ensaios clínicos. De acordo com a síntese narrativa realizada, foram identificadas vinte terapias, que incluíram o uso de curativos (58,6%), analgésicos (55,7%), antimicrobianos tópicos (25,7%), protetores cutâneos (15,7%), crioterapia (5,7%). , e terapia com pressão negativa (4,3%). Várias terapias tópicas foram recomendadas para o leito da ferida e a área periferida. Em 68,5% dos estudos não foi descrita a aplicação de instrumentos para avaliação da dor. Conclusões: foram identificadas terapias tópicas aplicadas no leito de feridas neoplásicas malignas ou na área perilesional, para controle da dor. No entanto, a eficácia das intervenções foi analisada por poucos estudos clínicos, indicando a necessidade de mais estudos primários que informem a prática clínica baseada em evidências. Implicações para a prática: o uso de opioides, anestésicos e antimicrobianos se destaca pela aplicação clínica, com resultados positivos em ensaios clínicos randomizados. Este estudo não incluiu pacientes.
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ABSTRACT Objective: To estimate the prevalence of complicated surgical wounds and its related factors in hospitalized adults. Method: In this cross-sectional study, information from 251 patients hospitalized in seven public hospitals in Manaus, Brazil, and at risk of suffering surgical site complications after undergoing surgery was analyzed. Data were collected via interviews, physical examinations, and a medical record review from March to June 2015. Prevalence rate was estimated as the ratio between individuals with complications and patients at risk. To explore associated variables, individuals with and without complications were compared via 5% significant logistic regression and bivariate analyses. This study was approved by a research ethics committee. Results: Overall, 15 patients (6%) showed complicated surgical wounds. General hospitalization (p < 0.003), presence of ecchymosis, (p < 0.001), and men (p = 0.047) increased patients' probability of developing complications in 13.9, 10.1, and 8.2 times, respectively. Conclusion: Assessing the prevalence of complicated surgical wounds and its associated factors in adults contributes to their epidemiological understanding, highlighting prevention targets and making data available for scientific comparisons.
RESUMEN Objetivo: Estimar la prevalencia de herida quirúrgica complicada y sus factores asociados en adultos hospitalizados. Método: Estudio transversal, aprobado por el comité de ética. Se analizaron los datos de 251 pacientes, sometidos a cirugía y con riesgo de complicación del sitio quirúrgico, hospitalizados en siete hospitales públicos de Manaos (Brasil); la recolección de datos se dio por entrevistas, examen físico y revisión de historias clínicas, en el periodo de marzo a junio de 2015. La tasa de prevalencia se calculó como la razón entre los individuos con complicaciones y los pacientes de riesgo. Para explorar las variables asociadas, se compararon individuos con y sin complicaciones mediante análisis bivariado y regresión logística, con un nivel de significancia del 5%. Resultados: Fue identificada herida operatoria complicada en quince pacientes (6%). La presencia de equimosis (p < 0,001), ajustada por sexo masculino (p = 0,047) y la hospitalización en clínica general (p < 0,003) aumentaron en 10,1; 8,2 y 13,9 veces, respectivamente, la probabilidad de desarrollar complicaciones. Conclusión: La identificación de la prevalencia de herida quirúrgica complicada en adultos y sus factores asociados contribuye a su comprensión epidemiológica, destacando focos potenciales de prevención y proporcionando datos para la comparación científica.
RESUMO Objetivo: Estimar a prevalência de Ferida Operatória Complicada e seus fatores associados, em adultos hospitalizados. Método: Estudo transversal, aprovado por comitê de ética. Foram analisadas informações de 251 pacientes submetidos à cirurgia e com risco de complicação do sítio cirúrgico, internados em sete hospitais públicos em Manaus (Brasil); cujos dados foram coletados por meio de entrevista, exame físico e revisão de prontuários, no período de março a junho de 2015. A taxa de prevalência foi calculada como a razão entre os indivíduos com complicação e os pacientes em risco. Para exploração de variáveis associadas, foram comparados indivíduos com e sem complicação por meio de análises bivariadas e regressão logística, com significância de 5%. Resultados: 15 pacientes (6%) apresentaram ferida operatória complicada. A presença de equimose (p < 0,001), ajustada pelo sexo masculino (p = 0,047) e a internação na clínica geral (p < 0,003) aumentaram a probabilidade de desenvolver a complicação em 10,1; 8,2 e 13,9 vezes, respectivamente. Conclusão A identificação da prevalência da ferida operatória complicada em adultos e seus fatores associados contribuem para a sua compreensão epidemiológica, destacando alvos de prevenção e disponibilizando dados para comparação científica.
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Complicaciones Posoperatorias , Enfermería , Dehiscencia de la Herida Operatoria , Infección de la Herida Quirúrgica , Prevalencia , EstomaterapiaRESUMEN
Os tratamentos oncológicos evoluíram nos últimos anos, possibilitando ao paciente com câncer maior chance de cura e sobrevida. Mas, também, trazendo desafios no cuidado oferecido a esse paciente. Compilamos nesse vídeo os resultados de três pesquisas sobre o cuidado de feridas cutâneas no paciente oncológico, desenvolvidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação na Saúde do Adulto-PROESA pela Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo-EEUSP sob a supervisão da Profa. Dra. Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos.
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Heridas y Lesiones , Estomaterapia , Neoplasias , Enfermería Oncológica , Salud del AdultoRESUMEN
Os tratamentos oncológicos evoluíram nos últimos anos, possibilitando ao paciente com câncer maior chance de cura e sobrevida. Mas, também, trazendo desafios no cuidado oferecido a esse paciente. Compilamos nesse vídeo os resultados de três pesquisas sobre o cuidado de feridas cutâneas no paciente oncológico, desenvolvidas no Programa de Pós-Graduação na Saúde do Adulto-PROESA pela Escola de Enfermagem da Universidade de São Paulo-EEUSP sob a supervisão da Profa. Dra. Vera Lucia Conceição de Gouveia Santos.