Results from the Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST).

The Baksan Experiment on Sterile Transitions (BEST) was designed to investigate the deficit of electron neutrinos ν_{e} observed in previous gallium-based radiochemical measurements with high-intensity neutrino sources, commonly referred to as the "gallium anomaly," which could be interpreted as evidence for oscillations between ν_{e} and sterile neutrino (ν_{s}) states. A 3.414-MCi ^{51}Cr ν_{e} source was placed at the center of two nested Ga volumes and measurements were made of the production of ^{71}Ge through the charged current reaction, ^{71}Ga(ν_{e},e^{-})^{71}Ge, at two average distances. The measured production rates for the inner and the outer targets, respectively, are [54.9_{-2.4}^{+2.5}(stat)±1.4(syst)] and [55.6_{-2.6}^{+2.7}(stat)±1.4(syst)] atoms of ^{71}Ge/d. The ratio (R) of the measured rate of ^{71}Ge production at each distance to the expected rate from the known cross section and experimental efficiencies are R_{in}=0.79±0.05 and R_{out}=0.77±0.05. The ratio of the outer to the inner result is 0.97±0.07, which is consistent with unity within uncertainty. The rates at each distance were found to be similar, but 20%-24% lower than expected, thus reaffirming the anomaly. These results are consistent with ν_{e}→ν_{s} oscillations with a relatively large Δm^{2} (>0.5 eV^{2}) and mixing sin^{2}2θ (≈0.4).

[Modeling the dynamics of the effective population size of the Okhotsk Sea pollock in the Holocene era on the basis of genetic variability in the Nd2 and Cytb mtDNA loci].

We used Bayesian statistics to investigate the demographic history of the walleye pollock in the sea of Okhotks based on polymorphisms of sequences of the Nd2 and Cytb mitochondrial genes. We determined the average age for the Most Recent Common Ancestor (MRCA) as 44.1 ± 2 and 52.6 1.3 thousand years, respectively, for Nd2 and Cytb. These findings suggest that demographic expansion of the Okhotsk Sea pollock began 10-12 thousand years ago, which coincides with the period of global changes in the sea level during the Late Pleistocene-Early Holocene eras.

[Informativity of some of the molecular markers most frequently used in population genetics of salmonids].

The genetic parameters of donor and artificial populations of Siberian salmon (Oncorhynchus keta) have been analyzed. The parameters were obtained Wvith the use of different molecular markers as well as mathematic modeling based on experimental data. The difference between results is explained by the different resolving power of individual markers and/or stochastic effects. It is assumed that these factors together with temporal differentiation of spawning salmonid populations and the stable interpopulation gene flow constrain resolution of methods based on the use of molecular markers and designated for the analysis of differentiation of salmonid populations.

[Phylogeography of pacific herring Clupea pallasii from Eurasian seas].

Eleven samples of Pacific herring from the four seas of Eurasia (Sea of Japan, Sea of Okhotsk, Bering Sea, and White Sea), and one sample of Atlantic herring were analyzed. Complete and partial sequences of the mtDNA control region with the sizes up to 1071 bp were used. To verify the haplogroups identified, additional sequencing of the cytochrome oxidase I gene was performed. It was demonstrated that Pacific herring from the seas of Eurasia belonged to one mitochondrial haplogroup. The gene flow between the localities from different parts of the Far Eastern sea basins was about 11% per locality, per generation, which led to constant leveling of herring intraspecific differentiation. The data presented gave no reasons for subdivision of the herring populations in accordance to ecological characters (lacustrine and marine). Analysis of global molecular variance (global AMOVA) demonstrated that in Asian water basins, more than 98% of molecular polymorphism was found within the samples at the low level of significance (p < 0.05).

[Effect of random sample size on the accuracy of nucleotide diversity estimation].

Mathematical simulation has been used to analyze how the sample size affects the accuracy of the estimation of molecular variation in a population. The sample size was varied from 1/200 to 1/4 of the total size of the simulated population. The possible effect of the length of the nucleotide sequences compared has also been estimated; it was varied from 500 to 15 000 bp. A tendency towards underestimation of the mean nucleotide diversity (pi) by about 25% of the expected value has been found. The sample size and/or the length of the nucleotide sequence used have been shown to affect more the scatter of the pi values than the accuracy of its measurement (the proportion of correct estimates of pi is about 14%). The assumption is made that the sample size affects the probability of accepting a false null hypothesis in analysis of the demographic history of a species.

[Effect of complamin on the levels of ACTH, cortisol and lipids in the blood of elderly patients with ischemic heart disease]. / Vliianie komplamina na soderzhanie AKTG, kortizola i lipidov v krovi bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa starshikh vozrastnykh grupp.

Blood ACTH, cortisol and lipid levels, as well as complamin effects thereon, were studied in 116 elderly and old coronary patients. Changes of lipid metabolism were not identical in coronary patients of different age. They were particularly unfavorable in old age. ACTH and cortisol levels and the ACTH/cortisol ratio change with age, and the highest hypercortisolemia is found in old age. Complamin regulates lipid metabolism and blood ACTH and cortisol in coronary patients of advanced age. The ACTH/cortisol ratio is however unaffected by treatment and remains stable in all age groups.

[Triglycerides, total cholesterol, cholesterol lipoprotein fractions and testosterone in the blood of men with ischemic heart disease in relation to age]. / Uroven' triglitseridov, obshchego kholesterina, cholesterina lipoproteidnykh fraktsii i testosterona v krovi bol'nykh ishemicheskoi bolezn'iu serdtsa muzhchin v zavisimosti ot vozrasta.

Blood levels of triglycerides, total cholesterol, lipoprotein-fractions cholesterol and testosterone were measured in 122 male patients with coronary disease. The patterns of triglycerides, total and lipoprotein-fractions cholesterol and testosterone were found to be age-dependent in male blood, with more pronounced alteration in elderly patients. A relationship was established between testosterone and cholesterol of high- and low-density lipoproteins in middle-aged and old men.

[Effect of adrenaline on rat atrial and ventricular chronoinotropy]. / Vliianie adrenalina na khronoinotropiiu predserdii i zheludochkov krysy.

The atria and ventricles were shown to differ from each other in: temporal course of contractions, relations between the strength of contractions and the interstimuli interval, resting potentiation, transitional processes after intermissions, character of response to adrenaline. For the first time the adrenaline was shown to annihilate differences in restitution processes occurring in atria and ventricles. The differences of responses in atria and ventricles seem to be due to concentration of endogenous catecholamines which modulate the electromechanical coupling of the rhythmically working myocardium.