Evaluation of Human Leucocyte Antigen Mediated Platelet Transfusion Refractoriness and Platelet Crossmatching Assay in Patients with Hematologic Disorders.

Objectives: Platelet refractoriness complicates the platelet transfusion, which is essential for managing thrombocytopenia in patients with hematological disorders. It is associated with adverse clinical outcomes and increased health care costs. We conducted a prospective study to determine the effectiveness of cross-matched compatible platelets in a group of patients refractory to platelets from random donors and to evaluate human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-mediated refractoriness. Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 40 patients with different hematological disorders requiring platelet transfusions who were refractory to random platelets and presented to the hematology unit of Alexandria's main university hospitals between May 2020 and March 2021. They received 60 ABO-compatible platelet transfusions, either leuco-reduced or random donor platelets, stored for no more than 72 hours. A solid-phase red cell adherence technique (SPRCA) was used for platelet crossmatching. The corrected count increment (CCI) was used to monitor the effectiveness of each platelet transfusion with a cut-off value of 5 × 103/µL at 1 hour and 2.5 × 103/µL at 24 hours. Anti-HLA antibodies were assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Results: Out of 60 cross matches, 47 (78.3%) were compatible, and 13 (21.7%) were incompatible. Among 47 compatible results, 30 (63.8%) showed adequate CCI and 17 (36.2%) showed inadequate CCI at 1-hour post-transfusion. Among the incompatible results, 3 (23.1%) had adequate CCI and 10 (76.9%) had inadequate CCI. Significant improvements were found in the mean CCI when comparing cross-matched compatible platelets and incompatible platelets at 1hour or 24 hours (p=0.009 and p < 0.001, respectively). From the 40 studied patients, HLA alloimmunization was present in 18 patients (45.0%) and absent in the remaining 22 patients (55.0%). In the absence of HLA alloimmunization, patients showed significantly better responses at 1 hour and 24 hours (p =0.001 and p =0.015, respectively). There was better sensitivity of platelet crossmatching with random donor platelet concentrates than single donor platelet concentrates. Conclusions: Platelet crossmatching using SPRCA and HLA screening are effective and rapid tools for better management of patients' refractory to platelet transfusions.

Influence of the Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonate (LAS) on hematological and biochemical parameters of Nile Tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus.

The acute toxicity of household detergent (Ariel) on blood parameters and histology of Oreochromis niloticus was investigated using static bioassay for 96 h. Linear alkyl benzene sulfonate (LAS) is an anionic surfactant widely used in detergents and cleaners, both in industrial and household applications. LAS contaminating aquatic ecosystems as a potential toxic pollutant, was investigated in the present study for acute toxicity. The fish samples were divided into six groups, including 20 fish in each group. Normal feed was given to control group without detergents treatment. Hematological parameters (RBC count, Hb, Ht and platelets) were significantly declined, while WBC count showed a highly significant increase. Compared with the control group, significant elevation of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) was recorded in fish treated with different concentrations of detergent. Catalase (CAT), Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and Reduced Glutathione (GSH) concentration showed a highly significant reduction. Total proteins showed significant decrease, while total lipids, cholesterol and triglycerides significantly increased. The mean lethal concentration (LC50) for 96 h of Ariel was at concentration 10 mg/L. Relative percentage of detergent residues in fish muscles was increased with higher detergent concentrations. In conclusion, exposure to detergents resulted in great alterations in the histological structure of liver and gills.

Serum MicroRNA-122 and MicroRNA-155: Markers of Disease Progression in Hepatitis C viral infection.

Chronic HCV with its longstanding complications of cirrhosis and HCC is a highly prevalent and challenging problem in Egypt. Recently, microRNAs are ranked as potential biomarkers for early diagnosis of HCV related complications. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the role of miRNA-122 and miRNA-155 for prediction of progression of HCV infection and for diagnosis of HCC. A total of 92 chronic HCV patients [chronic HCV (group 1, n =32); chronic HCV with cirrhosis (group 2, n=31); chronic HCV with HCC (group 3, n=29)] were enrolled into the study. Expression of serum miRNA-122 and miRNA-155 was assayed by real-time PCR in all participants. The serum level of miR-122 was significantly higher in chronic HCV patients than in healthy controls and both of cirrhotic and HCC patients (P < 0.001). Serum miR-155 was significantly elevated in HCC than in controls and non-HCC patients (P < 0.001). MiR-155 at the cut-off value of >6.11 for HCC diagnosis, had sensitivity and specificity of 72.4% and 95.2%, respectively. In conclusion; microRNA-122 is a potential marker of progression of hepatocytes injury in patients infected with HCV but not a reliable marker for diagnosis of HCC. MicroRNA-155 is a relatively reliable marker for HCC detection.