Experimental study and geometrical method to design bio-inspired robotic kinematic chains of inching-locomotion caterpillars.

Inching-locomotion caterpillars (ILAR) show impressive environmental adaptation, having high dexterity and flexibility. To design robots that mimic these abilities, a novel bioinspired robotic design (BIROD) method is presented. The method is composed by an algorithm for geometrical kinematic analysis (GEKINS) to standardize the proportional dimensions according to the insect's anatomy and obtain the kinematic chains. The approach is experimentally applied to analyze the locomotion and kinematic chain of these specimens:Geometridae-two pair of prolegs (represents 35 000 species) andPlusiinae-three pair of prolegs (represents 400 species). The obtained data indicate that the application of the proposed method permits to locate the attachment mechanisms, joints, links, and to calculate angular displacement, angular average velocity, number of degrees of freedom, and thus the kinematic chain.Geometridaein contrast toPlusiinae, shows a longer walk-stride length, a lower number of single-rotational joints in 2D (3 DOF versus 4 DOF), and a lower number of dual-rotational joints in 3D (6 DOF versus 8 DOF). The application of BIROD and GEKINS provides the forward kinematics for 35 400 ILAR species and are expected to be useful as a preliminary phase for the design of bio-inspired arthropod robots.

Virtual power plant for energy management: Science mapping approach.

A bibliometric analysis was conducted to examine the trends and developments in the field of Virtual Power Plants (VPPs) from 2000 to June 2022. The selection and identification of data involved a systematic search resulting in 1245 articles for bibliometric analysis after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Strategic diagrams, overlay graphs, and evolution maps were used to analyze the trends and themes in different periods. The analysis reveals the emergence and evolution of various themes and their interconnections. In the early periods, the focus was on energy market issues, distributed generation, and the control of Distributed Energy Resources. Themes such as microgrids, renewable energy, electric vehicles, and economic analysis have gained prominence over time. The present study also identified the introduction of new concepts such as prosumers, collaborative networks, and dynamic power plants in later periods. The performance analysis for the last period (2022) highlighted the centrality and density of themes such as power plants, renewable power plants, battery energy storage systems, and robust optimization. These themes are considered both fundamental and transverse in the research field. This study discusses the importance of VPPs and battery energy storage systems in addressing grid intermittency issues and providing auxiliary market services. The analysis also emphasized the management of the demand side and the integration of electric vehicles and Building Energy Management Systems in VPPs. Therefore, future directions for VPP research include innovative structures and topologies, big-data analysis, and diversified optimization techniques. This study provides insights into the evolution and current state of research in the field of VPPs and identifies areas for further exploration and development.

New species of the genus Rhodorhipha Laguerre, 2018 (Lepidoptera: Arctiini) from Peruvian Amazon

A new species Rhodorhipha dalyi sp. nov. from Peru (Tambopata river, Madre de Dios, Peru) is described and illustrated. The species is part of a complex of similar species related to R. subflammans (Rothschild).

Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie, Rhodorhipha dalyi sp. nov. de Perú (río Tambopata, Madre de Dios, Perú). La especie es parte de un complejo de especies similares relacionadas con R. subflammans (Rothschild).

Patterns of Plumericin Concentration in Leaves of Himatanthus tarapotensis (Apocynaceae) and Its Interactions with Herbivory in the Peruvian Amazon.

We explored the concentration patterns of the bioactive metabolite plumericin produced by Himatanthus tarapotensis (Apocynaceae) under different edaphic conditions and variations in rainfall intensity, as well as its potential role in the chemical defense against insect herbivores. Values of plumericin concentration from leaves were obtained by High-Performance Liquid Chromatography, and evaluated as a function of differences in soil types, variation of precipitation, and variation of the abundance of insect herbivores, using first a Repeated Measures Correlation (rmcorr) and then a Generalized Linear Mixed Model (GLMM) analysis. Plumericin concentration is highly variable among plants, but with a significantly higher concentration in plants growing on clay soil compared to that of the white-sand soil habitat (p < 0.001). Plumericin concentration is not affected by precipitation. The caterpillar of Isognathus leachii (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) is the most conspicuous herbivore of H. tarapotensis, and its presence is continuous but not related to plumericin concentration, probably because of its capacity to elude the chemical defense of this plant. Nevertheless, our multivariate model revealed that plumericin concentration is related to the abundance of Hymenoptera (Formicidae), and this relationship is significantly influenced by the soil parameters of carbon percentage, clay percentage, and phosphorous percentage (p < 0.001). Plumericin is a mediating agent in the interaction between H. tarapotensis and its natural environment. Variation in plumericin concentration would be induced by the abundance of Hymenoptera (Formicidae), probably as a chemical response against these insects, and by differences in soil nutrient availability.

Lista anotada de los Euchromiina "polillas avispas" (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) del departamento de Loreto (Perú), con el reporte de nuevos registros y sinónimos / Annotated list of the Euchromiina "wasp moths" (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini) from the department of Loreto (Peru), with the report of new records and synonyms

Resumen Para el departamento de Loreto se registra 113 especies de Euchromiina (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae). Además, se reportan 9 nuevos registros para Perú: Sphecosoma abnormis, Isanthrene profusa, Autochloris collocata, A. consociata, Andrenimorpha lycopolis, Leucotmemis torrida, Cosmosoma contracta, Pseudomya biradiata y P. cretheis. Se proponen dos nuevos sinónimos: Diptilon aurantiipes Rothschild como sinónimo más reciente de Sphecosoma abnormis Hampson; Isanthrene flavizonata Gaede como sinónimo más reciente de Tigrinadia quadricincta Kaye. Esta última especie por ahora es conocida solo de Perú. Se describe un nuevo tipo de órgano androconial en la parte ventral del abdomen.

Abstract For the department of Loreto, 113 species of Euchromiina (Lepidoptera: Arctiinae) are recorded. In addition, 9 new records are reported for Peru: Sphecosoma abnormis, Isanthrene profusa, Autochloris collocata, A. consociata, Andrenimorpha lycopolis, Leucotmemis torrida, Cosmosoma contracta, Pseudomya biradiata and P. cretheis. Two new synonyms are proposed: Diptilon aurantiipes Rothschild as a junior synonym for Sphecosoma abnormis Hampson; Isanthrene flavizonata Gaede as a junior synonym for Tigrinadia quadricincta Kaye. This last species for now is known only from Peru. A new type of androconial organ is described in the ventral part of the abdomen.

Four new Neotropical species of Episcepsis Butler, 1877 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae).

The genus Episcepsis Butler, 1877 is widely distributed in the Neotropical region and currently includes 43 valid species many of them described solely based on external morphology. The existence of species complexes makes their identification difficult without examination of genital morphology. Four new species from Brazil, Cuba and Peru are described herein; Episcepsis andina sp. nov., E. diversa sp. nov., E. insularis sp. nov. and E. travassosi sp. nov. Comparisons with other similar species as well as photographs of external morphology and male genitalia are provided.

Estudio preliminar de los Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) del departamento de Arequipa, Perú / Preliminary study of the Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from Arequipa, Peru

Resumen Se presenta una lista preliminar y la diagnosis de las especies de Arctiinae de Arequipa. Se propone a Amastus pallescens como nuevo sinónimo de Amastus cellularis. Por primera vez se da a conocer la hembra de A. cellularis. Se revalida la especie Magnoptera watsoni, que fue sinonímizada hace pocos años con Amastus walkeri. Se recolectó durante el 2017-2018, en 16 estaciones de evaluación que comprendieron 4 rangos altitudinales: 0-1500, 1500-2500, 2500-3500, 3500-4500 m.

Abstract A preliminary list and diagnosis of the Arctiinae species of Arequipa is presented. It is proposed that Amastus pallescens is a new synonym of Amastus cellularis. The female of A. cellularis is reported for the first time. The Magnoptera watsoni species was revalidated, which was synonimized a few years ago with Amastus walkeri. It was collected during 2017-2018, in 16 evaluation stations that included 4 altitudinal ranges: 0-1500, 1500-2500, 2500-3500, 3500-4500 m.

The genus Parascepsis Dognin, 1923 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiinae, Ctenuchina) in Peru, with the description of three new species, a new combination and their geographical distributions.

Presently, the Neotropical genus Parascepsis Dognin, 1923 is considered monotypic within the Ctenuchina. There are no reviews of a large part of the genera in this subtribe or an approximation to its phylogeny. The material worked with is deposited at the Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (MUSM), and was compared with the original descriptions and the type species of the genus: Parascepsis solox Dognin, 1923. The status of Episcepsis ockendeni Rothschild was revised. We propose the current state of Parascepsis to be made up of five species, three of which are new to science, P. lantingi sp. nov., P. ignobilis sp. nov. and P. ingenium sp. nov., proposing also a new combination, P. ockendeni (Rothschild) comb. nov. Redescriptions of Parascepsis solox Dognin and P. ockendeni (Rothschild) are presented, as well as the description of the three new species. Illustrations of adults and genital structures, and distribution maps for Peru are provided for all.

Type material of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) in the collection of the Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (Buenos Aires, Argentina).

The Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales Bernardino Rivadavia (MACN) possesses one of the most important Lepidoptera collections in South America. Here are deposited several type specimens of Lepidoptera, particularly of Arctiinae, described by Burmeister, Berg, Snellen, Jörgensen, Giacomelli, Orfila, and Forster. This study presents a catalogue with complete information and photographs of most type specimens of Arctiinae housed in the MACN. Additionally, we provide comments on the type material presumably deposited in MACN but not found by the authors. A total of seven lectotypes are designated and a new synonymy is proposed: Eurota (sic) julia Orfila, 1931 is a junior synonym of Eurata hermione Burmeister, 1878.

A new species of the genus Watsonidia Toulgoët, 1981 (Lepidoptera, Erebidae, Arctiini): example of polymorphism in the Amazon of Peru.

A new species of the genus Watsonidia Toulgoët, from the Amazon region of Peru, is described, with two morphotypes. Characters of males and female genitalia of both morphotypes and the genetic analyses (COI) that support the polymorphism of the species are provided. The habitus of males and females is also illustrated.

Four new species and one new subspecies of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) from the Tambopata river, Madre de Dios, Peru.

Four new species and one new subspecies of Arctiinae (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) are described. Aphyle niedmandi sp. nov., Evius ocassus sp. nov., Paranerita maculata sandeepani ssp. nov., Paranerita kotolnuki sp. nov. and Baritius flexuosus sp. nov. were collected in the Tambopata River region, Madre de Dios (Peru), as part of a Citizen Science Project, in mutual collaboration between the Natural History Museum (Lima-Peru) and Rainforest Expeditions. External morphological descriptions, morphology of male genitalia, and geographic distributions in Peru are given for all taxa as well as their barcoding.

Gloora gen. nov. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae: Arctiini: Ctenuchina) for several Agylla-like Arctiinae.

Gloora gen. nov. is established for Eucereon alba (Druce, 1894), Hyaleucerea mundula (Berg, 1882), Agaraea sericeum (Zerny, 1931), and Gloora canae sp. nov. These species are (re­)described considering male genitalia in particular and, in case, barcodes. Further species which might fit into Gloora gen. nov. are discussed.

Tres nuevas especies del género Theages Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiini) de Perú y Ecuador / Three new species of genus Theages Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiini) from Peru and Ecuador

Se describen e ilustran tres nuevas especies del género Theages Walker, 1855 que ocurren en los bosques montanos de los Andes de Perú y Ecuador

Three new species of the genus Theages Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiini) occurring in the mon- tane forests of the Andes of Peru and Ecuador are described and illustrated

Características de la prescripción farmacológica en el adulto mayor hospitalizado en el Hospital Regional Docente las Mercedes Chiclayo, Octubre 2016 ­ Enero 2017 / Characteristics of pharmacological prescription in the elderly patient hospitalized at the Regional Hospital Las Mercedes Chiclayo, October 2016 - January 2017

Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es determinar las características de la prescripción farmacológica en el adulto mayor hospitalizado en el Hospital Regional Docente Las Mercedes (HRDLM) Chiclayo, desde Octubre 2016 a Enero 2017. Material y métodos: Estudio descriptivo, transversal y retrospectivo. Trabajamos con una muestra de 170 pacientes mayores de 60 años del servicio de medicina interna del HRDLM. Se evaluó la prescripción farmacológica de acuerdo a los criterios STOPP/START que identifica las interacciones potencialmente inadecuadas y la omisión del tratamiento adecuado. Se analizó los datos obtenidos con el programa STATA v.12. Resultados: Se encontró un 38,8% de prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos y 45,3% de polifarmacia. Asimismo existe asociación de polifarmacia con pluripatología (RP: 2,62; IC: 1,72-3,99; p<0,05) y con prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos (RP: 1,74; IC: 1,19-2,57; p<0,05). Conclusiones: Se concluyó que existe una prescripción inapropiada de medicamentos relativamente baja en el adulto mayor hospitalizado del HRDLM ­ Chiclayo, asimismo existe un porcentaje relativamente alto de polifarmacia, el mayor porcentaje de prescripción inapropiada fue en la medicación del sistema nervioso central.

Rhipha ignea sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiini), nueva especie del grupo flammans de la Amazonía de Perú / Rhipha ignea sp. nov. (Arctiini: Erebidae: Lepidoptera), new species of the flammans group, from Peruvian Amazonia

Se describe e ilustra la nueva especie Rhipha ignea del departamento de Loreto, Amazonía peruana.

Rhipha ignea, a new species from department Loreto, Peruvian Amazonia, is described and illustrated

Habronyx Förster (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae: Anomaloninae) in Peru and Ecuador: three new species, a range extension, and a new host record.

The ichneumonid genus Habronyx is recorded for the first time from Peru and Ecuador, and three new species are described and figured-Habronyx (Camposcopus) flavus Alvarado, new species, H. (Habronyx) nigrofasciata Alvarado, new species, and H. (H.) saqsaywaman Alvarado, new species. Hadronyx (H.) punensis is recorded for the first time in Peru. Habronyx (H.) nigrofasciata was reared from Paracles tapina (Dyar, 1913) (Erebidae: Arctiinae). In addition, the distribution of P. tapina is expanded and figures of its larvae, pupae, and adult female and male are provided.

Organos androconiales abdominales peculiares en Theages Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) / Remarkable abdominal androconial organs in Theages Walker, 1855 (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

Se ha encontrado órganos androconiales en los terga IV, V, VI y VII en especies del género Theages Walker, 1855. Se estudia la morfología de los órganos androconiales y su variación interespecífica.

Notas sinonímicas sobre Ctenuchini y Euchromiini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) / Synonymic notes on Ctenuchini and Euchromiini (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae)

En el presente trabajo se da a conocer cuatro nuevos sinónimos a nivel de especie de lepidopteros de los grupos Ctenuchini y Eucromiini (Arctiidae) basado en el examen del material tipo primario.

Los arctiidae y sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) del santuario histórico de Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Perú: estudio preliminar / The arctiidae and sphingidae (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of Machu Picchu historical sanctuary, Cuzco, Peru: a preliminary survey

Se presenta una lista preliminar de 80 especies de Arctiidae y 17 de Sphingidae conocidas hasta el momento del Santuario Histórico de Machu Picchu, Cuzco, Perú, proporcionando datos de distribución altitudinal.