[Surgical treatment of primary malignant tumors of the trachea].

The authors have performed 18 circular resections of the trachea (CRT) for adenocystic cancer and typical carcinoid. In 10 of these patients more than 5 cm of the tracheal segment were ablated. Postoperative radiotherapy was made on 8 patients with adenocystic cancer with lengthy CRT. Immediate and long-term results were good that allowed the authors to recommend a single-stage circular resection of the trachea in treatment of high differentiated forms of cancer.

[About the terminology of the battle mechanical damages].

The terminology of the battle mechanical damages has a direct connection with determination of frequency and structure of such damages and value of sanitary loss. The entitled figures are necessary for troop basis during the medical treatment. The present article is written because of appearance in large academic and research works of military-medical directionality inadequate and incorrect data of frequency of damages by the similar wounds. It is caused by the false methodological approach to the usage of this terminology and requires the valid correction of results of such works.

[Damages of ENT-organs inflicted by the weapon of not-lethal (traumatic) action].

There was effectuated a research of killability of traumatic weapon in laboratory as well as during analyzing of clinical observations. There were considered the results of treatment of 8 persons, suffered from traumatic weapon. It was occurred a clinical recovery by 7 wounded persons from 8. There was 1 case of lethal outcome for first hours, caused by trauma of temporal bone and cerebrum (suicide). Thus, influence of traumatic weapon on ENT-organs can be a reason of serious penetrating wounds, facial bones fracture, hematomas and contusion, formation of foreign bodies and middle ear barotraumas.

[Surgical treatment of laryngotracheal cicatricial stenoses].

An analysis of results of 18 laryngotracheal resections in patients after prolonged artificial pulmonary ventilation with circular, A-shaped or mixed forms of stenosis has shown that one-stage sleeve resection of the larynx below the glottis and upper third of the trachea with the formation of primary anastomosis is possible without placing a stent when they have cicatricial lesion. In patients with laryngotracheal stenosis the sleeve laryngotracheal resection is recommended with primary thyrocricoid tracheal anastomosis as a comparatively safe and effective reconstructive operation giving good immediate and long-term results.

[The potential of surgical and bronchoscopic treatment of idiopathic scarry stenoses of the trachea].

Tracheolaryngeal resection is indicated for treatment of idiopathic scarry stenosis of the trachea with destruction of the cartilaginous tracheal semi-rings and cricoid cartilage. The proximity of anastomosis to the vocal folds does not influence the function of the vocal folds, if all technical peculiarities of the operation are observed. The bronchoscopic elimination of the scarry stenosis using laser dissection of the fibrous tissue, bougieurage and temporary endoprosthesis with a silicon T-shape stent is indicated in case of the saved integrity of the cartilaginous carcass of the trachea and larynx.

[Jet transcatheter artificial ventilation in the surgical treatment of tracheal cicatricial stenosis].

The authors present the results of a study of the baseline condition, the parameters of external respiratory function, gas exchange, and hemodynamics in 42 patients with tracheal cicatricial stenosis (TCS). The impact of transcatheter normofrequency artificial ventilation (AL) on the respiratory and circulatory parameters was studied during surgical TCS removal. The baseline impairments were identified in the external respiratory system and in the hemodynamic provision of breathing processes, which corresponded to first-second grade respiratory failure disorders, despite preoperative tracheal bougienage elimination. Normofrequency and high-frequency AL is the method of choice in treating patients with concomitant respiratory diseases.

[Surgical treatment of the tracheal scarry stenoses]. / Khirurgicheskoe lechenie rubtsovykh stenozov trakhei.

Surgical policy for scarry tracheal stenosis is analyzed. In the years 1998-2003 in the clinic there were 32 circular resections of the trachea. More than 5 cm of the tracheal segment was ablated in 15 of the cases. The initially performed endoscopic treatment including bougieurage and trachea endoprosthesis was carried out in 19 patients. The immediate and long-term results were satisfactory in all cases that allowed the authors to recommend the one-step circular resection of the trachea as a method of choice for the treatment of lengthy scarry stenoses of the trachea.

[Treatment of gunshot wounds of the ear]. / Lechenie ognestrel'nykh ranenii ukha.

Of 20 males and 2 females aged 18-40 wounded in the ear region and admitted to ENT hospitals, 68% had fragmentation effects, 32% gun wounds, 83% combined injuries. Damage to the temporal bone took place in 66.5%. Foreign body (bullet or fragment) was present in half of the cases. Facial paralysis, unilateral deafness have developed in 40% and 2/3 of the victims, respectively. Advanced otiatric and neurological methods warranted removal of the foreign bodies in all the cases, filling of temporal bone defects with island neurovascular flap from the musculus nutans and musculus temporalis. Lethal outcome due to meningoencephalitis occurred in one case only.

[Immunotherapy with leakadin in the combined therapy of acoustic neurinomas]. / Immunoterapiia leakadinom v kompleksnoi terapii nevrinom slukhovogo nerva.

The paper reports the data obtained on the efficacy of a new anti-cancer immunomodulator leacadin in neurinoma of the acoustic nerve. Leacadin participates in formation of a close regulatory relation between the brain and immune system, promotes centralization of immunity regulation in conditions of surgical trauma. The drug can also increase the level of natural killers and helpers, reduce neurosensitization and the amount of suppressors.

[Pyramidal approaches to surgical treatment of pathologic formations of the cerebellopontine angle and pyramids of the temporal bone]. / Piramidnye dostupy pri khirurgicheskoi lechenii patologicheskikh obrazovanii mostomozzhechkovogo ugla i piramidy visochnoi kosti.

Pyramidal approaches are sufficiently effective, cause little traumas, and are easily tolerated by the patients. They are indicated in surgical management of diseases of the cerebellopontine angle such as tumors (neurinoma of the auditory nerve, cholesteatoma), cystic arachnoiditis, tumors of the temporal bone pyramid (glomus tumors, cysts), compression of the facial nerve in mechanical trauma of the pyramid, etc. The choice of the variant of the pyramidal approach to the pathological focus should be guided by the following main criteria: localization of the process and the extent of its spreading; condition of the facial nerve; condition of the auditory function.