Household chaos and childhood obesity-related health outcomes.

OBJECTIVE: Household chaos, defined as a lack of organization, structure, and predictability, has been linked to deleterious childhood health outcomes and may hinder attempts to initiate and maintain healthy lifestyle changes. This study examined the associations of household chaos and obesity-related health conditions in a sample of youth being treated for obesity. METHODS: Participants were 715 patients (61.8% girls; Mage = 12.3 years; 68.7% non-Hispanic Black; M% of 95th BMI %-ile = 146.9%) enrolled in a pediatric weight management clinic. Caregiver report of household chaos was measured using the Confusion, Hubbub and Order Scale (CHAOS). Physiological obesity-related comorbidities (e.g., insulin resistance, hypertension, dyslipidemia) were assessed by a medical clinician and abstracted from electronic medical records; health conditions were dichotomized as present or not present. Psychological functioning was measured with the Pediatric Symptom Checklist, a caregiver-completed mental health screen that assesses internalizing, externalizing, and attention concerns. RESULTS: The Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used to test differences in household chaos scores for each obesity-related health condition. Caregivers of youth diagnosed with hypertension and obstructive sleep apnea reported significantly lower levels of household chaos, while caregivers who reported clinical levels of psychological dysfunction reported higher levels of chaos. CONCLUSIONS: Traditional management of childhood obesity requires changes across multiple health domains (e.g., dietary, exercise, sleep), and such change may be facilitated by structure and consistency. Present findings suggest that psychological resources within pediatric weight management settings should address individual patient-level factors associated with physiological and mental health as well as household functioning.

Utility of video fluoroscopic swallow study in advancing oral diet post TORS for oropharyngeal malignancies.

OBJECTIVE: TORS is a minimally invasive surgical alternative to chemoradiotherapy for oropharyngeal malignancies. While early postoperative oropharyngeal dysphagia is linked to TORS, this study explores both subjective and objective swallowing outcomes. STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective and prospective review of the patients who underwent TORS for oropharyngeal malignancy from 2018 to 2023. SETTING: Single tertiary referral center. METHODS: Postoperative transnasal feeding tubes were administered to 142 patients undergoing TORS. Data on oncological, clinical, surgical, and pathological parameters, including VFSS records, pain with swallow, and feeding tube removal timing, were collected. Clinical swallow exam (CSE) was conducted on POD-1, with a formal swallow study pursued if inconclusive. Once a safe swallow was confirmed, oral diets were initiated, and the feeding tube removed, with most patients discharged on POD-2. RESULTS: At an average age of 59.3 years on the day of operation, the palatine tonsil (N = 101) was the predominant subsite. A dobhoff feeding tube was intraoperatively placed in 98 % of patients (N = 139). On POD-1, CSE was conducted in 119 patients, with 26 % (37/119) cleared for total oral diet (NOMS ≥ 4). Additionally, 30 out of 73 VFSS patients were cleared for total oral diet. A total of 54.9 % (78/142) had the feeding tube removed before discharge on POD-2, with a mean time of 6.5 ± 6.6 days. Overall, 71.1 % (101/142) achieved a total oral diet within one week after TORS. CONCLUSION: Early post-TORS swallowing is vital for oropharyngeal malignancies. VFSS assesses post-operative swallowing safety, allowing most patients to resume total oral nutrition shortly after TORS.

Assessing provider knowledge of the federal 340B Drug Pricing Program in a federally qualified health center.

DISCLAIMER: In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. PURPOSE: The 340B Drug Pricing Program is important to healthcare organizations that serve vulnerable communities. However, it is unknown whether healthcare providers in these organizations understand the 340B program and how it supports enhanced patient services. This study aims to characterize the knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs of healthcare providers toward the 340B program in a multisite federally qualified health center (FQHC). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional survey. A 27-item survey designed to assess prescriber knowledge and perspectives toward the 340B program was developed and administered. Closed-ended items were summarized using descriptive statistics, and open-ended items were analyzed with qualitative methods. RESULTS: A total of 198 healthcare providers with prescribing authority received the survey; of those, 65 (32.8%) participated. The majority of respondents (66.2%) were female; 41.5% were 35 years of age or younger, and 49.2% were physicians. The majority of respondents agreed that patients benefited from access to the organization's 340B pharmacies (95%) and that 340B pricing is important to consider when prescribing medications (78.3%). However, knowledge of the 340B program was limited, with only half of respondents (54%) able to correctly answer at least 4 of 7 knowledge-focused items. Reponses to a patient case suggested that some providers may be unfamiliar with which drugs are available at reduced prices. CONCLUSION: The findings suggest that providers believe the 340B program benefits patients and the organization but often lack a complete understanding of the program. Future research should focus on prescriber education as a strategy to help organizations optimize their 340B programs and facilitate patient access to medications.

Collagenous Colitis with Escitalopram Use: A Case Report and Literature Review.

We present the case of a 42-year-old female whose escitalopram use potentially contributed to a diagnosis of collagenous colitis. The patient presented with significant watery, nonbloody diarrhea, abdominal cramping and pain, and weight loss. Established risk factors of microscopic colitis in this patient include a history of smoking and female gender. The patient underwent a colonoscopy, which confirmed histological changes consistent with collagenous colitis. Prescribed therapy included oral budesonide and omeprazole, continued for eight and twelve weeks, respectively. Escitalopram was continued, with a discussion regarding changing to an alternative therapy. Based on the patient's history of escitalopram use, this case suggests a relationship between escitalopram and microscopic colitis. Though case reports of patients diagnosed with microscopic colitis after antidepressant use are published, this case appears to be the only report of collagenous colitis without macroscopic complications following escitalopram use. This case adds further support in that antidepressants may contribute to microscopic colitis. Despite an undefined frequency of association, healthcare providers who prescribe antidepressants should be cognizant of the theorized association and understand risk factors, screening, and treatment approaches.

Insurance Approval for Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy in Adolescents in the Midsouth.

Background: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) has been shown to be safe and effective for the treatment of adolescent obesity, yet many providers express hesitance to refer adolescents for surgery due to concerns for insufficient insurance coverage. Methods: The Healthy Lifestyle Clinic, a pediatric weight management clinic, was established in 2014, and an adolescent MBS program was added in 2017. Patients 15 years or older who meet the selection criteria are eligible for the surgery track. A retrospective chart review was conducted to describe our experience obtaining insurance approval for laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) for our adolescent patients. Results: Almost all patients who were interested in and eligible for LSG ultimately received insurance approval. Most patients had public insurance (70%). Sixty-four percent of patients were approved after the initial application, 23% were approved after a peer-to-peer review, and 11% required an appeal for approval. There was no difference in the time from insurance application to insurance approval based on age, race/ethnicity, or type of insurance. Conclusions: Age <18 years and having public health insurance have not been demonstrated as barriers to insurance approval for LSG in our cohort. Providers should not delay referral for MBS for eligible adolescents based on concern for insufficient insurance coverage. Adolescent MBS programs would benefit from a patient advocate to help families navigate the insurance approval process and reduce barriers to surgery.

Pharmacotherapy for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder in youth with avoidant restrictive food intake disorder: a case series of patients prescribed stimulant medication in a partial hospitalization program for eating disorders.

BACKGROUND: Appetite suppression and weight loss are established potential side effects of most medications for attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). These side effects may be especially problematic when using stimulants to treat ADHD in the context of a restrictive eating disorder, such as avoidant restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID), although these diagnoses are often comorbid in children. This paper presents a combined approach to treating ADHD comorbid with ARFID using stimulant medication and behavior management within a partial hospitalization program (PHP) and intensive outpatient program (IOP)for eating disorders. The aim of this paper is to determine if the continued or new use of stimulant medication allows for adequate weight restoration by reviewing a series of cases receiving the combined treatment. CASE PRESENTATIONS: Consecutive patients with a historical or new diagnosis of ADHD when presenting for treatment for ARFID were included in this case series. This series included 10 patients (8 male, 2 female) who received pharmacotherapy using stimulants and behavior management interventions involving structured mealtimes and contingency management. All treatment occurred within the context of a PHP/IOP for childhood eating disorders. All youth were able to effectively continue on stimulant medication, show clinical benefit in core ADHD symptoms, and able to gradually restore weight. In all cases, stimulant medications were not discontinued, but in some cases, doses were optimized (increased or decreased), switched to a different stimulant, or augmented with non-ADHD medication, such as mirtazapine, to support the management of ADHD while concurrently assisting in weight gain as necessary for the treatment of ARFID. Only one patient was newly started on a stimulant medication; as this was near the end of her treatment stay, limited conclusions can be drawn from this case. CONCLUSIONS: These findings support the use of pharmacotherapy, including continuing stimulant medication, when combined with behavior management strategies as a potentially effective treatment approach for ADHD in youth with ARFID in the PHP/IOP setting. Future studies using more rigorous methodology, longer follow-up times, and within other treatment settings are needed.

Experiencing COMFORT: Perceptions of Virtually-delivered Nonpharmacologic Therapies in Adults Prescribed Opioids for Chronic Pain.

BACKGROUND: An opioid task force within an urban public health district sought to increase access to, and utilization of, non-opioid, nonpharmacologic alternatives for pain management. AIMS: The COMFORT (Community-engaged Options to Maximize and Facilitate Opioid ReducTion) study was designed to provide virtual multidimensional integrated nonpharmacologic therapies via a cloud-based videoconferencing platform over six weeks to adults with chronic pain who were prescribed an opioid to investigate measurable health improvements. METHODS: A qualitative descriptive analysis explored participants' experiences of a novel pain management intervention. A total of 19 participants consented to participate in the study and 15 completed six virtual consultations with either yoga, massage, chiropractic, or physical therapists. Semi-structured exit interviews were conducted, and data analyzed using content analysis. RESULTS: Five main themes were identified, including unmet pain needs, self-care practices, incentive for participation, perception of a virtual environment, and benefits of the intervention. All participants reported at least minor benefits, with about half reporting improvement in pain levels, and some were able to reduce their opioid use. A virtual environment posed challenges for a few participants who found it more difficult to engage with than in-person therapy; others found the platform easy to navigate. CONCLUSIONS: Participants with chronic pain were open and willing to try a novel way to access nonpharmacologic consultations to address unmet pain needs. Virtual consultations with pain management experts may increase access to, and utilization of, complementary and integrative treatment modalities.

Situational, emotional, and individual dispositions to weight gain in people with hoarding problems.

OBJECTIVES: Individuals with hoarding disorder are more likely to be overweight or obese than the general population for unknown reasons. METHODS: One hundred and twenty-nine individuals (Hoarding Group: n = 63; Control Group: n = 66) completed self-report measures and were offered snacks in a tidy and a cluttered environment in a counterbalanced order. Groups were based on the self-reporting of high or low hoarding symptoms. RESULTS: The hoarding group reported being less able to use their kitchen and prepare food at home and experiencing more impulsivity, distress intolerance and problematic eating beliefs than did the control group. The hoarding group consumed more cookies in the tidy room, whereas the control group consumed more cookies in the cluttered room. Greater impulsivity, distress intolerance and problematic body and eating beliefs were related to greater cookie consumption for the hoarding group. CONCLUSIONS: Early interventions that help individuals to tolerate distress and to engage in goal-directed behaviour regardless of their emotional state may have benefits for both hoarding and eating behaviour. We encourage future researchers to examine this hypothesis.

Exploring clinical learning experiences of novice physiotherapy students in a hospital setting.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to clinical practice experiences ensures undergraduate physiotherapy students meet the clinical competencies required to graduate as autonomous practitioners. Much of the research literature has investigated the clinical experiences of medical students. While recent studies have explored physiotherapy students' experiences with simulation, few have explored their perspectives of a clinical placement in a hospital setting at the early learning stage of a four-year programme. OBJECTIVE: To explore the perspectives of novice undergraduate physiotherapy students on a clinical placement in a real hospital setting. METHODS: Fifteen Year 3 undergraduate physiotherapy students participated in semi-structured interviews midway through a three-week tertiary care clinical placement. Interviews were transcribed, coded and analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS: Three main themes emerged: 1) student attributes affecting placement experience; 2) impact of the educator on student experience; and 3) effects of the clinical environment on student experiences. CONCLUSION: The real clinical environment promotes a rich learning experience for students, while the clinical educator is pivotal to guiding student learning through provision of resources and feedback. Provision of early orientation and timely clarification of expectations is important to alleviate anxiety and allow students to prepare themselves.

Methodological considerations for the force-matching task.

The force-matching task integrates haptic technology and electrical engineering to determine an individual's level of sensory attenuation to somatic stimuli. The task requires a detailed methodology to facilitate reliable and replicable estimates, and there has been a distinct lack of re-evaluation of the methodological processes related to this paradigm. In this task, participants are asked to match a force delivered to their finger, either by pressing directly on their own finger with their other hand (known as the direct condition) or by controlling the device using an external potentiometer to control the force indirectly through a torque motor (known as the slider condition). We analysed 138 participants to determine 1) the optimal number of replications (2, 4, 6, or 8 replications) of the target force, 2) the optimal time window (1-1.5 s, 1.5-2 s, 2-2.5 s and 2.5-3 s) to extract the estimate of sensory attenuation, 3) if participants' performance during the task improved, worsened or was stable across the experimental period regardless of condition, and 4) if learning effects were related to psychological traits. Results showed that the number of replications of the target forces may be reduced from 8 without compromising the estimate of sensory attenuation, the optimal time window for the extraction of the matched force is 2.5-3 s, the performance is stable over the duration of the experiment and not impacted by the measured psychological traits. In conclusion, we present a number of methodological considerations which improve the efficiency and reliability of the force-matching task. HIGHLIGHTS: • The force-matching task determines an individual's level of sensory attenuation • The optimal number of replications of the target force may be reduced from 8 • The optimal time window to extract the matched force is 2.5-3.0 s • The estimate of sensory attenuation is stable across the duration of the task.

Factors and framing effects in support for net zero policies in the United Kingdom.

Achieving ambitious carbon reduction targets requires transformative change to society, with behaviour change playing an important role. Climate change mitigation ('net zero') policies are needed to accelerate and support such behaviour change. This study examined factors and framing effects in public support for net zero policies in the United Kingdom (UK), making use of a large probability sample (ntotal = 5,665) survey conducted in August 2021. It found that net zero policies are widely supported, with only taxes on red meat and dairy products being supported by less than half of the UK public. Climate worry and perceived fairness were the strongest and most consistent predictors of policy support for net zero policies. The results further suggest that support for net zero policies can be increased by emphasising the co-benefits of the policies, in particular where they are beneficial for health. However, the framing effects were very small. In contrast, public support for net zero policies is lower when potential lifestyle and financial costs are mentioned. This suggests that perceived fairness of the distribution of costs and lifestyle implications of policies are crucial for building and maintaining support for net zero.

Did the March 2020 lockdown cause an increase in patients presenting to the emergency department with odontogenic pain and infection? A single centre, retrospective analysis.

On the 25 March 2020 the Chief Dental Officer (CDO) published guidance to restrict the provision of routine dental care in England due to the rapid spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome Coronavirus 2 (COVID-19). We analysed the impact of the pandemic on the number of patients presenting with odontogenic pain and infection to the emergency department (ED) of an urban-based teaching hospital, the Bristol Royal Infirmary (BRI). Furthermore, we investigated the severity of infection at first presentation to the ED. The study period encompassed three phases that represented the stages of pandemic restrictions: phase 1 prior to lockdown measures, with no restrictions to dental practice; phase 2 during the government lockdown, with the severest restrictions on dental practices; and phase 3 following the ease of lockdown measures, with return to limited dental services. Data were collected retrospectively from electronic patient records (EPR) regarding adult patients presenting to the ED with dental pain. The rate of presentations (per week) was calculated for each timepoint and compared. A severity score was assigned to each patient using a grading system based on signs of clinical infection and treatment modality. Patients' presentations were analysed at each phase of the pandemic. There was a 42.8% increase in attendance with oral facial pain and infection to ED from phases 1 to 3. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in restrictions to routine primary dental care services, which were deemed necessary to reduce the spread of the virus. However, this increased demand on secondary care services, as patients increasingly struggled to access primary dental care to manage dental pain.

Metabolic disorders and the risk of head and neck cancer: a protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Head and neck cancer squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer internationally. Established risk factors include smoking, alcohol and presence of human papillomavirus (HPV). The incidence rate of new disease continues to rise, despite falls in alcohol consumption and a reduction in smoking, the rising rates are unlikely to be solely attributed to HPV status alone. Obesity and its associated conditions such as type 2 diabetes (T2D) are implicated in the risk and progression of a variety of cancers, but there is paucity of evidence regarding its role in HNSCC. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: A systematic review of cohort studies, reporting a risk of incident HNSCC, will be included. A systematic search strategy has been developed, multiple databases will be searched from January 1966 to November 2021, including Cochrane Library, OVID SP versions of Medline and EMBASE. The primary outcome will be incident HNSCC based on exposures of T2D, obesity, dyslipidaemia and hypertension as defined by the WHO. A combined risk effect across studies will be calculated using meta-analysis, although depending on the heterogeneity in study design, exposure and outcome reporting this may not be possible. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION: No ethical approval is required for this systematic review. The review will be published in a relevant peer-review journal and findings will be presented at scientific meetings in both poster and oral presentation form. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER DETAILS: This study has been registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with study registration number CRD42021250520. This protocol has been developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Protocols guidance statement.

Effectiveness of Physical Activity and Exercise on Ambulatory Blood Pressure in Adults with Resistant Hypertension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

INTRODUCTION: Resistant hypertension (RHT) is a phenotype of hypertension that is challenging to manage by medications alone. While high grade evidence supports physical activity (PA) and exercise to reduce blood pressure (BP) in hypertension, it is unclear whether these are also effective for RHT. AIMS: To determine the quality of evidence for the effectiveness of PA and exercise and the change of magnitude of 24-hour ambulatory BP (24hABP) in adults with RHT. METHODS: Scopus, MEDLINE, CINHAL, Web of Science, Embase and SPORTDiscus databases were searched. Cochrane risk of bias tools, Review Manager and Grading of the Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation were used to assess the methodological quality, the clinical heterogeneity and quality of the evidence. RESULTS: Four studies comprising 178 individuals in total were included. A meta-analysis with random effects showed decreased 24hABP. The experimental group demonstrated grater mean differences for 24hABP following the PA and exercise programmes (systolic - 9.88 mmHg, 95% CI: - 17.62, - 2.14, I2 = 72%, p = 0.01; diastolic - 6.24 mmHg, 95% CI: - 12.65, 0.17, I2 = 93%,p = 0.06); and aerobic exercise (systolic - 12.06 mmHg, 95% CI: - 21.14, - 2.96, I2 = 77%, p = 0.009, diastolic - 8.19 mmHg, 95% CI: - 14.83, - 1.55, I2 = 92% ,p = 0.02). In the included studies, indirectness and publication bias were 'moderate' while inconsistency and imprecision were rated as 'low'. Thus, the overall quality of the evidence was considered to be 'low'. CONCLUSIONS: Low certainty evidence suggests that PA and aerobic exercise added to usual care may be more effective in 24hABP reduction in RHT than usual care alone. REGISTRATION: PROSPERO-2019 CRD42019147284 (21.11.2019).

Cumulative Stress Debriefings to Combat Compassion Fatigue in a Pediatric Intensive Care Unit.

BACKGROUND: Nurses working in pediatric intensive care units report high levels of compassion fatigue from exposure to critical and traumatic events. Cumulative stress debriefings can reduce compassion fatigue. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the use of cumulative stress debriefings to alleviate symptoms of compassion fatigue and promote job satisfaction in nurses. METHODS: In this quality improvement study, a survey modified from the Self-Reporting Questionnaire-20 was distributed to pediatric intensive care unit nurses at a large, tertiary, freestanding children's hospital on the US West Coast to measure compassion fatigue and job satisfaction. The survey revealed widespread symptoms of compassion fatigue. Subsequently, monthly 1-hour cumulative stress debriefing sessions were initiated in the pediatric intensive care unit. Between 149 and 168 nurses were eligible to participate across time points. Interprofessional team members were trained and paired to facilitate the debriefings. Follow-up surveys were distributed at 6, 9, and 12 months after implementation of the intervention. RESULTS: Survey response rates ranged from 22.6% to 49.7%, with responses declining over time. Nurses who attended 1 or more cumulative stress debriefings reported fewer symptoms of compassion fatigue and negative personal effects from work and were less likely to consider leaving their current position and the nursing profession. Results indicated a high level of acceptability of the intervention, with nearly 90% of participants at 9 and 12 months indicating that they were likely to attend a future session. CONCLUSION: Initiation of cumulative stress debriefings may reduce compassion fatigue and improve job satisfaction in nurses.

Preparation and support for physical activity following hospital discharge after coronary artery bypass graft surgery: A survey of current practice in New Zealand.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Engagement in physical activity following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery has many benefits and also many potential barriers, especially during the first few months. It is important to explore current clinical practice before investigating ways to optimally prepare and support people to progressively increase their physical activity post-hospital discharge and to navigate the challenges. The aim of the study was to explore current practice in New Zealand hospital services for preparing and supporting people who have had CABG surgery to engage in physical activity following hospital discharge. METHODS: Locality authorisation to participate in the study was sought from all 11 hospitals providing cardiac surgery services in New Zealand. The most senior health professional responsible for preparing people to engage in physical activity following CABG surgery was invited to participate by completing a purpose designed questionnaire on behalf of their hospital service. Respondents were also requested to provide any patient information handouts regarding progressive physical activity engagement following CABG surgery. RESULTS: Responses were received from all nine hospitals that granted locality authorisation. All nine hospitals prepared people to engage in aerobic exercise prior to discharge, predominantly through the provision of a walking schedule. In contrast, no hospitals provided information about engagement in resistance exercise. There was wide variability in both the advice provided regarding sternal precautions and time to return to activities of daily living. Additionally, the facilitation of some elements of self-management for physical activity, in particular problem solving and providing follow up support outside of the cardiac rehabilitation setting was provided infrequently. DISCUSSION: The findings demonstrated variability in service delivery in a number of areas and highlighted potential areas for improvement in light of what is known from the literature. Provision of follow up support for those unable to access outpatient cardiac rehabilitation is a key need.

Prevalence of Upper Gastrointestinal Inflammation in Teens With Obesity Prior to Sleeve Gastrectomy.

INTRODUCTION: Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) pathologies are common in adolescents with obesity. This study aims to determine the prevalence of UGI inflammation on preoperative esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) in adolescents undergoing sleeve gastrectomy (SG) and to assess weight loss outcomes. METHODS: This is a retrospective analysis of pathology reports from EGD biopsies performed prior to SG from September 2017 to August 2020. Percentage weight loss was measured at 3, 6, and 12 mo after surgery. Percent total body weight loss (TBWL) was compared between patients with and without UGI inflammation. RESULTS: Thirty adolescents underwent laparoscopic SG. Mean TBWL was 22% of total body weight 12 mo after surgery. Preoperative EGD identified 9 (30%) patients with esophagitis, 10 (33%) with gastritis, and 9 (30%) with duodenitis. Twenty-one patients (70%) had inflammation of at least one area, 5 (17%) were Helicobacter pylori positive, and 1 (3%) had a gastric ulcer that delayed surgery. Five (17%) patients were taking antacids prior to EGD. Patients with preoperative gastric or duodenal inflammation had significantly less TBWL 12 mo after SG compared to patients without gastric (24.6% versus 16.7%, P = 0.04) or duodenal inflammation (25.7% versus 14.1%, P = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS: There is a high prevalence of UGI inflammation in adolescents undergoing SG. Gastric and duodenal inflammation is associated with less TBWL after SG.

"It's Like Your Whole Body Hates You": Experiences of Withdrawal, Distress, and Barriers to Relief Among Adults Receiving Methadone for Opioid Use Disorder.

ABSTRACT: A qualitative descriptive study was conducted concurrent with a larger study investigating the effects of hyperbaric oxygen treatment on withdrawal symptoms for adults receiving daily methadone for opioid use disorder. The aims of this study were to (a) evaluate the perceptions of withdrawal symptoms and sleep characteristics of study participants and (b) explore the experiences of participation in the parent trial of hyperbaric oxygen treatment.Adults with opioid use disorder can experience distressing symptoms related to withdrawal as well as co-occurring symptoms; sleep impairment is frequently reported. Few studies have examined how adults who receive medication for opioid use disorder experience sleep. A preliminary study of adults receiving daily methadone found that withdrawal symptoms were improved after hyperbaric oxygen treatment. This study explores the narrative of opioid users who report their overall experiences with withdrawal and sleep as well as their experiences of hyperbaric therapy.A convenience sample of six participants was recruited, who represented a small subgroup of participants who completed the larger hyperbaric treatment study. Data were collected via semistructured interviews. Data were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis guidelines proposed by Schreier (2012). All participants described poor overall sleep hygiene and disturbed sleep. More than half of the respondents reported improved or eliminated withdrawal symptoms, and all reported improvement in sleep quality after participation in the sleep study.This companion study confirms that subjective sleep disturbance may be prevalent for adults with opioid use disorder. Participants felt the experience of hyperbaric oxygen treatment produced a positive effect on sleep.

Perceptions and experiences of engaging in physical activity following coronary artery bypass graft surgery.

BACKGROUND: Engagement in physical activity (PA) during the recovery period following coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery improves physical and health-related quality-of-life outcomes. OBJECTIVE: To explore people's perceptions and experiences of engaging in PA during the first three months following CABG surgery. METHODS: A mixed methods study design was utilized. Quantitative data were collected via accelerometer activity capture and standardized questionnaires. Qualitative data were collected via semi-structured interviews at weeks 1, 3, 6 and 12 post-hospital discharge. Interviews were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. RESULTS: Two overarching themes described the overall experience of engaging in PA: 1) "Navigating a difficult and unfamiliar road to recovery" and 2) "Still cautious but becoming more confident and able." These themes described the impact over time that various physical (i.e., fatigue, pain, medical complications, and physical deconditioning), psychological (i.e., fear, confidence, uncertainty, and motivation), and environmental (support) factors had on PA engagement, as well as the relationships between these factors. CONCLUSION: The findings provided insight into the physical, psychological, and environmental factors that impacted participants' PA engagement following CABG surgery. This knowledge may benefit health professionals to optimize preparation and support for adults to engage in PA post-hospital discharge following CABG surgery.