Affective and cognitive variables involved in structural prediction of university dropout.

BACKGROUND: The aim of the study was to analyze the influence of potentially important individual variables (motivation, satisfaction with the course, self-regulation, expectations of self-efficacy and perception of academic performance) on the intention to remain on university courses. METHOD: An ex-post-facto design was used, applying the University Life Questionnaire to a sample of 2,741 first-year students from six Chilean universities. Data were analyzed by path analysis. RESULTS: The intention to remain is higher when intrinsic motivation is higher, self-efficacy expectations are higher, the perception of performance is higher and satisfaction with the course is higher. All the variables included in the model explained 26% of the intention to remain. CONCLUSIONS: The study confirms the suitability of studying this phenomenon through complex models (e.g., structural equation models, multilevel models), since it makes little sense to try to explain dropout only through direct effects (as in most previous research). Secondly, the percentage of variance explained by dropout intention means it is important to continue this kind of research (with better controls, other types of measures, etc.).

Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) Diagnosis: An Activation-Executive Model.

Attention deficit with, or without, hyperactivity and impulsivity (ADHD) is categorized as neuro-developmental disorder. ADHD is a common disorder in childhood and one of the most frequent conditions affecting school ages. This disorder is characterized by a persistent behavioral pattern associated with inattention, over-activity (or hyperactivity), and difficulty in controlling impulses. Current research suggests the existence of certain patterns of cortical activation and executive control, which could more objectively identify ADHD. Through the use of a risk and resilience model, this research aimed to analyze the interaction between brain activation variables (nirHEG and Q-EEG) and executive variables (Continuous performance test -CPT-) in subjects with ADHD. The study involved 499 children, 175 females (35.1%) and 324 males (64.91%); aged from 6 to 16 years (M = 11.22, SD = 1.43). Two hundred and fifty six of the children had been diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and 243 were without ADHD. For the analysis of this objective, a causal model was designed to include the following different measures of task-execution: CPT TOVA (omissions, commissions, response time, variability, D prime and the ADHD Index); electrical activity (using Q-EEG); and blood-flow oxygenation activity (using nirHEG). The causal model was tested by means of structural equation modeling (SEM). The model that had been constructed was based upon three general assumptions: (1) There are different causal models for children with ADHD and those without ADHD; (2) The activation measures influence students' executive performance; and (3) There are measurable structural differences between the ADHD and control group models (executive and activation). In general, the results showed that: (a) activation measures influence executive patterns differently, (b) the relationship between activation variables (nirHEG and Q-EEG) depends on the brain zone being studied, (c) both groups showed important differences in variables correlation, with a good fit in each model (with and without ADHD). Lastly, the results were analyzed with a view to the diagnosis procedure. Therefore, we discuss the implications for future research.

Factors involved in making post-performance judgments in mathematics problem-solving.

BACKGROUND: This study examines the impact of executive functions, affective-motivational variables related to mathematics, mathematics achievement and task characteristics on fifth and sixth graders’ calibration accuracy after completing two mathematical problems. METHOD: A sample of 188 students took part in the study. They were divided into two groups as function of their judgment accuracy after completing the two tasks (accurate= 79, inaccurate= 109). Differences between these groups were examined. The discriminative value of these variables to predict group membership was analyzed, as well as the effect of age, gender, and grade level. RESULTS: The results indicated that accurate students showed better levels of executive functioning, and more positive feelings, beliefs, and motivation related to mathematics. They also spent more time on the tasks. Mathematics achievement, perceived usefulness of mathematics, and time spent on Task 1 significantly predicted group membership, classifying 71.3% of the sample correctly. CONCLUSIONS: These results support the relationship between academic achievement and calibration accuracy, suggesting the need to consider a wide range of factors when explaining performance judgments.

Assessment of a self-regulated learning intervention

Following a pretest-posttest design with no control group, this paper evaluates the efficacy of an intervention program. Consisting of twelve sessions, the program endeavored to increase knowledge and use of self-regulated learning strategies, as well as study time, in 277 first-year students in the Spanish secondary education system. The intervention’s efficacy was assessed in terms of three variables: knowledge of self-regulated learning strategies, use of self-regulated learning strategies, and study time. The results of post-intervention data analysis indicate that statistically significant changes occurred in students’ knowledge of self-regulated learning strategies and weekly study time, but not in their use of self-regulated learning strategies. When the sample was stratified into three groups (high, moderate, and low) according to baseline scores on the dependent variables, our findings show that students in the lower group profited most from the intervention on all three variables. This suggests that participation in the program is especially useful for at-risk students (i.e. those with little knowledge and use of effective learning strategies) (AU)

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Assessment of a self-regulated learning intervention.

Following a pretest-posttest design with no control group, this paper evaluates the efficacy of an intervention program. Consisting of twelve sessions, the program endeavored to increase knowledge and use of self-regulated learning strategies, as well as study time, in 277 first-year students in the Spanish secondary education system. The intervention's efficacy was assessed in terms of three variables: knowledge of self-regulated learning strategies, use of self-regulated learning strategies, and study time. The results of post-intervention data analysis indicate that statistically significant changes occurred in students' knowledge of self-regulated learning strategies and weekly study time, but not in their use of self-regulated learning strategies. When the sample was stratified into three groups (high, moderate, and low) according to baseline scores on the dependent variables, our findings show that students in the lower group profited most from the intervention on all three variables. This suggests that participation in the program is especially useful for at-risk students (i.e. those with little knowledge and use of effective learning strategies).

Assessment of dispositional and contextual variables in educational settings: IEPA and AYES scales / La afabilidad y extroversión de los seguidores y su lealtad hacia el liderazgo auténtico

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that there are a few instruments designed to measure dispositional and contextual variables in educational contexts, the goal of this study is to elaborate and validate two questionnaires to measure learning interest, effort and progression as dispositional (IEPA) and contextual (AYEs) variables in secondary education students. METHOD: An initial version of both scales was developed. They were reviewed by a panel of experts and tested on two pilot studies. The final versions were administered to the described sample and their psychometric properties were tested. Factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory) were conducted on three sets of data: Mathematics (n = 290), Spanish Language and Literature (n = 283), and Physical Education (n = 289). RESULTS: Both final scales had three dimensions with four items in each dimension. All standardized loads and critical values of t were overwhelmingly positive, while alpha coefficients ranged from .85 to .91. Both scales showed adequate construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that these new scales have adequate psychometric properties, allowing a valid and reliable assessment

ANTECEDENTES: si bien existen en la literatura instrumentos diseñados para evaluar variables disposicionales y contextuales en ámbitos educativos, la finalidad de este estudio es elaborar y validar dos cuestionarios que permitan medir el interés, el esfuerzo y la progresión en el aprendizaje en el alumnado de Educación Secundaria como variables disposicionales (IEPA) y contextuales (AYES). MÉTODO: tras elaborar una primera versión, que fue sometida sucesivamente a un juicio de expertos y a dos estudios piloto previos, se comprobaron las medidas psicométricas de la versión definitiva. Se realizaron análisis factoriales (exploratorios y confirmatorios) en tres conjuntos de datos: Matemáticas (n = 290), Lengua Castellana y Literatura (n = 283) y Educación Física (n = 289). RESULTADOS: las escalas definitivas están compuestas por tres dimensiones de cuatro ítems cada una. Todas las cargas estandarizadas y los valores críticos de t superaron ampliamente los niveles mínimos recomendados, el coeficiente alfa osciló entre ,85 y ,91. Ambos cuestionarios mostraron una adecuada validez de constructo, validez convergente, validez discriminante y validez concurrente. CONCLUSIONES: estos resultados indican que las nuevas escalas poseen adecuadas propiedades psicométricas, lo que permite una evaluación válida y fiable

Assessment of dispositional and contextual variables in educational settings: IEPA and AYES scales.

BACKGROUND: Despite the fact that there are a few instruments designed to measure dispositional and contextual variables in educational contexts, the goal of this study is to elaborate and validate two questionnaires to measure learning interest, effort and progression as dispositional (IEPA) and contextual (AYEs) variables in secondary education students. METHOD: An initial version of both scales was developed. They were reviewed by a panel of experts and tested on two pilot studies. The final versions were administered to the described sample and their psychometric properties were tested. Factor analyses (exploratory and confirmatory) were conducted on three sets of data: Mathematics (n = 290), Spanish Language and Literature (n = 283), and Physical Education (n = 289). RESULTS: Both final scales had three dimensions with four items in each dimension. All standardized loads and critical values of t were overwhelmingly positive, while alpha coefficients ranged from .85 to .91. Both scales showed adequate construct validity, convergent validity, discriminant validity and concurrent validity. CONCLUSIONS: Results showed that these new scales have adequate psychometric properties, allowing a valid and reliable assessment.

Autoeficacia y utilidad percibida como condiciones necesarias para un aprendizaje académico autorregulado / Self-efficacy and perceived utility as necessary conditions for self-regulated academic learning

En el marco de la teoría social cognitiva, en este trabajo se investiga en qué medida el rendimiento escolar (Lengua y Matemáticas) puede ser explicado por el uso de estrategias de aprendizaje autorregulado y cómo este tipo de comportamiento deseable puede estar condicionado por la utilidad percibida de su uso y por la competencia percibida para su ejecución. Para completar el modelo de ecuaciones estructurales, se plantea que los niveles de estas variables hipotéticamente centrales en el aprendizaje están significativamente influenciados por el tiempo de estudio, el curso actual y el grado de fracaso escolar (número de cursos repetidos). El ajuste del modelo se ha llevado a cabo en base a una muestra de 750 estudiantes de enseñanza básica (entre 12 y 15 años) seleccionados aleatoriamente por grupo de un total de diez colegios. Los resultados obtenidos muestran, en la dirección de lo hipotetizado, que a mayor uso de estrategias de autorregulación del proceso de aprendizaje mayor es el rendimiento, y viceversa, y que el uso de dichas estrategias depende fuertemente de la utilidad percibida de tal comportamiento y de la autoeficacia para su uso efectivo. Estos datos sugieren la importancia de que los profesores utilicen estrategias de autorregulación en las tareas previstas en el currículo, aplicándolas a situaciones concretas de aprendizaje y entrenando su transferencia para otros contextos y tareas escolares, ya que esto hará más visible su utilidad y la práctica generará competencia percibida en los alumnos (AU)

Grounded on the social cognitive perspective, the current investigation aims at evaluating, through a structural equation model, the extent to which school achievement (Portuguese and Math) can be explained by using self-regulated learning strategies and how those self-regulated behaviors can be affected by perceived instrumentality as well as by students’ perceived competence to manage learning strategies adequately. In order to develop the structural equation model the hypothesized learning variables previously referred are supposed to be significantly affected by students’ study time, grade level and school underachievement (number of years failed at school). The EQS model has been developed with a sample of 750 Portuguese students attending compulsory education (12 to 15 years old) randomly selected among a larger group of students from ten different schools. Data confirm the importance of teachers’ using embedded self-regulated strategies in the academic tasks assigned to their students, promoting their transference to other contexts and different academic activities, once this teaching practice will be a privileged way to make learning strategies’ usefulness clear and to ensure the promotion of students’ perceived competence (AU)

Academic goals and learning quality in higher education students.

In this paper, the relations between academic goals and various indicators that define the quality of the learning process are analyzed. The purpose was to determine to what extent high, moderate, or low levels of academic goals were positively or negatively related to effort regulation, the value assigned to academic tasks, meta-cognitive self-regulation, self-efficacy, beliefs about learning control, and management of time and study environment. The investigation was carried out with a sample of 632 university students (70% female and 30% male) and mean age of 21.22 (SD=2.2).The results show that learning goals, or task orientation, are positively related to all the indictors of learning quality considered herein. Although for other kinds of goals-work-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals-significant relations were not found with all the indicators, there was a similar tendency of significant results in all cases; the higher the levels of these goals, the lower the levels of the indicators of learning quality.

Academic Goals and Learning Quality in Higher Education Students

In this paper, the relations between academic goals and various indicators that define the quality of the learning process are analyzed. The purpose was to determine to what extent high, moderate, or low levels of academic goals were positively or negatively related to effort regulation, the value assigned to academic tasks, meta-cognitive self-regulation, self-efficacy, beliefs about learning control, and management of time and study environment. The investigation was carried out with a sample of 632 university students (70% female and 30% male) and mean age of 21.22 (SD=2.2). The results show that learning goals, or task orientation, are positively related to all the indictors of learning quality considered herein. Although for other kinds of goals -work-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals, and performance-avoidance goals- significant relations were not found with all the indicators, there was a similar tendency of significant results in all cases; the higher the levels of these goals, the lower the levels of the indicators of learning quality (AU)

En este trabajo se analizan las relaciones de las metas académicas con varios indicadores que definen la calidad del proceso de aprendizaje. Se trata de comprobar hasta qué punto el tener niveles altos, moderados o bajos en las metas académicas se relaciona positiva o negativamente en la regulación del esfuerzo, en el valor asignado a las tareas académicas, en la autorregulación metacognitiva, en la autoeficacia, en las creencias de control y en la gestión del tiempo y ambiente de estudio. La investigación se llevó a cabo con una muestra de 632 estudiantes universitarios (70% mujeres y 30% hombres) con una edad media de 21.22 (SD=2.2). Los resultados encontrados demuestran que las learning goals, o de aproximación a la tarea, se encuentran relacionadas positivamente con todos los indicadores de calidad del aprendizaje contemplados. En los otros tipos de metas -work-avoidance goals, performance-approach goals and performance avoidance goals-, aún no habiendo una relación significativa con todos los indicadores, la tendencia de los resultados significativos es la misma en todos los casos, cuanto más altos son los niveles de estas metas, más bajos son los niveles indicadores de calidad del aprendizaje (AU)

[Test anxiety: associations with personal and family variables]. / Ansiedad ante los exámenes: relación con variables personales y familiares.

Test anxiety is a common behavior among students facing social pressure centered on mastery. Only a few studies have analyzed the relations between test anxiety, academic procrastination, personal and family variables and math grades. This work focus on the analysis of the impact of students' social-personal variables such as parents' education level, number of siblings and under-achievement by performing ANOVAs in two samples of 533 and 796 students from junior high-school. Corroborating the findings in other studies, the data stress that test anxiety is higher in girls and decreases when students' parents have higher educational levels, with the number of courses flunked, and when students' math grades were lower. Test anxiety and procrastination correlate positive and significantly. Findings are discussed and compared with those of previous researches. The implications for teaching practice are also analyzed.

Capacidad predictiva de las metas académicas sobre el rendimiento en diferentes áreas curriculares / Academic goals as predictors of achievement in different school subjects

El objetivo de este estudio es el análisis del poder predictivo de los diferentes tipos de metas académicas sobre el rendimiento académico en cinco áreas curriculares. Para ello, se haaplicado el Cuestionario de Metas Académicas a una amplia muestra de adolescentes que cursaban los cuatro cursos de la Enseñanza Secundaria en España (12 a 16 años). Los resultadosobtenidos indican que el rendimiento se encuentra explicado, en primer lugar, positiva y significativamente por motivos de adquisición de competencia y control así como de obtenciónde un buen trabajo futuro y, en segundo lugar, negativamente por motivos muy relacionados con la protección de la autoestima. Son presentadas y discutidas algunas implicaciones de losdatos para el proceso de aprendizaje.

This study intends to analyze the various academic goals and their predictive power of the academic achievement in five different school subjects of Spanish core curriculum. In order to assess this, the Questionnaire of Academic Goals has been applied to a large sample of adolescents attending the four grade level years of Spanish Secondary Education (12 to 16years). Data suggest that achievement is, firstly, explained, positive and significantly, by students’ wish of acquiring competence and control as well as of obtaining a good future joband, secondly, negatively, by reasons strongly related to the preservation of one’s self-esteem. Some implications of this data to learning are discussed.

[Adaptation of the Sydney Attribution Scale in a Spanish college population]. / Adaptación de la Sydney Attribution Scale en población universitaria española.

The aim of this study was to analyse the psychometric properties of the Sydney Attribution Scale in a sample of 1,508 college students. Factor analysis identified six factors: Success/Ability, Success/Effort, Success/External Causes, Failure/Ability, Failure/Effort, and Failure/External Causes. Success and failure factors accounted for an adequate percentage of the variance. Internal consistency was acceptable, similar in the success scales and in the failure scales, and higher in the internal scales than in the external scales. The results also showed a clear predictable pattern of relationships between dimensions of self-attribution, and between these dimensions and several measures of general self-efficacy, intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, satisfaction with the studies, satisfaction with performance, and satisfaction with knowledge, which supports the construct validity of the SAS.

Metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios / College student's academic goals and learning strategies

Tomando en cuenta que no existe concordancia en la literatura entre los resultados de diferentes estudios respecto de la relevancia de la adopción de un tipo u otro de meta para el aprendizaje académico, en el presente artículo se estudia la relación entre los diferentes tipos de orientaciones motivacionales (metas de aprendizaje, metas de rendimiento y metas de evitación del trabajo) y el uso de estrategias cognitivas y de autorregulación. En el trabajo participan 632 estudiantes universitarios de diversas titulaciones de la universidad española. Aunque el estudio es de tipo correlacional, los análisis de los datos obtenidos, corroborando estudios anteriores, aportan información de interés para la discusión del problema que se investigó, por ejemplo que sólo los niveles más altos de metas de aprendizaje se encuentran asociados con una mayor utilización de estrategias de aprendizaje. Son discutidas implicaciones educativas de estos datos.

Tomando em consideração que não existe concordância na literatura entre os resultados dos diferentes estudos a respeito da relevância da adopção de um ou de outro tipo de meta na aprendizagem académica; no presente artículo é estudada a relação entre os diferentes tipos de orientações motivacionais (metas de aprendizagem, metas de rendimento e metas de evitação do trabalho) e a utilização de estratégias cognitivas e de auto-regulação. Neste trabalho participam 632 estudantes universitários de diversas licenciaturas da Universidade espanhola. Apesar de este estudo ser de tipo correlacional, a análise dos dados obtidos, corroborando estudos anteriores, aporta informação de interesse para a discussão do problema investigado; por exemplo que só os níveles mais altos de metas de aprendizagem se encontram associados con uma maior utilização de estratégias de aprendizagem. São discutidas implicações educativas destes dados.

Metas académicas y estrategias de aprendizaje en estudiantes universitarios / College student's academic goals and learning strategies

Tomando en cuenta que no existe concordancia en la literatura entre los resultados de diferentes estudios respecto de la relevancia de la adopción de un tipo u otro de meta para el aprendizaje académico, en el presente artículo se estudia la relación entre los diferentes tipos de orientaciones motivacionales (metas de aprendizaje, metas de rendimiento y metas de evitación del trabajo) y el uso de estrategias cognitivas y de autorregulación. En el trabajo participan 632 estudiantes universitarios de diversas titulaciones de la universidad española. Aunque el estudio es de tipo correlacional, los análisis de los datos obtenidos, corroborando estudios anteriores, aportan información de interés para la discusión del problema que se investigó, por ejemplo que sólo los niveles más altos de metas de aprendizaje se encuentran asociados con una mayor utilización de estrategias de aprendizaje. Son discutidas implicaciones educativas de estos datos(AU)

Tomando em consideração que não existe concordância na literatura entre os resultados dos diferentes estudos a respeito da relevância da adopção de um ou de outro tipo de meta na aprendizagem académica; no presente artículo é estudada a relação entre os diferentes tipos de orientações motivacionais (metas de aprendizagem, metas de rendimento e metas de evitação do trabalho) e a utilização de estratégias cognitivas e de auto-regulação. Neste trabalho participam 632 estudantes universitários de diversas licenciaturas da Universidade espanhola. Apesar de este estudo ser de tipo correlacional, a análise dos dados obtidos, corroborando estudos anteriores, aporta informação de interesse para a discussão do problema investigado; por exemplo que só os níveles mais altos de metas de aprendizagem se encontram associados con uma maior utilização de estratégias de aprendizagem. São discutidas implicações educativas destes dados(AU)

El aprendizaje autorregulado como medio y meta de la educación / Self-regulating learning as a resource and a goal of education

En la actualidad, en los comienzos del siglo XXI, las principales necesidades a las que deben dar respuesta el sistema educativoy las leyes que lo amparen, y a las que trata de dar respuesta en la LOE son básicamente dos. Por un lado, proporcionaruna educación de calidad a todos los niveles del sistema educativo, lo que conlleva la necesidad de asumir un importante desafío:conseguir el éxito escolar de todos los jóvenes, que se traduce básicamente en mejorar el nivel educativo de todo elalumnado y lograr que alcancen el máximo desarrollo de todas sus capacidades. Por otro lado, actualmente, más que nunca,la educación debe preparar adecuadamente para vivir en la nueva sociedad del conocimiento y para afrontar los retos quede ella se deriven. En este artículo se aborda este tema central a todos los niveles educativos, analizando, principalmente, quéimplica estar capacitado para un aprendizaje autónomo y cómo promover dichas competencias en el aula

Nowadays, at the beginning of the XXI century, the main needs to be fulfilled by an educational system and the laws that supportit, and which the LOE expects to meet, are basically two. On the one hand, the first need is to provide with a high qualityeducation to all the educational system levels; which means the need to assume an important challenge: to achieve academicsuccess for young people; this idea basically means to improve the educational level of all students, and to obtain the highestdevelopment of all their abilities. On the other hand, nowadays, more than ever, education must prepare appropriately peopleboth to live in the new society of knowledge and to face the challenges derived from it. In this article, we tackle this main topicto all the educational levels; we essentially analyze what to be prepared for a self-governing learning means, and how to promotethese competences in the classroom

Olhares de género face à matemática: uma investigação no ensino obrigatório espanhol / Looking at Mathematics through gender: a study in Spanish compulsory education

O interesse pelo estudo das atitudes e o seu papel determinante na aprendizagem da matemática tem sido objecto de investigação há mais de 50 anos. Não obstante, actualmente, a investigação ainda se centra sobre as diferenças das atitudes das mulheres e dos homens, bem como sobre as causas de tais diferenças. No geral, os estudos realizados concluíram que, face à aprendizagem da matemática, as mulheres se percepcionam como menos competentes que os homens, embora estes estudos não sejam conclusivos. Outro dos dados emergentes sugere que, à medida que o estudante progride na escolaridade obrigatória, a atitude face à matemática vai sendo mais negativa. O presente trabalho aporta mais alguns dados sobre as diferenças nas atitudes face à matemática em função do género e do ano de escolaridade no contexto educativo espanhol.

Studying attitudes and their important role in learning Mathematics has been one of the concerns of research over the last fifty years. Nowadays research still deals with attitudes, but a new focus of interest comes to light: studying the differences between male and female attitudes and the reasons for that. Some existing studies state that females perceive themselves as less competent than males do in learning Mathematics but those studies are still not conclusive. Data also suggest that over school years students' attitudes grow more and more negative. The present study highlights the differences in attitudes towards Mathematics according to gender and school year in the Spanish educational context.

Olhares de género face à matemática: uma investigação no ensino obrigatório espanhol / Looking at Mathematics through gender: a study in Spanish compulsory education

O interesse pelo estudo das atitudes e o seu papel determinante na aprendizagem da matemática tem sido objecto de investigação há mais de 50 anos. Não obstante, actualmente, a investigação ainda se centra sobre as diferenças das atitudes das mulheres e dos homens, bem como sobre as causas de tais diferenças. No geral, os estudos realizados concluíram que, face à aprendizagem da matemática, as mulheres se percepcionam como menos competentes que os homens, embora estes estudos não sejam conclusivos. Outro dos dados emergentes sugere que, à medida que o estudante progride na escolaridade obrigatória, a atitude face à matemática vai sendo mais negativa. O presente trabalho aporta mais alguns dados sobre as diferenças nas atitudes face à matemática em função do género e do ano de escolaridade no contexto educativo espanhol.(AU)

Studying attitudes and their important role in learning Mathematics has been one of the concerns of research over the last fifty years. Nowadays research still deals with attitudes, but a new focus of interest comes to light: studying the differences between male and female attitudes and the reasons for that. Some existing studies state that females perceive themselves as less competent than males do in learning Mathematics but those studies are still not conclusive. Data also suggest that over school years students' attitudes grow more and more negative. The present study highlights the differences in attitudes towards Mathematics according to gender and school year in the Spanish educational context.(AU)

Metas académicas, estrategias cognitivas y estrategias de autorregulación del estudio / Academic goals, cognitive and self-regulatory strategies

En este artículo se analizan las diferencias en estrategias cognitivas (selección, organización, elaboración y memorización de información) y en estrategias de autorregulación del estudio (planificación y supervisión-revisión) según los niveles de las metas académicas de 447 estudiantes (55% hombres y 44,7% mujeres) de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria. Los resultados muestran que, además de las metas orientadas al aprendizaje, hay otras metas (orientadas a la valoración social y a la consecución de una buena situación laboral en el futuro) que promueven el uso de estrategias y la implicación en el estudio. Incluso aquellas metas orientadas al yo que llevan a una implicación en el estudio derivada de una defensa del yo y las derivadas de una búsqueda de mejora de la autoestima también están relacionadas significativamente con el uso de estrategias cognitivas y de autorregulación del estudio

In this paper we analyze diferences between cognitive (selection, organizational, elaboration and rehearsal) and self-regulatory (planning, monitoring-regulating) strategies depending on academic goals. A total of 447 obligatory secondary education students (55% boys and 44,7% girls) participated in this study. The results indicated that as well as learning goals, other goals (obtain social approval or a good job) are related to the use of strategies and study engagement. Even performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals are significantly related to cognitive and self-regulatory strategies use

[Academic goals, cognitive and self-regulatory strategies]. / Metas académicas, estrategias cognitivas y estrategias de autorregulación del estudio.

In this paper we analyze differences between cognitive (selection, organizational, elaboration and rehearsal) and self-regulatory (planning, monitoring-regulating) strategies depending on academic goals. A total of 447 obligatory secondary education students (55% boys and 44,7% girls) participated in this study. The results indicated that as well as learning goals, other goals (obtain social approval or a good job) are related to the use of strategies and study engagement. Even performance-approach and performance-avoidance goals are significantly related to cognitive and self-regulatory strategies use.