An Unusual Case of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in a Healthy Adolescent Male.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a rare occurrence in adolescents, especially in those without underlying liver diseases. We present the case of a 16-year-old male, having no significant relevant previous medical history, who presented with signs and symptoms of an abdominal mass and hepatic dysfunction. Diagnostic investigations unveiled a startling finding of HCC, challenging the conventional understanding of this malignancy's epidemiology and etiology in young individuals. This example emphasizes the significance of taking HCC into account even in young, healthy individuals who present with unusual symptoms, leading to a comprehensive diagnostic examination and treatment plans customized to meet the specific requirements of patients in their adolescent years. HCC is thought to be more likely to develop in young patients with cirrhosis or fibrosis. The patient in this case study is a young 16-year-old male patient, who was diagnosed with HCC.

A Rare and Intriguing Case Report of Metaplastic Breast Carcinoma.

Metaplastic breast carcinoma (MBC) is a rare and aggressive subtype of breast cancer characterized by the presence of both epithelial and mesenchymal components within the tumor. Its clinical and radiological appearance is comparable to other types of breast cancer, but it grows rapidly. The diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma is largely based on the epithelial origin of the cells confirmed by immunohistochemistry (IHC). Compared to invasive ductal carcinoma, metaplastic carcinoma has a worse overall survival rate. Any patient with a rapidly growing breast mass should be assessed with suspicion of sarcomatoid or metaplastic malignant neoplasm. We report this case due to its rarity and the complex nature of the disease.

Multifocal Primary Extranodal Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma: A Report of a Rare Case.

Primary extranodal non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) is a rare manifestation of lymphoid malignancies and typically arises in tissues outside the lymph nodes and can involve various organs and anatomical sites presenting unique challenges in diagnosis and treatment. Multifocal primary extranodal NHL, characterized by simultaneous involvement of multiple extranodal sites, presents a diagnostic and therapeutic challenge due to its uncommon presentation and varied clinical manifestations. Despite advances in diagnostic modalities and treatment strategies for NHL, multifocal involvement poses unique clinical dilemmas requiring a multidisciplinary approach for accurate diagnosis and optimal therapeutic intervention. In this case report, we describe a rare case of multifocal primary extranodal NHL in a 29-year-old female, highlighting the complexities associated with its diagnosis and management. Through this case presentation, we aim to underscore the importance of recognizing and addressing the intricacies of multifocal primary extranodal NHL to enhance clinical outcomes and improve patient care. It also highlights the diagnostic complexity and clinical challenges associated with multifocal primary extranodal NHL. A multidisciplinary approach involving haematologists, oncologists, radiologists, and pathologists is crucial for the accurate diagnosis and optimal management of such cases. Additionally, further research is warranted to better understand the underlying pathogenesis and improve treatment strategies for this rare presentation of NHL.

A Unique Presentation of Peripheral T Cell Lymphoma: Diagnosis Behind the Deceiving Dry Tap.

Numerous neoplastic, viral, hematological, or metabolic conditions that affect the bone marrow might result in secondary myelofibrosis. The bone marrow aspirate results in a dry tap and bone marrow biopsy reveals significant fibrosis replacing the normal hematopoietic cells. This is an intriguing example where a bone marrow aspirate showed a dry tap, and subsequent examination revealed a peripheral T cell lymphoma (PTCL). PTCLs are an aggressive group of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. They often present as peripheral lymphadenopathy. The unique presentation of this case is explored in this article.

Synchronous Gastric and Colonic Adenocarcinoma: A Case Report With its Molecular Implications.

Multiple primary tumors are rare but their incidence is increasing nowadays with advancements in diagnostic methods and the extended survival of individuals previously treated for malignancies. However, synchronous occurrence of gastric cancer (GC) and colonic cancer (CC) is a rare entity. A 41-year-old male came with complaints of epigastric pain associated with anorexia, rapid weight loss, and occasional constipation. Contrast-enhanced computed tomography (CECT) of the abdomen and pelvis reported mucosal thickening in the antrum, likely GC with circumferential wall thickening of the transverse colon with pericolic fat stranding suggestive of CC. Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy and colonoscopy were also done and a biopsy was taken from representative sites, which confirmed malignancy. He completed three cycles of chemotherapy preoperatively and underwent subtotal gastrectomy, D2 lymphadenectomy, gastrojejunostomy, jejunojejunostomy, and transverse colectomy simultaneously. Histopathological examination confirmed moderately differentiated gastric adenocarcinoma penetrating into the subserosa and well-differentiated colonic adenocarcinoma invading the muscularis propria. Immunohistochemical analysis of mismatch repair (MMR) proteins was done to determine the association with hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome. The patient underwent postoperative chemotherapy along with immunotherapy. To conclude, synchronous occurrence of primary GC and primary CC with similar MMR protein expression in immunohistochemistry is an uncommon entity.