Influence of coffee roasting degree on antioxidant and metabolic parameters: Comprehensive in vitro and in vivo analysis.

This study aimed to assess the impact of roasting degree on antioxidant and metabolic parameters in vitro and in vivo. In vitro, we evaluated radical scavenging, lipid peroxidation, and the activity of digestive enzymes (α-glucosidase, α-amylase, and lipase). In vivo, we first examined coffee's effect on carbohydrate and lipid absorption in healthy rats, followed by a chronic evaluation of metabolic disorders and antioxidant markers using a diet-induced obesity model. In vitro results revealed that increased roasting degree reduced the antioxidant capacity of coffee brews. All brews showed lower inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase, and lipase inhibition compared to the positive control (acarbose or orlistat). In vivo, all roasting degrees consistently reduced postprandial glucose levels by 20%. Notably, coffee with a high roasting degree (HRD) decreased serum triglycerides (TG) by ∼44% after a lipid load, while other roasts did not. Chronic administration of unroasted (UN) or HRD coffee significantly reduced weight gain compared to the obese control (∼15% and ∼10%, respectively). Notably, all coffee samples improved lipid metabolism parameters. UN and HRD coffee significantly decreased adipocyte volume by 58% and 48%, respectively, compared to the obese control. Additionally, all groups exhibited less than 30% hepatic lipid droplets independent of roasting degree. HRD treatment notably increased liver catalase (CAT) activity and reduced lipid peroxidation in serum (∼90%), liver (∼59%), and adipose tissue (∼37%) compared to the obese control group. These findings suggest that HRD in coffee may confer certain biological advantages.

Initial evaluation and external validation of 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT in tubarial gland characterization.

INTRODUCTION: Radiotracer 68Ga-PSMA-11 used in PET/CT scans allows for identification and localization of gland tissue. It allows for their consideration in clinical scenarios and to design further and stronger research to answer pertinent questions regarding their function and implications. We aimed to externally validate first reported findings of location, size, and ligand uptake of the tubarial glands using 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A cross-sectional study was performed with 68Ga-PSMA-11 PET/CT studies of patients with prostate cancer confirmed diagnosis from the database of the Radiology Department from 2018 to 2022. The maximum cephalocaudal length (CCL) in the tubarial glands and the Maximum Standardized Uptake Value (SUVmax) of major glands were recorded. RESULTS: A total of 202 patients were included (mean age 67.43 ± 8.5). The mean CCL of the tubarial glands was 37.38 ± 9.84 and a SUVmax of 6.56 ± 2.14. The rest of the glands were as follows: parotid 15.12 ± 4.43, submandibular 16.82 ± 5.43 and sublingual 5.84 ± 3.24. No differences were found between laterality. A weak correlation between age and SUVmax of tubarial glands was identified. Tubarial glands had a similar 68Ga-PSMA-11 uptake to that of sublingual glands. CONCLUSION: This study corroborates the existence of a conglomerate of glands in the nasopharynx roof, near the posterolateral pharyngeal recess. It serves as validation in a different population with similar results in previous research. Without 68GA-PSMA-11 PET/CT the abundance, configuration and potential clinical relevance of these glands would probably not have been identified. Radiotracer uptake was similar amongst the major salivary glands, with a more similar uptake to that shown by the sublingual gland.

Gold Nanoparticles as Drug Carriers: The Role of Silica and PEG as Surface Coatings in Optimizing Drug Loading.

The use of gold nanoparticles as drug delivery systems has received increasing attention due to their unique properties, such as their high stability and biocompatibility. However, gold nanoparticles have a high affinity for proteins, which can result in their rapid clearance from the body and limited drug loading capabilities. To address these limitations, we coated the gold nanoparticles with silica and PEG, which are known to improve the stability of nanoparticles. The synthesis of the nanoparticles was carried out using a reduction method. The nanoparticles' size, morphology, and drug loading capacity were also studied. The SEM images showed a spherical and homogeneous morphology; they also showed that the coatings increased the average size of the nanoparticles. The results of this study provide insight into the potential of gold nanoparticles coated with silica and PEG as drug delivery systems. We used ibuprofen as a model drug and found that the highest drug load occurred in PEG-coated nanoparticles and then in silica-coated nanoparticles, while the uncoated nanoparticles had a lower drug loading capacity. The coatings were found to significantly improve the stability and drug load properties of the nanoparticles, making them promising candidates for further development as targeted and controlled release drug delivery systems.

Neurovascular structures in the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus. A computed tomography evaluation.

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES: Anatomical variations of the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus and its relations with the adjacent neurovascular structures should be preoperatively evaluated to plan an adequate surgical approach and avoid iatrogenic injuries. This study aims to analyze the patterns of pneumatization of the lateral recess of the sphenoid sinus and their association with the presence of protrusion and dehiscence of the optic canal, carotid canal, vidian canal, and maxillary nerve. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 320 sphenoid sinuses by computed tomography was performed. Studied variables included type of lateral recess, and protrusion, and dehiscence of the optic and carotid canal, and vidian and maxillary nerve. RESULTS: The mean age was 45.67±17.43. A total of 55.6% (n=178) of the evaluated sphenoid sinuses corresponded to male subjects. Protrusion of the carotid canal, maxillary nerve, and vidian canal was associated with a type 3 lateral recess pneumatization, while dehiscence of these structures was most commonly observed in a type 2 lateral recess (p=<0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Protrusion or dehiscence of neurovascular structures surrounding the sphenoid sinus has been associated with the extent of pneumatization of the lateral recess, increasing the risk of intraoperative injury. Preoperative identification of anatomical variations is mandatory to select the best approach for skull base lesions and avoid iatrogenic injuries.

Síndrome de Mirizzi grado IV. Presentación de un caso

El Síndrome de Mirizzi es una afección derivada del impacto de un lito en el conducto cístico o infundíbulo de la vesícula biliar. La enfermedad litiásica, crónica y complicada de la vesícula biliar es un factor determinante. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con historia de íctero obstructivo, al cual se le diagnosticó inicialmente tumor periampular. Fue reevaluado y se le realizaron varias pruebas diagnósticas, hasta llegar al diagnóstico de Síndrome de Mirizzi, corroborado en el acto quirúrgico. El SM es una enfermedad rara de la vía biliar cuyo tratamiento es quirúrgico. La vía laparoscópica para la realización de la colecistectomía es la de elección para casos grado I y en casos seleccionados grado II. La colecistectomía y derivación bilioentérica (hepaticoyeyunostomía) conforman el tratamiento para el resto de los casos.

Mirizzi Syndrome is a condition derived from the impact of a stone in the cystic duct or infundibulum of the gallbladder. Chronic and complicated stone disease of the gallbladder is a determining factor. A patient with a history of obstructive jaundice, who was initially diagnosed with a periampullary tumor is presented. He was reassessed and several diagnostic tests were performed, until reaching the diagnosis of Mirizzi Syndrome, corroborated in the surgical act. MS is a rare disease of the bile duct whose treatment is surgical. The laparoscopic approach to perform cholecystectomy is the one of choice for grade I cases and in selected cases grade II. Cholecystectomy and bilioenteric bypass (hepaticojejunostomy) are the treatment for the rest of the cases.

Endolymphatic Sac Tumor as a Ménière-Like Vertiginous Syndrome: A Case Report.

Endolymphatic sac tumors are rare benign neoplasms with locally aggressive behavior located in the posterior petrous ridge of the temporal bone. They cause sensorineural hearing loss and may develop vestibular damage. A 24-year-old male patient arrived at our office with a history of acute vertiginous syndrome, left hearing loss, and tinnitus 1-year ago. His chief complaint was an increase in auditory symptoms. A CT scan and MRI showed an endolymphatic sac tumor. Complete resection of the lesion was achieved by a transmastoid and translabyrinthine approach. Low-grade adenocarcinoma was confirmed by histopathology. The patient remained without clinical vestibular symptoms. However, a small residual tumor was addressed by gamma-ray radiosurgery. Postoperative deep left sensorineural hearing loss was identified, without any vestibular sequelae. Radiologic imaging is the most useful tool for this diagnosis. Endolymphatic sac tumors should be in the differential diagnosis of recalcitrant audio-vestibular symptoms. Complete surgical resection is the most appropriate management.

"Chronic granulomatous invasive fungal rhinosinusitis associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection: A case report".

INTRODUCTION AND IMPORTANCE: Granulomatous chronic invasive fungal rhinosinusitis (GCIFR) is a rare entity with scarce cases reported mainly in subtropical areas. Its prevalence among individuals with clinical suspicion of fungal rhinosinusitis has been reported in approximately 20% in subtropical populations, unlike North America with a prevalence of 0.5%. It is typically associated with Aspergillus flavus and the presence of noncaseating granulomas or Langerhans giant cells on histopathologic examination. CASE PRESENTATION: We describe a case of a patient with clinical history of recent SARS-CoV-2 infection and development of intense cephalalgia, visual impairment, palpebral ptosis, and limitation of extraocular movements. MRI demonstrated the presence of opacification of paranasal sinuses, and a left intraconal abscess. A surgical endoscopic approach was performed and histopathologic examination revealed frontal GCIFR and maxillary fungus ball. Treatment with IV azoles provided adequate clinical response. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: The spectrum of the fungal rhinosinusitis disease is not clear. However, non-invasive fungal rhinosinusitis is not often found concomitantly with invasive types. GCIFR typically manifests with an indolent and gradual progression at early stages. Advanced stages can exhibit orbital and intracranial involvement leading to visual impairment, frequent relapses, and a poor prognosis. A higher incidence of invasive fungal rhinosinusitis has been reported in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection despite an unremarkable medical history, associated with immune dysregulation. CONCLUSION: GCIFR is a rare condition with few cases reported in America. Because of its uncommonness, its diagnosis is often delayed leading to increased morbidity and mortality.

Mortality and clinical characteristics of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) associated with covid-19 in critically ill patients: an observational multicenter study (MISCO study).

BACKGROUND: The clinical presentation and severity of Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children associated with COVID-19 (MIS-C) is widespread and presents a very low mortality rate in high-income countries. This research describes the clinical characteristics of MIS-C in critically ill children in middle-income countries and the factors associated with the rate of mortality and patients with critical outcomes. METHODS: An observational cohort study was conducted in 14 pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) in Colombia between April 01, 2020, and January 31, 2021. Patient age ranged between one month and 18 years, and each patient met the requirements set forth by the World Health Organization (WHO) for MIS-C. RESULTS: There were seventy-eight children in this study. The median age was seven years (IQR 1-11), 18 % (14/78) were under one year old, and 56 % were male. 35 % of patients (29/78) were obese or overweight. The PICU stay per individual was six days (IQR 4-7), and 100 % had a fever upon arrival to the clinic lasting at least five days (IQR 3.7-6). 70 % (55/78) of patients had diarrhea, and 87 % (68/78) had shock or systolic myocardial dysfunction (78 %). Coronary aneurysms were found in 35 % (27/78) of cases, and pericardial effusion was found in 36 %. When compared to existing data in high-income countries, there was a higher mortality rate observed (9 % vs. 1.8 %; p=0.001). When assessing the group of patients that did not survive, a higher frequency of ferritin levels was found, above 500 ngr/mL (100 % vs. 45 %; p=0.012), as well as more cardiovascular complications (100 % vs. 54 %; p = 0.019) when compared to the group that survived. The main treatments received were immunoglobulin (91 %), vasoactive support (76 %), steroids (70.5 %) and antiplatelets (44 %). CONCLUSIONS: Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children due to SARS-CoV-2 in critically ill children living in a middle-income country has some clinical, laboratory, and echocardiographic characteristics similar to those described in high-income countries. The observed inflammatory response and cardiovascular involvement were conditions that, added to the later presentation, may explain the higher mortality seen in these children.

Anatomical and positional variants of the brachiocephalic trunk in a Mexican population.

BACKGROUND: Brachiocephalic trunk (BCT) variants may have a clinical impact during surgical procedures, some of which could be fatal. The objective of this study was to classify height positions of the BCT and report their prevalence in a Mexican population. METHODS: Patients: A retrospective, descriptive, observational, and cross-sectional was performed using computed tomography angiography (CTA) of adult (> 18 years of age) patients, without gender distinction, of Mexican origin. Measuring techniques were standardized using the suprasternal notch to analyze linear and maximum heights, linear and curved lengths, and the vertebral origin and bifurcation levels of the BCT. RESULTS: A total of 270 CTA were obtained (66.7% men and 33.3% women). A high position of BCT was present in 64.81% (n 175/270). The mean linear medial height was 0.58 ± 1.91 cm, the maximum height of the free edge was 3.85 ± 2.04 cm, side length of the midline at the maximum height of the free edge was 1.46 ± 2.59, linear length 3.72 ± 0.70, and a curve length 3.99 ± 0.79. The BCT origin was most predominant at the T3 (57.9%) and T4 (27.0%) vertebral levels, with the bifurcation at T2 (57.9%) and T1 (36.2%). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of high position BCT in our population. Patients should be assessed before any procedures in the area, due to the potential risk of complications.

Cirugía mayor abdominal electiva sin descompresión nasogástrica y con apertura precoz de vía oral / Major Elective Abdominal Surgery without Nasogastric Decompression and with Early Opening of the Oral Route

Introducción: La descompresión con sonda nasogástrica y la vía oral cerrada por varios días, ha sido práctica común tras procedimientos quirúrgicos electivos del tracto digestivo. Los programas para mejorar la recuperación posoperatoria (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery), aconsejan cambiar esta práctica. Objetivo: Evaluar el cumplimiento y repercusión en la evolución posoperatoria de dos acciones del programa en el retiro de la sonda nasogástrica y la apertura de la vía oral el día de la intervención. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo, en el Servicio de Cirugía General del Hospital "Hermanos Ameijeiras" de septiembre 2017 a agosto 2020. La muestra fue de 270 pacientes con intervención quirúrgica mayor electiva del colon, hígado, vía biliar o páncreas, a los que se les aplicó el programa para mejorar la recuperación posoperatoria. Resultados: En 79,6 por ciento de pacientes, la sonda nasogástrica se retiró en el quirófano tras la intervención y esto se asoció a más rápida recuperación de la función intestinal, menor estadía, complicaciones, reingresos y reintervenciones. En 60 por ciento se inició la vía oral 6 horas después de la cirugía y 79,6 por ciento toleraban dieta blanda a las 48 horas. Estos pacientes presentaron menos complicaciones y mortalidad. Conclusiones: En el contexto de un programa para mejorar la recuperación posoperatoria, tras cirugía abdominal electiva, el retiro de la sonda nasogástrica el día de la intervención, con apertura precoz de la vía oral y rápida progresión a dieta blanda, son acciones bien toleradas que repercuten positivamente en la evolución posoperatoria(AU)

Introduction: Nasogastric tube decompression, together with the oral route closed for several days, has been a common practice after elective surgical procedures of the digestive tract. Programs to improve postoperative recovery (Enhanced Recovery After Surgery) advise changing this practice. Objective: To assess compliance and impact on postoperative evolution of two program actions for nasogastric tube removal and opening of the oral route on the intervention day. Methods: A prospective study was carried out, from September 2017 to August 2020, in the general surgery service of Hermanos Ameijeiras Hospital. The sample consisted of 270 patients who underwent major elective surgery of the colon, liver, bile duct or pancreas and were applied the program to improve postoperative recovery. Results: In 79.6 percent of patients, the nasogastric tube was removed in the operating room after the intervention, a fact associated with faster recovery of intestinal function, shorter stay, as well as fewer complications, readmissions and reinterventions. In 60 percent of the patients, the oral route was started at six hours after surgery, while 79.6 percent of them tolerated a soft diet at 48 hours. These patients presented fewer complications and mortality. Conclusions: In the context of a program to improve postoperative recovery after elective abdominal surgery, nasogastric tube removal on the intervention day, with early opening of the oral route and rapid progression to a soft diet, are well-tolerated actions that have a positive effect on postoperative evolution(AU)

Sphenoid Sinus: Pneumatization and Septation Patterns in a Hispanic Population.

INTRODUCTION: Pneumatization of the sphenoid sinus (SS) varies widely among different ethnic groups. Information regarding the prevalence and significance of SS variants among Hispanic groups is limited. This study aims to describe and analyze pneumatization and septation patterns of the SS in a Hispanic population. METHODS: A total of 160 paranasal sinus computed tomographies were reviewed by a head and neck-specialized radiologist and 2 otolaryngologists. RESULTS: The postsellar and sellar types were the most frequent patterns of pneumatization observed, with a prevalence of 52.5 and 40%, respectively. Accessory septations were present in 59.4% of the patients. Septa were inserting over the internal carotid artery (ICA) in 43.8% and over the optic nerve in 17.5% of the population. No significant association (p > 0.05) was observed when comparing the different accessory septation patterns among the types of the SS. The frequency of septa inserting on the ICA was significantly higher in postsellar types (p < 0.001). Pneumatization of the anterior clinoid process, pterygoid processes, and greater wing was present in 20, 17.5, and 45.9% of the sinuses, respectively. Onodi cells were encountered in 40% of the sinuses. There were no significant differences in any of the pneumatization and septation variables when compared by gender and age (p > 0.05). DISCUSSION/CONCLUSION: Differences regarding anatomical variants and septations of the SS were observed in our study when compared with findings reported in other ethnic groups. Preoperative assessment of the anatomical variants of the SS in Mexican patients is imperative to select the most optimal surgical approach and prevent iatrogenic injuries to related neurovascular structures.

Hemangioma hepático gigante / Giant Hepatic Hemangioma

Introducción: Los hemangiomas hepáticos son lesiones no epiteliales que se observan con mucha frecuencia en piezas quirúrgicas resecadas por otras razones. Los hemangiomas que miden 10 cm o más, denominados "hemangiomas gigantes", pueden producir síntomas, como dolor y manifestaciones de un síndrome de reacción inflamatoria y coagulopatía. Los hemangiomas hepáticos son los tumores hepáticos primarios más frecuentes y están presentes en un 0,4-20 por ciento de la población general y es característico que se detecten de manera accidental durante la evaluación de síntomas abdominales inespecíficos. Objetivo: Presentar a una paciente portadora de un hemangioma gigante y características anatómicas peculiares intervenida quirúrgicamente con buenos resultados y evolución excelente. Caso clínico: Paciente de sexo femenino de 24 años de edad, portadora de un Hemangioma hepático gigante en segmento lateral, con variante anatómica vascular que dificultó la embolización y facilitó la cirugía. Se realizó una lobectomía hepática izquierda con una evolución clínica satisfactoria y sin complicaciones. Conclusiones: Las resecciones quirúrgicas de hemangiomas gigantes sintomáticos son una opción terapéutica segura y muy válida ante el fracaso de la embolización(AU)

Introduction: Hepatic hemangiomas are nonepithelial lesions much frequently observed in surgical specimens resected for other reasons. Hemangiomas ten centimeters or more, called "giant hemangiomas," can cause symptoms such as pain, as well as manifestations of an inflammatory reaction syndrome and coagulopathy. Hepatic hemangiomas are the commonest primary hepatic tumors, are present in 0.4-20 percent of the general population, and are typically accidentally detected during the evaluation of nonspecific abdominal symptoms. Objective: To present the case of a patient with a giant hemangioma and unusual anatomical characteristics, who underwent surgery with good outcome and excellent evolution. Clinical case: 24-year-old female patient with a giant hepatic hemangioma in the lateral segment, with a vascular anatomical variant that made embolization difficult and facilitated surgery. A left hepatic lobectomy was performed with satisfactory and uncomplicated clinical evolution. Conclusions: Surgical resections of symptomatic giant hemangiomas are a safe and very valid therapeutic option in case of embolization failure(AU)

Factores de riesgo asociados a la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en niño / Risk factors associated with t he loss of dental arch length in children

Los dientes se mantienen en relación correcta debido a una serie de fuerzas que constituyen el equilibrio dentario, si se altera una de esas fuerzas se producen modificaciones en relación a los dientes adyacentes ocasionando un problema de espacio en las arcadas dentarias. El objetivo fue identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en niños. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en niños de la Escuela Primaria Frank País perteneciente al área de salud de la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas Manuel Cedeño, entre enero de 2018 y febrero de 2019. El universo fue de 160 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La pérdida prematura de dientes temporales se presentó como factor de riesgo que propició la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en el 75,62 por ciento de los niños estudiados, seguido de la caries dental proximal (70,62 por ciento), hábito de succión digital (74,37 por ciento) y anormalidad de la musculatura bucal (61,25 por ciento); el grupo de 7-9 años fue el más afectado. Se concluye que existe una relación entre la pérdida prematura de dientes temporales, la caries dental proximal, la succión digital y anormalidad de la musculatura bucal como factores de riesgo para la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en niños(AU)

The teeth are maintained in correct relation due to a series of forces that constitute the dental balance, if one of these forces is altered, changes are made in relation to the adjacent teeth, causing a space problem in the dental arches. The objective was to identify the risk factors associated with the loss of dental arch length in children. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted in children of the Frank País Primary School belonging to the health area of the Manuel Cedeño University Clinic of Stomatological Specialties, between January 2018 and February 2019. The universe was 160 patients who complied with the inclusion criteria.The premature loss of temporary teeth was presented as a risk factor that led to the loss of the length of the dental arch in 75,62 percent of the children studied, followed by proximal dental caries (70,62 percent), digital suction habit (74,37 percent) and abnormality of the buccal musculature (61,25 percent); the group of 7-9 years was the most affected. It is concluded that there is a relationship between premature loss of temporary teeth, proximal dental caries, digital suction and abnormality of the buccal musculature as risk factors for the loss of dental arch length in children(EU)

Fatores de risco associados à perda do comprimento da arcada dentária em crianças / Factores de riesgo asociados a la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en niños / Risk factors associated with the loss of dental arch length in children

RESUMO Os dentes são mantidos em correta relação devido a uma série de forças que constituem o equilíbrio dentário, se uma dessas forças for alterada, são feitas alterações em relação aos dentes adjacentes, causando um problema de espaço nas arcadas dentárias. O objetivo foi identificar os fatores de risco associados à perda do comprimento da arcada dentária em crianças. Foi realizado um estudo observacional transversal descritivo em crianças da Escola Primária "Frank País" pertencente à área de saúde da Clínica Universitária de Especialidades Estomatológicas "Manuel Cedeño", entre janeiro de 2018 e fevereiro de 2019. O universo foi de 160 pacientes que cumpriram os critérios de inclusão. A perda prematura de dentes temporários apresentou-se como um fator de risco que levou à perda do comprimento da arcada dentária em 75,62 % das crianças estudadas, seguida pela cárie proximal (70,62 %), hábito de sucção digital (74,37 %) e anormalidade da musculatura vestibular (61,25 %); o grupo de 7-9 anos foi o mais afetado. Conclui-se que existe relação entre a perda prematura de dentes temporários, a cárie proximal, a sucção digital e a anormalidade da musculatura vestibular como fatores de risco para a perda do comprimento da arcada dentária em crianças.

RESUMEN Los dientes se mantienen en relación correcta debido a una serie de fuerzas que constituyen el equilibrio dentario, si se altera una de esas fuerzas se producen modificaciones en relación a los dientes adyacentes ocasionando un problema de espacio en las arcadas dentarias. El objetivo fue identificar los factores de riesgo asociados a la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en niños. Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en niños de la Escuela Primaria "Frank País" perteneciente al área de salud de la Clínica Universitaria de Especialidades Estomatológicas Manuel Cedeño, entre enero de 2018 y febrero de 2019. El universo fue de 160 pacientes que cumplieron con los criterios de inclusión. La pérdida prematura de dientes temporales se presentó como factor de riesgo que propició la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en el 75,62 % de los niños estudiados, seguido de la caries dental proximal (70,62 %), hábito de succión digital (74,37 %) y anormalidad de la musculatura bucal (61,25 %); el grupo de 7-9 años fue el más afectado. Se concluye que existe una relación entre la pérdida prematura de dientes temporales, la caries dental proximal, la succión digital y anormalidad de la musculatura bucal como factores de riesgo para la pérdida de la longitud del arco dental en niños.

ABSTRACT The teeth are maintained in correct relation due to a series of forces that constitute the dental balance, if one of these forces is altered, changes are made in relation to the adjacent teeth, causing a space problem in the dental arches. The objective was to identify the risk factors associated with the loss of dental arch length in children. A descriptive cross-sectional observational study was conducted in children of the "Frank País" Primary School belonging to the health area of the "Manuel Cedeño" University Clinic of Stomatological Specialties, between January 2018 and February 2019. The universe was 160 patients who complied with the inclusion criteria. The premature loss of temporary teeth was presented as a risk factor that led to the loss of the length of the dental arch in 75,62 % of the children studied, followed by proximal dental caries (70,62 %), digital suction habit (74,37 %) and abnormality of the buccal musculature (61,25 %); the group of 7-9 years was the most affected. It is concluded that there is a relationship between premature loss of temporary teeth, proximal dental caries, digital suction and abnormality of the buccal musculature as risk factors for the loss of dental arch length in children.

Abdomen agudo durante la pandemia COVID-19 / Acute Abdomen during the COVID-19 Pandemic

RESUMEN La pandemia actual COVID-19 ha afectado la población mundial con cifras alarmantes de contaminados y fallecidos, con un agotamiento de los recursos logísticos de los sistemas de salud. No serán pocos los pacientes sospechosos o confirmados de esta enfermedad que necesitarán tratamiento quirúrgico impostergable. El objetivo del estudio es exponer un conjunto de medidas para garantizar la mejor atención de estos pacientes, reducir la posibilidad de contagio entre pacientes, del personal sanitario y el desarrollo de complicaciones postoperatorias. Se realizó una revisión de la literatura actualizada sobre el tema en formato digital, en publicaciones en idioma inglés y español. La reorganización de los servicios quirúrgicos es necesaria para garantizar la mejor atención a los pacientes, salvaguardar al personal sanitario y utilizar adecuadamente los recursos del sistema de salud(AU)

ABSTRACT The current COVID-19 pandemic has affected the world population with alarming numbers of contaminated and fatalities, with a depletion of the logistical resources of health systems. There will be few suspected or confirmed patients of this disease who will need urgent surgical treatment. The objective of the study is to present a set of measures to guarantee the best care of these patients, reduce the possibility of contagion between patients, health personnel and the development of postoperative complications. A review of the updated literature on the subject was carried out in digital format, in publications in English and Spanish. The reorganization of surgical services is necessary to guarantee the best care for patients, safeguard health personnel, and use the resources of the health system properly(AU)

Prevalence of facial canal dehiscence and other bone defects by computed tomography.

INTRODUCTION: The facial nerve is the most vulnerable structure during otological surgeries. Facial canal dehiscence (FCD) is the main risk factor for iatrogenic injuries. Its prevalence in clinical studies ranges between 6 and 33.3%, while anatomical studies report 25-57%. The objective was to determine the prevalence of FCD stratified by age and gender in a healthy population. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Temporal bones from high-resolution computed tomography (CT) were analyzed. Patients with a history of trauma or tumors of the temporal bone, cholesteatomas, chronic middle ear disease, and any pathology that could modify the bone's anatomy, were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 184 temporal bones were included. FCD was observed in 94 (51.2%) of the analyzed bones. The tympanic portion was the most frequently affected site with 91 (49.5%), followed by the mastoid segment with 3 (1.6%). No dehiscence was found in the labyrinth portion. We observed 30 (31.9%) of the FCD involved the oval window. Other bone defects identified with the FCD included: 11 (11.7%) with a lateral semicircular canal fistula and 7 (7.4%) with tegmen tympani erosions. CONCLUSION: FCD has a high prevalence among healthy patients. A pre-surgical otological evaluation using high-resolution CT should be indicated to properly assess the patient and reduce the risk of injury.

Tumor de estroma gastrointestinal gigante de estómago / A Gigantic Gastrointestinal Stroma Tumor of the Stomach

RESUMEN Los tumores del estroma gastrointestinal son los tumores mesenquimales más frecuentes en el tracto gastrointestinal, entre el 20 y el 45 por ciento son malignos. Se originan de las células de Cajal o de sus precursores. La clínica más frecuente es la presencia de un tumor abdominal, la hemorragia digestiva por ulceración de la mucosa y el dolor o sensación de plenitud abdominal. Estos tumores pueden tener un largo período de crecimiento silente hasta que por su tamaño se manifiestan clínicamente, suelen tener un crecimiento expansivo desplazando las estructuras vecinas sin invadirlas. Se presenta a un paciente con un tumor del estroma gastrointestinal de estómago con proporciones inusualmente grandes, que fuera intervenido por nuestro grupo con una evolución satisfactoria(AU)

ABSTRACT Gastrointestinal stromal tumors are the most frequent mesenchymal tumors of the gastrointestinal tract, and are malignant in 20-45 percent. They originate from Cajal cells or their precursors. The most frequent clinical symptoms are the presence of an abdominal tumor, digestive hemorrhage due to mucosa ulceration, and pain or sensation of abdominal fullness. These tumors may have a long period of silent growth until, due to their size, they manifest clinically; they tend to have expansive growth, displacing neighboring structures without invading them. We present the case of a patient with a gastrointestinal stroma tumor of the stomach of unusually large proportions, who underwent surgery by our team and with a satisfactory evolution(AU)

Primary maxillary chondrosarcoma: A case report.

BACKGROUND: Sarcomas of the head and neck region are rare tumors, constituting less than 1% of malignant neoplasms in this area, of which few cases (20%) originate from bone or cartilage. Chondrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm that develops in bone, with a predilection for the pelvis, chest wall, and scapula, and is uncommon in the maxilla and jaw. Although this type of lesion has locally aggressive behavior, destroying the affected bone, it can metastasize when it is not diagnosed early and compromise the patient's life. CASE SUMMARY: On intraoral examination of a 32-year-old female with a tumor in the middle third of the face, a well-defined rise in volume of approximately 3 cm in diameter was observed. Computed tomography with 3-dimensional reconstruction was performed, and we observed that the osteolytic lesion affected the vestibular cortex as the palatal bone. Hematoxylin and eosin staining revealed an appearance that was similar to mature hyaline cartilage, hypercellularity, nuclear and cellular pleomorphism, and multinucleated cells, with significant vacuolization. CONCLUSION: Determination of the clinical and histopathological characteristics of rare neoplasms in the maxillofacial region, such as chondrosarcomas, allows the pathologist and surgeon to make the appropriate therapeutic decisions, optimizing the patient's prognosis.