RESUMEN
Guided by structure-based drug design, modification of the 1,4-benzodiazepin-2,5-dione lead compound 1 resulted in the discovery of 19, a potent and orally bioavailable antagonist of the HDM2-p53 protein-protein interaction (FP IC50 = 0.7 microM, F approximately 100%).
Asunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas/química , Diseño de Fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Alquilación , Animales , Benzodiazepinas/síntesis química , Línea Celular Tumoral , Permeabilidad de la Membrana Celular , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Ratones , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Ácidos Pentanoicos/química , Unión Proteica , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/química , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/químicaRESUMEN
The activity and stability of the p53 tumor suppressor are regulated by the human homologue of the mouse double minute 2 (Hdm2) oncoprotein. It has been hypothesized that small molecules disrupting the Hdm2:p53 complex would allow for the activation of p53 and result in growth suppression. We have identified small-molecule inhibitors of the Hdm2:p53 interaction using our proprietary ThermoFluor microcalorimetry technology. Medicinal chemistry and structure-based drug design led to the development of an optimized series of benzodiazepinediones, including TDP521252 and TDP665759. Activities were dependent on the expression of wild-type (wt) p53 and Hdm2 as determined by lack of potency in mutant or null p53-expressing cell lines or cells engineered to no longer express Hdm2 and wt p53. TDP521252 and TDP665759 inhibited the proliferation of wt p53-expressing cell lines with average IC(50)s of 14 and 0.7 micromol/L, respectively. These results correlated with the direct cellular dissociation of Hdm2 from wt p53 observed within 15 minutes in JAR choriocarcinoma cells. Additional activities of these inhibitors in vitro include stabilization of p53 protein levels, up-regulation of p53 target genes in a DNA damage-independent manner, and induction of apoptosis in HepG2 cells. Administration of TDP665759 to mice led to an increase in p21(waf1/cip1) levels in liver samples. Finally, TDP665759 synergizes with doxorubicin both in culture and in an A375 xenograft model to decrease tumor growth. Taken together, these data support the potential utility of small-molecule inhibitors of the Hdm2:p53 interaction for the treatment of wt p53-expressing tumors.
Asunto(s)
Benzodiazepinonas/farmacología , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/efectos de los fármacos , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/efectos de los fármacos , Animales , Protocolos de Quimioterapia Combinada Antineoplásica , Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Benzodiazepinonas/administración & dosificación , Línea Celular Tumoral , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Doxorrubicina/administración & dosificación , Ensayos de Selección de Medicamentos Antitumorales , Sinergismo Farmacológico , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias Hepáticas Experimentales/metabolismo , Ratones , Ratones Desnudos , Complejos Multiproteicos , Mutación , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2/metabolismo , Células Tumorales Cultivadas , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/genética , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
HDM2 binds to an alpha-helical transactivation domain of p53, inhibiting its tumor suppressive functions. A miniaturized thermal denaturation assay was used to screen chemical libraries, resulting in the discovery of a novel series of benzodiazepinedione antagonists of the HDM2-p53 interaction. The X-ray crystal structure of improved antagonists bound to HDM2 reveals their alpha-helix mimetic properties. These optimized molecules increase the transcription of p53 target genes and decrease proliferation of tumor cells expressing wild-type p53.
Asunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas/síntesis química , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/agonistas , Benzodiazepinas/química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Sitios de Unión , Línea Celular Tumoral , Técnicas Químicas Combinatorias , Cristalografía por Rayos X , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Imitación Molecular , Estructura Molecular , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2 , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/biosíntesisRESUMEN
A library of 1,4-benzodiazepine-2,5-diones was screened for binding to the p53-binding domain of HDM2 using Thermofluor, a miniaturized thermal denaturation assay. The hits obtained were shown to bind to HDM2 in the p53-binding pocket using a fluorescence polarization (FP) peptide displacement assay. The potency of the series was optimized, leading to sub-micromolar antagonists of the p53-HDM2 interaction.
Asunto(s)
Benzodiazepinas/síntesis química , Benzodiazepinas/farmacología , Proteínas Nucleares/metabolismo , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/metabolismo , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/metabolismo , Sitios de Unión , Técnicas Químicas Combinatorias , Polarización de Fluorescencia , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Proteínas Nucleares/antagonistas & inhibidores , Unión Proteica/efectos de los fármacos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-mdm2 , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Proteína p53 Supresora de Tumor/antagonistas & inhibidoresRESUMEN
A study of the S1 binding of lead 5-methylthiothiophene amidine 3, an inhibitor of urokinase-type plasminogen activator, was undertaken by the introduction of a variety of substituents at the thiophene 5-position. The 5-alkyl substituted and unsubstituted thiophenes were prepared using organolithium chemistry. Heteroatom substituents were introduced at the 5-position using a novel displacement reaction of 5-methylsulfonylthiophenes and the corresponding oxygen or sulfur anions. Small alkyl group substitution at the 5-position provided inhibitors equipotent with but possessing improved solubility.