[Determining the relative content of cisplatin in cells by acridine orange fluorescence intensity].

The fluorescence intensity of acridine orange (AO) dye bound to living human leukocytes, rat leukocytes, and Pliss lymphosarcoma cells of rat has been studied by fluorescence microscopy. The cell suspension of each test was divided into two parts, to one of which the drug cisplatin was added to a final concentration of 0.1 µg/mL and the mixture was incubated for 20 - 60 min. Acridine orange was then added and the average intensity of red and green fluorescence of cells was determined. The brightness of AO in the green region of the spectrum was reduced approximately 3-fold (p = 0.001) in cells with cisplatin. In the red region of the fluorescence, differences in the brightness of cells with and without cisplatin were not observed. These data indicate that a decrease in the brightness of green fluorescence of AO can be a test for the presence of cisplatin in cells.

[A comparative study of free radical-assisted processes and antioxidant protection of certain areas of liver involvement].

Light sum of chemiluminescence, concentrations of malonic dialdehyde, superoxidismutase and catalase were studied in intact liver tissue. The rate of free radical processes and super-oxidismutase level in liver metastases were lower than in intact tissue. Free radical concentration in the perifocal zone of liver metastases was lower too, which might have stimulated proliferation in metastatic foci.

[Chemiluminescence intensity and activity of the antioxidant system in dynamics of experimental carcinogenesis combined with chlamydial infection]. / Intensivnost' khemiliumunestsentsii i aktivnost' antioksidantnoi sistemy v dinamike éksperimental'nogo kartsinogeneza, sochetannogo s khlamidiinoi infektsiei.

Experiments on rats with inoculated sarcoma-45 combined with chlamydial infection showed activation of processes of lipid peroxidation already at early free radical stage of lipid peroxidation, that resulted in subsequent increase of activity of key antioxidant enzymes: superoxide dismutase and catalase. With progression of the tumour process developing under conditions of chlamydial infection the intensity of the increase of enzyme activity decreased.

[Structural-functional changes in lymphocyte ans erythrocyte membranes after exposure to alternating magnetic field]. / Strukturno-funktsional'nye izmeneniia membran limfotsitov i éritrotsitov pod vozdeistviem peremennogo magnitnogo polia.

The lymphocyte membrane fluidity, membrane potential, isoenzyme spectrum of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catabolic product level of blood cell receptors in rats, healthy volunteers and patients with ovary and skin tumors were studied under the influence of low frequency electromagnetic field (EMF). The increase of fluidity of rat blood lymphocyte membranes was observed at 20 and 40 min exposure of the lymphocyte suspension to EMF. The increase of ANS fluorescence observed after 20 min exposure to EMF suggested a decrease of cell membrane potential. EMF exerted opposite changes of lymphocyte membrane fluidity of healthy volunteers and the effect depended on the initial level of this parameter. Study of SOD isoenzyme spectrum revealed that Cu,Zn-dependent SOD can account for the superoxide dismutase catalytic activity of supernatant and lymphocytes. The EMF exposure for 20 min caused 2-fold increase of SOD activity. The EMF exposure for 40 min caused the further increase of SOD activity but only in lymphocytes. At the same time the EMF exposure did not influence the actual SOD-activity in erythrocytes. However, there was clear anti-R-reagent-sensitive SOD-activity which was not abolished by DDC. The reasons and possible consequences of these changes of feuidity and SOD-activity under EMF effect are discussed.

[Changes in lymphocyte and erythrocyte membrane microviscosity in cancer patients]. / Izmenenie mikroviazkosti membran limfotsitov i éritrotsitov krovi u onkologicheskikh bol'nykh.

Lymphocyte and erythrocyte membrane microviscosites of lipid-protein contact zones and lipid bilayer in blood of patients with gastric, urinary bladder and ovary cancers were investigated in comparison with healthy volunteers by means of coefficients of eximerization of fluorescent probe pyrene. The decrease of membrane fluidity (i.e. the increase of microviscosity) was revealed in blood cell membranes of patients with diffuse cancers of studied localizations. In the case of ovary cancer membrane fluidity decreased significantly only in patients with ascite form of the disease. The most pronounced increase of microviscosity was observed in lymphocytes and especially in erythrocytes of practically incurable patients. Interrelationship between microviscosity and other processes that influence on structural properties of membranes under malignancy and their functional role are discussed.

[Level of monoamines during hypobaric hypoxia and protective effect of pyrazidol]. / Soderzhanie monoaminov pri gipobaricheskoi i zashchitnom éffekte pirazidola.

The effects of single acute hypoxia (9000 m above the sea level, 3h) and intermittent hypoxia (5000 m 4 h daily during 3 and 10 days) were studied. Acute hypoxia was characterized by the increase in the content of brain serotonin, dopamine and norepinephrine accompanied by a decrease of deaminated product. The increase of monoamine contents in hypothalamus and adrenals during initial stage caused to considerable extent by their deamination and the monoamine decrease under 10-day hypoxia were typical for intermittent hypoxia. The administration of MAO a inhibitor pyrazidol promoted the increase in brain serotonin content, normalized brain catecholamine contents and demonstrated positive effect on the animal state.

[The effect of pyrazidole on the middle molecule level during various modes of hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na soderzhanie molekul srednei massy pri raznykh rezhimakh gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

Content of middle mass molecules (MMM) was studied in blood plasma of rats treated with pyrazidol, the known inhibitor of monoamine oxidase of the A type. A distinct increase in the MMM nonpeptide component was detected both in intact animals and in the rats kept under hypoxic conditions (9,000 m, 3 hrs) after three administrations of pyrazidol. Under conditions of intermittent hypoxia higher increase of the nonpeptide component as well as an increase of the MMM peptide component were detected. The MMM blood fraction was also elevated in the animals adapted to hypoxia. A possible role of the MMM fraction in the pyrazidol-produced adaptation effect during hypoxia is discussed.

[Chemiluminescent analysis and some indicators of nitrogen catabolism in rat blood plasma in hypoxia with subsequent hyperoxia]. / Khemiliuminestsentnyi analiz i nekotorye pokazateli azotistogo katabolizma v plazme krovi krys pri gipoksii s posleduiushchei giperoksiei.

Different regimens of oxygenation were studied in rats: acute hypoxia (9,000 m, 3 hrs), acute hyperoxia (0.7 MPa O2), which caused convulsions, and their simultaneous effects. Under these conditions the following parameters were evaluated: the rate of Fe(2+)-induced chemiluminescence, content of nitrogen and peptide catabolism products (urea, urates and middle molecule peptides) as well as total peroxidase activity, content of extraerythrocyte hemoglobin and lactic acid in blood plasma. Distinct inhibition of the chemiluminescence rate was found in all the three experimental groups studied; accumulation of uric acid, middle mass peptides, extraerythrocyte hemoglobin, lactic acid as well as an increase in the total peroxidase activity were observed in hyperoxia and in simultaneous effect of hypo- and hyperoxia; total peroxidase activity was decreased in rats with acute hypoxia. Accumulation of urates and middle mass peptides was considered according to these substances capacity to inhibit free radical oxidation in vivo.

[Lipid peroxidation intensity during periodic hypoxia and the protective effect of pyrazidole]. / Intensivnost' perekisnogo okisleniia lipidov pri periodicheskoi gipoksii i zashchitnom deistvii pirazidola.

The effect of 3- and 10-day intermittent hypoxia corresponding to the altitude of 5000 m above the sea level (4 hrs daily) has been studied. The increase in the content of brain and lung diene conjugates and Schiff bases indicative of the increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation has been shown to be associated with hypoxia. The activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) increases in the brain under 3-day hypoxia and decreases considerably in the brain and the lung under 10-day hypoxia in comparison with 3-day hypoxia. Administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pyrazidol normalizes the content of diene conjugates in the lung and that of Schiff bases in the brain under 3-day hypoxia as well as prevents completely the increase in the rate of lipid peroxidation under 10-day hypoxia. The activity of SOD increases in the brain and the lung of pyrazidol-protected animals under 3-day hypoxia. Pyrazidol administration under 10-day hypoxia prevents the SOD activity decrease in the brain. The protective effect of pyrazidol under intermittent hypoxia is discussed.

[The effect of pyrazidole on monoamine level in hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na soderzhanie monoaminov pri gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

Increase of serotonin content and decrease in 5-hydroxyindolyl acetic acid (5-HIAA) were observed under hypoxic conditions (9,000 m, 3 hrs) which correlated with inhibition of monoamine oxidase A. Administration of the monoamine oxidase inhibitor pyrazidole caused the more pronounced increase of serotonin levels and decrease of 5-HIAA in control animals as well as in hypoxic animals. The catecholamines increased in hypoxia, pretreatment with pyrazidole prevented this increase. Preliminary administration of pyrazidole also increased the content of blood catecholamines, which reduced in hypoxia. Pyrazidole exhibited the antistress effect as the drug inhibited a decrease in adrenal ascorbic acid levels in hypoxic conditions.

[The effect of pyrazidol on animal status and on the monoamine level in periodic hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na sostoianie zhivotnykh i soderzhanie monoaminov pri periodicheskoi gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

The effects of 3 and 10-day intermittent hypoxia corresponding to the altitude 5000 m, during 4 hrs a day, were studied. Daily administration of pyrazidol exerted a normalising effect on the plasma total peroxidase activity, extra erythrocyte hemoglobin concentration and adrenal ascorbic acid content. Unprotected rats developed a 2-fold reduction of the body mass under the 10-day hypoxia. Administration of pyrazidol normalises catecholamines content in the hypothalamus and brain cortex in the 3-day hypoxia, prevents a monoamine content decrease in the hypothalamus and adrenals in the 10-day hypoxia, promotes a serotonin increase in the brain areas. Adrenal norepinephrine content was twice as large in the protected animals than in unprotected those. An adaptogenic role of pyrazidol under conditions of an intermittent hypoxia is discussed.

[Status of cell membrane enzymes in hypoxia and the protective effect of pyrazidole]. / Sostoianie membrannykh fermentov kletki pri gipoksii i zashchitnyi éffekt pirazidola.

The influence of hypobaric hypoxia simulating the altitude of 9000 m above the sea level during 3 hours on the stability of erythrocyte, lysosomal, and mitochondrial membranes, has been studied. The increase in extra erythrocyte hemoglobin and free iron concentrations and the total peroxidase activity in blood plasma testify to increased permeability of the erythrocyte membrane. An increase in the free activity of acid peptide hydrolases in the soluble fraction and their activity decrease in the lysosomal membrane. The mitochondrial monoamine oxidase activity in the soluble fraction of the brain is suggestive of structural damages to the mitochondrial membrane. Preliminary administration of pyrasidol prior to hypoxia has a stabilizing effect on all types of membrane structures.

[Effects of pyrazidol on resistance of animals to hypobaric hypoxia]. / Vliianie pirazidola na ustoichivost' zhivotnykh k gipobaricheskoi gipoksii.

The influence of monoamine oxidase type A inhibitor pyrazidol on rats sensitivity to hypobaric hypoxia was investigated. Preliminary pyrazidol administration shows evident protective effect under hypoxia. It increases animals survival at the altitude of 12,000 m above the sea level, prevents lungs affection and erythrocyte membrane destabilization at the altitude of 9,000 m during 3 hours. Plasma total peroxidase activity, extraerythrocyte hemoglobin concentration and free iron content were used as the indexes of erythrocyte membrane stability reflecting the organism state under stress effects.

[Deamination of adenosine monophosphate in the rat brain in hyperoxia, hypoxia, and cold stress]. / Dezaminirovanie adenozinmonofosfata v mozge krys pri giperoksii, gipoksii i kholodovom stresse.

The causes of the adenosine monophosphate (AMP) deamination increase in rat brain mitochondria under conditions of hyperoxia, hypoxia and cold stress were studied. Data from the inhibitory analysis suggest that the increased intensity of AMP deamination under hypoxia is conditioned by the alterations in the substrate specificity of type A monoamine oxidase which acquires the ability to deaminate AMP. The enhancement of AMP deamination under hyperoxia and cold stress is due to the activation of true AMP deaminase in the mitochondrial fraction. The cytoplasmic AMP deaminase activity remains unchanged thereby. The effects of the AMP deaminase specific effectors, ATP and inorganic phosphate, were investigated.

[AMP deaminase activity in hyperoxia and the effect of AMP on animal sensitivity to oxygen under pressure]. / Aktivnost' AMF-dezaminazy pri giperoksii i vliianie AMF na chuvstvitel'nost' zhivotnykh k kislorodu pod davleniem.

Under the effects of 0.7 MPa of oxygen leading to a convulsive state, AMP-deaminase activity increased significantly in the rat brain mitochondrial fraction with only a tendency to increase in cytoplasmic fraction. Stimulated effects of the enzyme allosteric activator ATP is more obvious in intact animals than in hyperoxic ones. Pretreatment with AMP before hyperoxygenation exerts a protective effect preventing the alteration of monoamine oxydase catalytic properties, stabilizing membrane structure and improving the general state of the animals.

[The use of pyrazidol during treatment using hyperbaric oxygenation therapy]. / Ispol'zovanie pirazidola pri lechenii metodom giperbarooksigenoterapii.

The effect of pyrazidol on the efficiency of hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) was investigated. Pyrazidol administration before HBO procedure reduced the intensity of lipid peroxidation in the blood plasma and decreased destabilization of erythrocyte membranes. Exoerythrocyte hemoglobin concentration, total peroxidase activity and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity were used as the indexes of membrane stability. The patients pretreated with pyrazidol bore HBO much better than other patients.

[Properties of monoamine oxidase in the brain of mongolian gerbils during cerebral ischemia]. / Svoistva monoaminoksidazy v mozge mongol'skikh peschanok pri tserebral'noi ishemii.

Properties of monoamine oxidase (MAO) were investigated in mongolian gerbils brain mitochondria isolated from cerebral cortex, striatum and hippocampus during cerebral ischemia. 5 min of ischemia caused inhibition of MAO activity (kynuramine as a substrate), alterations in substrate specificity and in kinetic curves form deflexion from hyperbolic type in all the brain structures investigated. Alterations in properties of MAO were observed in hippocampus already after I min of ischemia.

[The role of changes in catalytic properties of brain monoamine oxidase in the response to extreme conditions (review of the literature)]. / Rol' izmeneniia kataliticheskikh svoistv monoaminoksidazy mozga v otvetnoi reaktsii organizma na ékstremal'nye vozdeistviia (obzor)

Alterations of brain monoamine oxidase (MAO) properties related to various functional states of a body are discussed. Similar reactions of the enzyme to extremal effects of different etiology were shown as well as role of alterations in metabolic response to impairment of environment and internal medium was demonstrated. Possible mechanisms responsible for specific properties of MAO under pathological conditions are discussed.

[Effect of polyamines on indices of oxygen toxicity in rats]. / Vliianie poliaminov na pokazateli kislorodnoi intoksikatsii u krys.

The intraperitoneal administration of polyamines to rats before hyperbaric oxygenation decreases the rate of development of hyperoxic convulsions, prevents lung edema and stabilizes blood cell membranes.